Clean HandsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0004
J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
{"title":"Scrupulosity as a Form of OCD","authors":"J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Scrupulosity is closely connected to OCD, despite some appearances and informal characterizations of Scrupulosity as a concern with sin. Those with Scrupulosity have obsessions and/or compulsions. The Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity-Revised (PIOS-R) captures the religious features of Scrupulosity. A secular presentation is less common or has been diagnosed less often, but a non-religious presentation is still possible. The distinctive features of Scrupulosity are perfectionism, chronic doubt and intolerance of uncertainty, and moral thought-action fusion. None of these features are exclusive to Scrupulosity, but they mutually reinforce each other and together characterize the condition.","PeriodicalId":166044,"journal":{"name":"Clean Hands","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129970290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clean HandsPub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0006
J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
{"title":"Character and Virtue","authors":"J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Scrupulosity is not religious devotion or moral virtue. Those with Scrupulosity are concerned with moral behavior primarily as a way to reduce their underlying doubts and anxiety. Moral character requires attention to, concern for, and responsiveness to the morally relevant features of situations, acts, and people. Moral character also requires a stable set of underlying traits and beliefs that noncoincidentally lead to the appropriate motivations and endorsements. Some with Scrupulosity are ego-dystonic, rejecting their scrupulous symptoms, but one might also reject one’s own character. Those whose Scrupulosity is ego-syntonic—who endorse their scrupulous symptoms—also differ from those with moral character because those with Scrupulosity display fixation on certain issues to the exclusion of others, are inflexible with respect to circumstances, are overly concerned with merely possible—not probable—events, have an inflated sense of personal responsibility, and care about moral issues for the wrong reasons.","PeriodicalId":166044,"journal":{"name":"Clean Hands","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116921849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clean HandsPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0003
J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
{"title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Scrupulosity dates back millennia and is widely reported in Catholic and Protestant traditions over the last half-century. This chapter looks more generally at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent, intrusive and unwanted, unjustified, and anxiety-evoking. Also, OCD needs to be distinguished from a different condition with a similar name: obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Whereas OCD is an anxiety disorder, OCPD is a personality disorder, that is, a disorder in those stable traits that make up one’s personality. The chapter addresses difficulties in determining whether obsessions are beliefs: normal tests of beliefs fail in the case of OCD and Scrupulosity. It next considers compulsions, repetitive behaviors performed in response to obsessions that aim to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress.","PeriodicalId":166044,"journal":{"name":"Clean Hands","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125076292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clean HandsPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0008
J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
{"title":"Responsibility","authors":"J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Responsibility admits of degrees, and Scrupulosity seems to diminish responsibility for harms caused to some degree. We focus on whether Scrupulosity provides an excuse that reduces or removes moral liability responsibility for bad actions or consequences. More precisely, we distinguish attributability, answerability, and accountability responsibility. Our question is whether someone with Scrupulosity is accountability responsible—whether it is fitting to feel anger, resentment, or indignation toward them—for harms they cause. We consider two compatibilist theories of responsibility: deep-self theories and reasons-responsiveness theories. Unlike deep-self theories, reasons-responsiveness theories can distinguish scrupulous actions by distinguishing responding to reasons from responding to anxiety. Finally, we address whether present responsibility can be traced to one’s previous bad decisions and cases in which one was clearly responsible.","PeriodicalId":166044,"journal":{"name":"Clean Hands","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127691150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clean HandsPub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0005
J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
{"title":"Mental Illness","authors":"J. Summers, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058692.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Scrupulosity is a mental illness. This is not determined simply by inclusion in or exclusion from the current DSM. The features that characterize Scrupulosity needn’t be disordered, and this chapter addresses skepticism—eliminativism and social constructionism—about mental illness more generally. Illnesses, according to skeptics about mental illness, require physical markers and a value-free diagnosis. These are not present for Scrupulosity, nor are they present for many mental illnesses. The chapter considers dysfunction and harm as definitive of mental illness. It then examines the DSM-5 definition of mental illness and finds that Scrupulosity fits that definition.","PeriodicalId":166044,"journal":{"name":"Clean Hands","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131758146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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