{"title":"Collusion in Brokered Markets","authors":"J. Hatfield, S. Kominers, R. Lowery","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3450767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3450767","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. residential real estate agency market presents a puzzle for economic theory: commissions on real estate transactions have remained high for decades even though entry is frequent and costs are low. We model the real estate agency market, and other brokered markets, as a game in which brokers first post prices for customers and then choose which other agents to work with. We show that prices appreciably higher than the competitive level can be sustained (for a fixed discount factor) regardless of the number of brokers by using strategies that condition working with a broker on that broker’s posted prices.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indian Management in a New Era: Towards New Mantras in Management and Leadership","authors":"Subhash Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3617568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3617568","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution of Management Thought over last hundred years can be broadly classified in terms of four distinct eras viz. ‘Scientific’ Management era (with its beginning around 1900), Human side era (with its beginning around 1960s) and the New Mantras era (with its beginning around 2000) wherein Human and Spiritual Values are finding an echo in Management Thought and now we are entering in to Holistic era. During the ‘Scientific Management’ era, Management Thought was deeply influenced by the disciplines of Engineering and Economics. During the Human side era, management theory and practice was deeply influenced by the discipline of Psychology and related disciplines. With the acceptance of Yoga and Meditation as stress management tools for Corporate Managers, the discipline of Spirituality/Inner sciences started influencing the Management Thought in general leading to many New Mantras in Management and Leadership thus paving the way for arrival of Holistic era wherein management thought is rooted in Holistic approach to management and leadership.<br>","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126659928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recursos TIC y supervivencia empresarial: una revisión de la noción de ventaja competitiva (IT Resources and Business Survival: Competitive Advantage Revisited)","authors":"Carlos Piñeiro-Sánchez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3587735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3587735","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish abstract: El estudio de las disfunciones financieras de las empresas ha sido un tópico común en la investigación a lo largo de las últimas décadas; no obstante, algunos aspectos de los procesos de fracaso han recibido relativamente poca atención. Este trabajo profundiza en su dimensión temporal. Exploramos la forma en que una categoría concreta de recursos, los activos y capacidades vinculados a las tecnologías de la información, altera la probabilidad de sobrevivir durante diferentes horizontes arbitrarios. Diseñamos y ajustamos una regresión de Cox, partiendo de la fundamentación teórica aportada por el enfoque de recursos y capacidades. Hallamos evidencia indicativa de que las expectativas de su-pervivencia están influidas por el uso de recursos TIC orientados a la gestión comercial, por la experiencia de gestión en materia de TIC y por la habilidad para desplegar estrategias de colaboración interna y externa. Los resultados son robustos incluso cuando se consideran las particularidades de la actividad y las características financieras específicas de cada empresa. English abstract: The study of firms’ financial imbalances has been a common topic in research over the last decades; however, some aspects of the failure processes have received little attention. This research deepens into the temporal dimension of bankruptcy, and explores whether IT resources affect the expected lifetime of a firm. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we design and adjust a Cox regression. We found evidence that the average lifetime and the odds of surviving beyond any arbitrary time t are modified by the availability and the pattern of use of marketing-oriented IT resources, by IT management experience, and by the ability to deploy internal and external collaboration strategies. The results are robust when considering the industry and the financial situation of each company.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130278214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Platforms and E-Commerce in India – Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Devanshu Gupta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3577285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577285","url":null,"abstract":"The laws regulating an e-commerce entity have been completely reluctant in India and; are at a very nascent stage. The fast growth of e-commerce has played a significant role in increasing market competitiveness and; today, e-commerce has connected the rural economies to integrate faster with the national economy. The reach of e-commerce in the sub-rural and rural areas (around 100-200 million Indians) has provided multiple choices and e-commerce has granted distinctive expansion prospects to the retail industry from an earlier completely diverse industry – the brick-and-mortar physical stores. Today, sellers have reached around 22,000 PIN codes to the oddest of places. The Indian retail industry (brick-and-mortar stores) accounts for over 10% of the country’s GDP and around 8% of the employment, which may be a threat of loss if unable to shift to an e-commerce model. With the emerging e-commerce growth, where on one side, buyers and local sellers have benefited from the easy purchase and sell facilities, on the other side, offline market players have faced a setback. In this paper, we have talked about legal technicalities involved in regulating an e-commerce entity in the relevant market. The present market condition has later been discussed which has become a battleground, where not only the players of the offline retailers are against the e-commerce entities, but e-commerce entities are competing amongst themselves, at the cost of violating laws through the innovative ‘two-way companies model’. In the end, few observations and key takeaways have been jotted down for the kind consideration of the Competition Commission of India (CCI).","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Panorama de las empresas en Argentina (Firm Dynamics in Argentina)","authors":"Matias Arnoletto, Matías Belacín","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3656475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3656475","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish abstract: Este documento tiene como objetivo orientar la politica productiva con base en evidencia empirica sobre desempeno de las empresas privadas en Argentina. Siguiendo las recomendaciones metodologicas de Eurostat y la OCDE, el documento integra conjuntos de datos de registros de seguridad social, agencias impositivas y comercio internacional a nivel de empresa para analizar la dinamica de las empresas, las exportaciones y el empleo, enfatizando las fortalezas y desafios que enfrentan las empresas argentinas. En la primera parte del documento, calculamos y evaluamos indicadores clave del desempeno empresarial, como las tasas de crecimiento de entrada, salida, supervivencia y post-entrada. En segundo lugar, contribuimos a dar respuesta a una pregunta de gran relevancia: ?cuales son las empresas que crean empleo en Argentina?. En la tercera parte, evaluamos la dinamica exportadora, dimension crucial para el desarrollo economico del pais. Finalmente, discutimos los lineamientos de politicas para mejorar el clima comercial y exportador en los proximos anos. \u0000 \u0000English abstract: This policy document aims to guide productive policy based on compelling empirical evidence from private companies' performance in Argentina. Following Eurostat and OECD methodological recommendations, the paper integrates payroll and international trade datasets at the firm-level to analyze firms, export, and employment dynamics, highlighting the strengths and challenges that Argentinian firms face. In the first part of the document, we compute and evaluate key indicators of business' performance, such as entry, exit, survival, and post-entry growth rates. Secondly, we contribute to answering an extremely relevant question: who creates jobs. In the third part, we evaluate exporting dynamics, a crucial dimension for the country's economic development. Finally, we discuss policy guidelines to improve the business and exporting climate in the next years.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116804726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Features of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Turkey: An Experience for Russia","authors":"Nigyar Masumova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3499560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499560","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyzed SMEs in Turkey, showed the role of micro, small and medium enterprises in the economy, and identified the main problems and the perspectives of the further development.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130888256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pragmatic Cost of Steel Foam","authors":"Mohd. Umair, T. Wani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3463639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3463639","url":null,"abstract":"Over the span of late decades, a huge number of steel foam has been created, numerous cell metals require expensive fundamental materials. The inclined plan has paired fixings: a methodological model of the execution of the material in a given application, Intact cost model giving a check of material and strategy costs. Commonsense is evaluated by building a worth capacity that incorporates proportions of both objectively and solidly. It allows the situating of materials by both economic and particular criteria. At present all metals foam are made in little sums using time and work concentrated strategies, The activity of an unblemished model is to assess this, to perceive cost drivers, to take a gander at a complete cutoff point to cost decline and to oversee process improvement. This paper develops this and the job of expense and execution measurements is deciding realistic expense according to base materials is required.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124085660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Value Potential of New Business Models","authors":"David J. Collis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3452845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3452845","url":null,"abstract":"One attempt to regain the ground that strategy has recently lost, which was described in the first article, has been the introduction of “business models” as the precursor to competitive positioning within an industry. Understanding a business model provides a shorthand description of how value is created - although the business model, by itself, does not determine how profitable it will be for any firm: for that we need to examine the complete strategy landscape.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116986496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tying in Evolving Industries, when Future Entry Cannot Be Deterred","authors":"C. Fumagalli, Massimo Motta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3478495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3478495","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the incentive to engage in exclusionary tying (of two complementary products) may arise even when tying cannot be used as a defensive strategy to protect the incumbent's dominant position in the primary market. By engaging in tying, an incumbent firm sacrifices current profits but can exclude a more efficient rival from a complementary market by depriving it of the critical scale it needs to be successful. In turn, exclusion in the complementary market allows the incumbent to be in a favorable position when a more efficient rival will enter the primary market, and to appropriate some of the rival's efficiency rents. The paper also shows that tying is a more profitable exclusionary strategy than pure bundling, and that exclusion is the less likely the higher the proportion of consumers who multi-home. Keywords:Inefficient foreclosure, Tying, Scale economies, Network Externalities. JEL Codes: K21, L41","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing","authors":"Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan, A. Chatterji","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3440291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3440291","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship argues that experimentation should be the organizing principle for entrepreneurial strategy. Experimentation leads to organizational learning, which drives improvements in firm performance. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the time-varying adoption of A/B testing technology, which has drastically reduced the cost of testing business ideas. Our results provide the first evidence on how digital experimentation affects a large sample of high-technology start-ups using data that tracks their growth, technology use, and products. We find that, although relatively few firms adopt A/B testing, among those that do, performance improves by 30%–100% after a year of use. We then argue that this substantial effect and relatively low adoption rate arises because start-ups do not only test one-off incremental changes, but also use A/B testing as part of a broader strategy of experimentation. Qualitative insights and additional quantitative analyses show that experimentation improves organizational learning, which helps start-ups develop more new products, identify and scale promising ideas, and fail faster when they receive negative signals. These findings inform the literatures on entrepreneurial strategy, organizational learning, and data-driven decision making. This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.","PeriodicalId":166155,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Firm Behavior & Competition (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117215097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}