Corrina A Most, Florence Landry, I. Bădescu, Monica L Wakefield
{"title":"Intertroop kidnapping of a young infant in wild olive baboons (Papio anubis)","authors":"Corrina A Most, Florence Landry, I. Bădescu, Monica L Wakefield","doi":"10.52732/govp5115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52732/govp5115","url":null,"abstract":"On June 16, 2023, a juvenile female olive baboon (Papio anubis) in our study troop at the Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project in Kenya grabbed a ~3-week-old infant from another troop and released him near a high-ranking adult female in the study troop. This female, who was already pregnant, took the infant and treated him as her own, allowing him nipple access. The infant survived for over a month, which suggests the female produced some milk, at least initially, but he eventually died on July 24. Here, we describe the behaviours of all individuals involved in this rare event, and present possible proximate mechanisms and ultimate explanations for the behaviours observed. Rare events can reveal a species’ behavioural and physiological flexibility, and this one sheds light on the potential for infant stacking in baboons and the use of infants as a commodity within the social market of the troop.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"1 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breastmilk auto-expression and self-suckling in a Zoo-bred Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)","authors":"Kathleen A Hawks, Corinna A Most","doi":"10.52732/irpz7770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52732/irpz7770","url":null,"abstract":"Breastmilk auto-expression, also called “self-suckling\", is a rarely observed behaviour in mammals. We present detailed observations of this behaviour in a Zoo-bred Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), in the context of extended nursing by the offspring. This is in contrast to prior reports of self-suckling in primates, which were associated with the death of the infant. We followed mother Miya (MI) and infant Shoyo (BB) for the first two years of the infant’s life, documenting changes in his activity budget during development. After first observing that MI was consuming her own breastmilk independent of nursing bouts with BB, we began measuring instances of this behaviour within MI’s activity budget. We describe this self-suckling behaviour in the context of ongoing nursing interactions and a normal oestrus cycle and speculate whether this behaviour is the cause or a consequence of MI’s failure to become pregnant after BB’s birth.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"82 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Value of Collaboration between Animal Cognition and Cognitive Science","authors":"I. Pepperberg","doi":"10.52732/vpoi8524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52732/vpoi8524","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative efforts between researchers with different types of expertise are needed to demonstrate the fullest possible understanding of a given concept; that is, to determine the “known unknowns” of the concept, and to design appropriate experiments to discover and test the appropriate levels of cognitive processing that are required to master the concept. Designing experiments on which subjects can succeed by using simple heuristics rather than complex processing is definitely a good first step, as subjects that fail these tasks are unlikely to succeed on the more complex ones; however, only by designing tasks that cannot be solved in such a manner can we truly test and compare the competencies of our subjects, be they differently-aged humans or non-humans.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125827056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensitivity to geometry in humans and other animals","authors":"Sarah Placì","doi":"10.52732/xlya4330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52732/xlya4330","url":null,"abstract":"Geometry can be defined as the mathematical formalization of space and of objects with spatial content (i.e., objects defined by angles, lengths, parallel lines, etc.). Amongst all theories of geometry, Euclidean geometry is considered the most intuitive of all for humans. The reason for this, it has been argued, is that humans and maybe other animals, evolved intuitions coherent with Euclidean principles that helped them better interact with the physical world. The physical world, however, is not Euclidean in all of its aspects. Objects' mass and their interaction with the gravitational field are not considered in Euclidean geometry, although objects' geometrical characteristics can determine their physical properties. This association between geometry and physics could influence how animal minds categorize geometrical objects. In this paper, I briefly review the evidence suggesting that humans and other animals are sensitive to differences in objects' geometrical characteristics. I further address the question whether Euclidean or physics intuitions underlie humans' and other animals' sensitivity to geometry and conclude that although physics intuitions might better explain how animals, including humans, categorize objects in terms of basic geometrical characteristics such as their shape, size, orientation, sense, and position, humans are special in their ability to reason about more abstract Euclidean concepts.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125866989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social scripts as drivers of primate cooperation","authors":"K. Zuberbühler","doi":"10.52732/borx9839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52732/borx9839","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have a reputation for being ‘hyper-cooperative’, as they occasionally behave altruistically when they should not, for instance when helping strangers with no prospect of reciprocity or reputational benefits. Although intriguing, human behaviour is also accountable to evolutionary theory, which predicts that altruism is only adaptive if it benefits close genetic relatives. One way to explain maladaptive helping is that humans and primates experience reality to various degrees as part of social scripts - mental representations of how social events normally unfold. As a consequence, decisions about helping are no longer about kinship but about anticipating the cooperation enforcement strategies of others, particularly negative reciprocity. Social scripts thus extract altruism from the evolutionary confines of kin-biased helping to enable non-kin cooperation with all its partner-control mechanisms. A review of the primate literature suggests that social script theory may explain the often inconsistent results in great ape prosociality experiments as well as puzzling findings of altruism towards non-relatives in the wild. Cognition may enable humans and some animals to behave altruistically towards non-relatives because social scripts make them perceive the need of others as a cooperation problem.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130791852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laterality in Vertebrates and Invertebrates: Linked or Different?","authors":"L. Rogers","doi":"10.52732/kvkl8087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52732/kvkl8087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares lateralized behaviour in invertebrates and vertebrates and considers whether any similar patterns indicate homology or are examples of convergent evolution. It covers evidence for left-right asymmetries of memory consolidation, approach and withdrawal in social, predatory and predation situations, aggressive behaviour and sexual behaviour. Although the pattern of these asymmetries in the brains of vertebrate species is the mirror image of the pattern in invertebrates, the direction of behavioural asymmetry matches since sensory inputs cross the midline in vertebrates (for vision) but not in invertebrates (for olfaction and vision). Similarities in the lateralization pattern in vertebrate and invertebrate species suggest that a basic plan of lateralized brain function may have been conserved during the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133575566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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