社会脚本是灵长类动物合作的驱动因素

K. Zuberbühler
{"title":"社会脚本是灵长类动物合作的驱动因素","authors":"K. Zuberbühler","doi":"10.52732/borx9839","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Humans have a reputation for being ‘hyper-cooperative’, as they occasionally behave altruistically when they should not, for instance when helping strangers with no prospect of reciprocity or reputational benefits. Although intriguing, human behaviour is also accountable to evolutionary theory, which predicts that altruism is only adaptive if it benefits close genetic relatives. One way to explain maladaptive helping is that humans and primates experience reality to various degrees as part of social scripts - mental representations of how social events normally unfold. As a consequence, decisions about helping are no longer about kinship but about anticipating the cooperation enforcement strategies of others, particularly negative reciprocity. Social scripts thus extract altruism from the evolutionary confines of kin-biased helping to enable non-kin cooperation with all its partner-control mechanisms. A review of the primate literature suggests that social script theory may explain the often inconsistent results in great ape prosociality experiments as well as puzzling findings of altruism towards non-relatives in the wild. Cognition may enable humans and some animals to behave altruistically towards non-relatives because social scripts make them perceive the need of others as a cooperation problem.","PeriodicalId":165720,"journal":{"name":"In&Vertebrates","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Social scripts as drivers of primate cooperation\",\"authors\":\"K. Zuberbühler\",\"doi\":\"10.52732/borx9839\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Humans have a reputation for being ‘hyper-cooperative’, as they occasionally behave altruistically when they should not, for instance when helping strangers with no prospect of reciprocity or reputational benefits. Although intriguing, human behaviour is also accountable to evolutionary theory, which predicts that altruism is only adaptive if it benefits close genetic relatives. One way to explain maladaptive helping is that humans and primates experience reality to various degrees as part of social scripts - mental representations of how social events normally unfold. As a consequence, decisions about helping are no longer about kinship but about anticipating the cooperation enforcement strategies of others, particularly negative reciprocity. Social scripts thus extract altruism from the evolutionary confines of kin-biased helping to enable non-kin cooperation with all its partner-control mechanisms. A review of the primate literature suggests that social script theory may explain the often inconsistent results in great ape prosociality experiments as well as puzzling findings of altruism towards non-relatives in the wild. Cognition may enable humans and some animals to behave altruistically towards non-relatives because social scripts make them perceive the need of others as a cooperation problem.\",\"PeriodicalId\":165720,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"In&Vertebrates\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-02-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"In&Vertebrates\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.52732/borx9839\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"In&Vertebrates","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.52732/borx9839","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

摘要

人类有“超级合作”的名声,因为他们偶尔会在不应该的时候表现得无私,比如在没有互惠或声誉利益的情况下帮助陌生人。虽然很有趣,但人类的行为也与进化论有关。进化论预测,利他主义只有在有利于近亲的情况下才具有适应性。一种解释不适应帮助的方法是,人类和灵长类动物在不同程度上把现实作为社会脚本的一部分——社会事件如何正常展开的心理表征。因此,关于帮助的决定不再是关于亲属关系,而是关于预测他人的合作执行策略,特别是消极互惠。因此,社会脚本将利他主义从亲属偏见的进化限制中提取出来,帮助实现非亲属合作及其所有伙伴控制机制。对灵长类文献的回顾表明,社会脚本理论可以解释类人猿亲社会实验中经常不一致的结果,以及在野外对非亲属的利他主义的令人困惑的发现。认知可能使人类和一些动物对非亲属表现出利他行为,因为社会脚本使他们将他人的需求视为合作问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social scripts as drivers of primate cooperation
Humans have a reputation for being ‘hyper-cooperative’, as they occasionally behave altruistically when they should not, for instance when helping strangers with no prospect of reciprocity or reputational benefits. Although intriguing, human behaviour is also accountable to evolutionary theory, which predicts that altruism is only adaptive if it benefits close genetic relatives. One way to explain maladaptive helping is that humans and primates experience reality to various degrees as part of social scripts - mental representations of how social events normally unfold. As a consequence, decisions about helping are no longer about kinship but about anticipating the cooperation enforcement strategies of others, particularly negative reciprocity. Social scripts thus extract altruism from the evolutionary confines of kin-biased helping to enable non-kin cooperation with all its partner-control mechanisms. A review of the primate literature suggests that social script theory may explain the often inconsistent results in great ape prosociality experiments as well as puzzling findings of altruism towards non-relatives in the wild. Cognition may enable humans and some animals to behave altruistically towards non-relatives because social scripts make them perceive the need of others as a cooperation problem.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信