International Journal of Zoological Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Fish Parasites as Biological Indicators at Arabian Gulf off Dammam Coast, Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. Bayoumy, Sanaa Abou-EL Dobal, M. A. Hassanain","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.198.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.198.206","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach is chosen to visualize ecosystem health by using parasite bioindicators in Arabian Gulf off Dammam cost. Three hundred and sixty fish specimens belonging to three species of fish were examined parasitological for external and internal metazoan parasites. The seasonal prevalence of the detected parasites was differing from season to another. The highest rate occurred in summer and spring while, the lowest rate was in autumn and winter, respectively. The obtained data showed that Monogeneans prevalence showed highly significant positive correlations with Crustaceans, external parasites, Digeneans. Monogeneans and external parasites prevalence showed highly significant positive correlations with Zn and Se. While, external parasites and Digeneans showed significant positive correlations with Se only. On the other hand, Monogeneans there is antagonist action with Cr and Fe and Ni. Crustaceans showed highly significant positive correlations with Zn and Se. On the other hand, Crustaceans showed highly significant negative correlations with Cr, Fe and Ni. While, digeneans showed a significant negative correlation with Cr. On the same manner, external parasites showed highly significant negative correlations with Cr and Fe.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133299162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histology and Cytochemistry of the Neurosecretory Cells (NSC) of the Freshwater Snail Lymnaea luteola (Lamarck) Mollusca: Gastropoda","authors":"Vijaya Kumar Kanapala, A. Arasada","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.215.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.215.221","url":null,"abstract":"Four types of neurosecretory (NS) cells are noticed in the cerebral, pleural, buccal and pedal ganglion of the freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola. According to the size and staining properties they are classified as A, B, C and D type cells. These are giant cells, medium cells, small cells and smallest cells. Type ‘A’ cells are largest of the all cells and measures about 0.0600-0.0800 mm in diameter. The B cells are smaller than ‘A’ cells and are ranges from 0.035-0.040 mm in diameter. The ‘C’ and ‘D’ cells are smaller than the ‘A’ and ‘B ‘cells and more or less oval in shape. The histochemical observations reveal that the neurosecretory material is rich in carbohydrates, disulphides, sulfhydryl group, protein bound amino groups, glycoprotein and lipids.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126901433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific Genetic Diversity of Two Black Fly Species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from South India using DNA Barcode Based RFLP Analysis","authors":"Vimalanathan Arunprasan, M. Kannan, S. Anbalagan, S. Dinakaran, M. Krishnan","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.188.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.188.197","url":null,"abstract":"The population genetic diversity of two black fly species (S. (S.) gurneyae and S. (S.) nilgiricum) was investigated along an elevational gradient in two hills of South India by mitochondrial gene sequence of cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). By comparing the similarity of the bands produced by three restriction endonuclease enzymes, the genetic distance was calculated among sampling sites. The mean Kimura two parameter divergences of two black fly species between sampling sites was observed less than 13% and the higher genetic differentiation occurred at higher elevational sites (>1000 m). These result suggest that hypothesis of speciation is related with higher elevational site in black flies.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127528848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bait Formulations of Chlorophyllin against Infected/Uninfected Lymnaea acuminata in Red and Sunlight","authors":"Navneet Kumar, V. Singh","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.207.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.207.214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"54 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116331762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of the Oviposition Records of Three Western Ghats Endemics, the Malabar Raven, Papilio dravidarum Wood-Mason, Malabar Rose, Atrophaneura pandiyana Moore and Crimson Rose, Atrophaneura hector Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)","authors":"V. Revathy, G. Mathew","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.177.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.177.187","url":null,"abstract":"Observations were made on the biology and bionomics of the three Western Ghats Endemics, the Malabar Raven (Papilio dravidarum Wood-Mason), Malabar Rose (Atrophaneura pandiyana Moore) and Crimson Rose (A. hector Linnaeus). The size of the caterpillar (length and breadth), mode of feeding, pupation and emergence were recorded. The biology took 36-40 days for completion in Malabar Raven, 35-37 days in A. pandiyana and A. hector. Butterflies found in different habitats tend to show marked differences in their general appearance and biology as evidenced by the “Ecological races” reported in several species of butterflies. Thorough understanding of the life history and their behavioural patterns of immature stages will help in recognizing geographical and ecological races.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129562564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shell Morphology of Three Medical Important Tropical Freshwater Pulmonate Snails from Five Sites in South-Western Nigeria","authors":"M. Falade, Benson Otarigho","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.140.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.140.150","url":null,"abstract":"Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus globosus and Lymnaea natalensis act as obligatory vectors of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although, they are known to be widely distributed throughout Nigeria, there is the need for precise species identification to help vector control initiatives. Snail shell morphometry has previously proved useful in taxonomic studies. We thus employed seven morphological parameters of snail shells in identifying three snail vectors from five water bodies in South-Western Nigeria. Snails were sampled for 14 months and total of 718 snails were collected, which include 204 B. pfeifferi, 316 B. globosus and 198 L. natalensis. Eleyele Lake had 278 snails which was the highest number followed by Osun River with 64 snails. Our finding revealed B. globosus as the dominant snail in all the five sites, while B. pfeifferi and L. natalensis were present in only three sites. The presence of the snails in otherwise uninfected water bodies may have implications for transmission and disease control in these areas. Our findings should prove useful for improved snail identification, information, which will be invaluable for vector control in affected communities.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124904411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroids Opportunist Higher Toxoplasma gondii Brain Cysts in Latent Infected Mice","authors":"Hasan A. El-Fadaly, M. A. Hassanain, R. Shaapan, N. Hassanain, A. M. Barakat","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.169.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.169.176","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic zoonotic protozoan, distinguish superior brain parasite load in immune-suppressed patients. Corticosteroids are popular anti-inflammatory with immune-suppressive long course, it possible opportunist higher T. gondii brain parasite load and reverts encephalitis in latent infected personals. The present study concerns this concept and preferred for recognize different levels of T. gondii brain parasite load and immunoglobulin titers in both corticosteroids treated and untreated latent infected mice groups. A total number of 70 Swiss-Webster mice (12-18 g) were divided into four groups, the first and second ones are 30 each (infected-untreated and infected-treated group), the third and fourth 5 each (uninfected-untreated and uninfected-treated control). Administration of glucocorticoid (hydrocortisone sodium succinate) at a dose of 50 mg kgG1 (I.M) injection 3 times a week with oral administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in dose of 2.5 mg kgG1 dayG1 per mouse in drinking water for sequence 2 months. The 103 bradyzoites from mice brain of cystogenic ME-49 strain was used for inducing latent infected mice groups at 30 days before corticosteroids therapy. Serum and brain tissue samples were collected for serological assay and parasite load estimation from sacrificed mice. The results showed significance elevation of average percent of brain parasite load and IgM/IgG titers. All values exceeds higher and parallel to the progression of corticosteroids term in infected treated group than the infected-untreated one. In conclusion, long-term corticosteroids therapy possible opportunist higher T. gondii brain parasite load and induce encephalitis in latent infected murine model, imitate this serious condition in T. gondii infected patients who received corticosteroids therapy.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116152700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Structure of Lingual Papillae in the Markhoz Goat (Iranian Angora): A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study","authors":"N. Goodarzi, Toraj Shah Hoseini","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.160.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.160.168","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the morphostructure of lingual papillae in Markhoz goat. Tissue samples were taken from the dorsal surfaces of the apex, body and root of the tongues of five adult goats. After routine procedure of preparation, the samples were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Three mechanical and tow gustatory types of papillae were seen. Filiform papillae were distributed on the dorsal surface of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. A bulb-like structure formed the basal portion of the papilla. Between six and eight secondary papillae with sharp pointed tips emerged at the base of filiform papillae. The conical papillae were found on the torus linguae and elongated with a round base while their tips were blunt and sharp, differing structurally from the filiform papillae which posses larger size, a tip without projections and lack of secondary papillae. The round-shaped type I lenticular papillae had a flat surface whereas, those of the leaf-shaped type II lenticular papillae were protruded from the lingual surface with a blunt apex. The round to oval shaped vallate papillae on both rims of the torus linguae were encircled by a prominent gustatory furrow and a thick annular pad. The fungiform papillae were scattered among filiform papillae in the anterior two-thirds of the dorsal surface and each papilla was surrounded by a distict papillary groove. Accordingly, despite of some specific morphological features in lingual papillae, the tongue of markhoz goat is well equipped for mechanical functions similar to that of the other ruminants.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variation in the Biochemical Constituents, Percentage Edibility and Condition Index of the Estuarine Clam, Soletellina diphos (Linnaeus, 1771) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Veneroida: Psammobiidae)","authors":"V. M. Lagade, S. S. Taware, D. Muley","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.127.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.127.139","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of biochemical analyses and condition indices have been employed by various authors all over the world to assess the chemical and health index of bivalves. In order to understand the effect of seasonal climate change on the nutritive value and physiological fitness of an estuarine population of the psammobiid Soletellina diphos on the West coast of India. The present study was under-taken in order to determine the seasonal fluctuations of the biochemical constituents in different parts of the body and the percentage edibility and condition index. This study has shown that seasonality is related to significant alterations in the biochemical constituents, percentage edibility and condition index (p<0.001) of this population of S. diphos. These changes could be due to the clam’s seasonal activities, particularly those related to its reproductive cycle. Higher values of the protein and lipid contents were recorded during the post-monsoon period, whereas maximum concentrations of glycogen were detected during the winter season. On the other hand, the lowest protein and glycogen contents were recorded during summer, while minimal lipid contents were observed during the winter season. The Percentage Edibility (PE) and Condition Index (CI) significantly fluctuated during the annual cycle, with maximum values occurring during the post-monsoon period (September-October 2008) and the lowest values during winter (November-December 2008). Therefore, it seems that the best nutritive season for S. diphos is in the post-monsoon period (September-October), when the highest values of its biochemical composition, percentage edibility and condition index occur. However, during the summer season (April-May), the lowest levels of the organic constituents, the percentage edibility and the condition index were recorded. Hence, that season is not ideal from the nutritive point of view. The study concludes that the physiological activity, the nutritive value and the meat quality of the clam S. diphos are seasonally related. Moreover, such baseline information is important from the viewpoint of aquaculture, as it demonstrates the seasonal impact on the nutritive status, reproductive output and physiological fitness of S. diphos.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125183834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Parasites and Ecto-Symbiont in Wild Mud Crab, Genus Scylla from Terengganu Coastal Water, Malaysia: Prevalence and Mean Intensity","authors":"M. Ihwan, W. Wahidah, M. Ambak, M. Ikhwanuddi, H. Marína","doi":"10.3923/IJZR.2015.151.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJZR.2015.151.159","url":null,"abstract":"Seventy three sample of wild mud crab genus Scylla were collected from setiu wetland, Terengganu coastal waters, Malaysia with the measured of Carapace Width (CW) and Body Weight (BW) 8.9±0.1 and 103.9±3.8, respectively. The percentage prevalence of parasites from these studies is 81.9% and the mean intensity was 13. The total number of 887 parasites that were collected includes barnacle (Octolasmis spp.), ciliates, sessile protozoan (Epistylis sp.), nematode and copepod. The higher number of parasites that were found is barnacle with prevalence of 71.1% and mean intensity 14.4 followed by ciliates, nematode, copepod and sessile protozoan with prevalence of 18.1, 8.4, 2.4 and 1.2% and mean intensity 1.1, 2.1, 2.0, 1.0, respectively. Results show that pedunculate barnacle genus Octolasmis show the most abundance species of parasites, compared to others.","PeriodicalId":166162,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130485137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}