Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences最新文献_第8页

Tritium in the Atmospheric Environment 大气环境中的氚

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.117

N. Momoshima, T. Yamaguchi, T. Toyoshima, Y. Nagao, M. Takahashi, M. Takamura, Y. Nakamura

{"title":"Tritium in the Atmospheric Environment","authors":"N. Momoshima, T. Yamaguchi, T. Toyoshima, Y. Nagao, M. Takahashi, M. Takamura, Y. Nakamura","doi":"10.14494/JNRS2000.8.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS2000.8.117","url":null,"abstract":"The production rate of natural tritium, produced constantly in the upper atmosphere by nuclear reactions between secondary cosmic rays and nitrogen or oxygen atoms, is estimated to be 0.2 to 0.25 tritium atom cm s which yields 1–1.3 EBq tritium inventory in the world. The naturally occurring tritium has been found in various environmental materials which contain hydrogen atom as a constituent element. The concentration of tritium in the environment had increased by nuclear tests in 1950s–1960s that had released a large amount of artificial tritium to the environment. The amount of tritium emitted from the nuclear tests would be 240 EBq and we can still detect the bomb tritium in environmental samples such as underground water more than 40 years after the test ban treaty in 1963. Peaceful use of nuclear energy has also increased environmental tritium concentrations such as around nuclear power stations and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants due to controlled release of tritium as airborne and liquid effluents. Tritium is found in the atmosphere as 3 different chemical forms that are water vapor, hydrogen, and hydrocarbon. We report atmospheric tritium concentrations of 3 chemical species measured in the general environment of Japan.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81572070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Geochemical Characteristics of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor "Oklo" 古“欧克洛”核反应堆地球化学特征

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.99

H. Hidaka

{"title":"Geochemical Characteristics of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor \"Oklo\"","authors":"H. Hidaka","doi":"10.14494/JNRS2000.8.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS2000.8.99","url":null,"abstract":"The Oklo uranium deposit at the Republic of Gabon, central Africa, had partly functioned as natural fission reactors. Large-scale fission chain reactions spontaneously occurred at 16 separate areas in the Oklo deposit, so-called “reactor zones (hereafter RZs)”, two billion years ago, and sustained for 24,000 to 200,000 years. Two more RZs have been identified at the Okelobondo and Bangombé uranium deposits close to Oklo. Figure 1(a) shows a map of the Oklo and Okélobondo uranium deposits. Many elements of the Oklo RZs and the related samples show the variations in the isotopic composition caused by a combination of nuclear fission, neutron capture, and radioactive decay. Isotopic studies provide useful information to estimate reactor conditions and to understand behavior of radionuclides in geological media. The data are also of value in particle physics to examine time-variations of fundamental physical constants. Most of previous isotopic analyses for the Oklo studies were based on bulk analysis of the rock samples with chemical separation for individual elements. As the first stage of the Oklo study, retentivities of the most of the fissiogenic isotopes such as rare earth elements (REE), platinoid elements, and alkaline elements in the Oklo reactors were quantitatively determined from the isotopic data of the bulk analyses using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Although the bulk analyses have provided precise isotopic data, the results indicate average information in the samples. It is known that some kinds of fission products are heterogeneously distributed in uranium matrices, even if they have Geochemical Characteristics of an Ancient Nuclear Reactor “Oklo”","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82959987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development of Gas-jet Transport System Coupled to the RIKEN Gas-filled Recoil Ion Separator GARIS for Superheavy Element Chemistry 与理研充气反冲离子分离器GARIS耦合的超重元素化学气体射流输运系统的研制

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.55

H. Haba, D. Kaji, H. Kikunaga, T. Akiyama, N. Sato, K. Morimoto, A. Yoneda, K. Morita, T. Takabe, A. Shinohara

引用次数: 31

Microbial Transformations of Plutonium 钚的微生物转化

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.121

A. Francis, C. Dodge, T. Ohnuki

{"title":"Microbial Transformations of Plutonium","authors":"A. Francis, C. Dodge, T. Ohnuki","doi":"10.14494/JNRS2000.8.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS2000.8.121","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms have been detected in transuranic- and low-level radioactive wastes, Pu-contaminated soils, and in nuclear waste-repository sites. Microbial activity could affect the chemical nature of the Pu by altering the speciation, solubility, and sorption properties and thus could affect the stability and mobility of Pu in the environment. We investigated the biotransformation of Pu(IV)-citrate by Pseudomonas fluorescens under aerobic conditions. Characterization of 242 Pu(IV)-citrate by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) showed the presence of 1:1 mononuclear, 1:2 mononuclear biligand, and 2:2 dinuclear complex. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of Pu-citrate confirmed Pu in the IV oxidation state and predominantly present as a 1:2 mononuclear biligand complex. Citric acid was rapidly metabolized by P. fluorescens resulting in the formation of Pu polymer. Under anaerobic conditions, reductive dissolution of Pu(IV) to Pu(III) by Clostridium sp. was observed. The presence of Pu(III) was confirmed by XANES. Addition of Pu(VI) to a mixture consisting of bacterial cells and kaolinite clay showed that the Pu was preferentially associated with bacterial cells as Pu(IV) and that Pu(VI) was reduced to Pu(V) and Pu(IV) only in the presence of bacteria. Studies with Pu contaminated soils from Nevada Test Site showed remobilization of Pu and other radionuclides due to enhanced microbial activity.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"174 1","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76333270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Technological Development for Half-life Measurement of 146Sm Nuclide 146Sm核素半衰期测定技术进展

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.109

N. Kinoshita, T. Hashimoto, T. Nakanishi, A. Yokoyama, H. Amakawa, T. Mitsugashira, T. Ohtsuki, N. Takahashi, I. Ahmad, J. Greene, D. Henderson, C. Jiang, M. Notani, R. Pardo, N. Patel, K. Rehm, R. Scott, R. Vondrasek, L. Jisonna, P. Collon, D. Robertson, C. Schmitt, X. Tang, Y. Kashiv, M. Paul

{"title":"Technological Development for Half-life Measurement of 146Sm Nuclide","authors":"N. Kinoshita, T. Hashimoto, T. Nakanishi, A. Yokoyama, H. Amakawa, T. Mitsugashira, T. Ohtsuki, N. Takahashi, I. Ahmad, J. Greene, D. Henderson, C. Jiang, M. Notani, R. Pardo, N. Patel, K. Rehm, R. Scott, R. Vondrasek, L. Jisonna, P. Collon, D. Robertson, C. Schmitt, X. Tang, Y. Kashiv, M. Paul","doi":"10.14494/JNRS2000.8.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS2000.8.109","url":null,"abstract":"N. Kinoshita, T. Hashimoto, T. Nakanishi, A. Yokoyama, H. Amakawa, T. Mitsugashira, T. Ohtsuki, N. Takahashi,e I. Ahmad, J. P. Greene, D. J. Henderson,f C. L. Jiang,f M. Notani,f R. C. Pardo,f N. Patel,f K. E. Rehm,f R. Scott,f R. Vondrasek,f L. Jisonna,g P. Collon,h D. Robertson,h C. Schmitt,h X. D. Tang,h Y. Kashiv,i and M. Pauli aGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan b Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 164-8639, Japanc Institute for Material Research, Tohoku University, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan d Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan d Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan f(Physics Division , Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA gDepartment of Physics and Astronomy , Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA hDepartment of Physics , University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA i Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88926901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Determination of Trace Amount of Manganese in High-purity Iron 高纯铁中微量锰的测定

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.113

S. Sekimoto, Takayuki Kobayashi, K. Takamiya, S. Shibata

引用次数: 4

Counter Anion Effect on the Spin-crossover Behaviors of Two-dimensional Fe(II) Complexes with a Tripod Ligand Containing Three Imidazoles 反阴离子效应对含三咪唑的二维Fe(II)配合物自旋交叉行为的影响

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.85

S. Iijima, Hiroaki Hagiwara, Haruna Torigoe, N. Matsumoto

{"title":"Counter Anion Effect on the Spin-crossover Behaviors of Two-dimensional Fe(II) Complexes with a Tripod Ligand Containing Three Imidazoles","authors":"S. Iijima, Hiroaki Hagiwara, Haruna Torigoe, N. Matsumoto","doi":"10.14494/JNRS2000.8.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS2000.8.85","url":null,"abstract":"types of two-dimensional Fe(II) complexes, [Fe II H3L Me ][Fe II L Me ]X (X – = BF4 – , ClO4 – , PF6 – , NO3 – ) 1–4 and [Fe II H3L Me ]Cl·X (X – = PF6 – , AsF6 – , SbF6 – ) 5–7, where H3L Me denotes a hexadentate N6 tripod-like ligand containing three imidazole groups, tris[2-(((2-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylidene)amino)ethyl]amine. The molar fraction of high-spin Fe II versus total Fe II (γHS) was estimated from Mossbauer area intensities of each compound in different temperatures. The γHS-T plots for 1–4 indicated that these compounds exhibit a two-step spin crossover corresponding to (LS-[Fe II H3L Me ] 2+ + LS-[Fe II L Me ] – ) ↔ (HS-[Fe II H3L Me ] 2+ + LS-[Fe II L Me ] – ) ↔ (HS-[Fe II H3L Me ] 2+ + HS-[Fe II L Me ] – ) . The larger size of the counter anion separated the first and second spin crossover transitions in the [Fe II H3L Me ][Fe II L Me ]X system well. A variety of γHS-T curves depending on the counter anion was observed for [Fe II H3L Me ]Cl·X. It was suggested that a smaller counter anion stabilizes the 1/2(LS-[Fe II H3L Me ] 2+ + HS[Fe II H3L Me ] 2+ ) state in this system.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85553671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies on the Usefulness of Radioisotopes in Pharmaceutical Sciences 放射性同位素在制药科学中的应用研究

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.93

H. Sakurai

{"title":"Studies on the Usefulness of Radioisotopes in Pharmaceutical Sciences","authors":"H. Sakurai","doi":"10.14494/JNRS2000.8.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS2000.8.93","url":null,"abstract":"The use of radioisotopes and radiation is indispensable in the research of life science, especially in pharmaceutical sciences. Research topics in pharmaceutical sciences are mainly classified into three research fields as follows. (1) Trace elements in living systems and environment, where many kinds of tracers and neutron activation analysis are used. (2) Radioisotopes in the development of new pharmaceutics, where a wide variety of radioisotopes are needed for radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, pharmacokinetics, imaging by autoradiography, radioprobes, drug delivery systems, and gene technology. (3) Radiopharmaceutics in nuclear medicine, where not only in vitro and in vivo diagnostic radiopharmaceutics but also in vivo therapeutic radiopharmaceutics have extensively been developed. Since 1971, we have used many tracers, and performed neutron activation analysis (NAA) method (Table 1) to know the chemical action mechanism of radioprotective agents, uptake of trace elements and glucose into the cells and organs, state of essential trace elements in organs of animals, and metal incorporations in subcellular particles and organs in experimental animals that were treated with metallo-pharmaceutics as well as metal complexes as candidates for future metallo-pharmaceutics. This review article describes progress in our investigation on the research of pharmaceutical sciences, focusing on the following three topics. (i) Mixed disulfide formation catalyzed by Cu(II) in relation to the radioprotective ability of a radioprotector, cysteamine (2-mercaptoethylamine). (ii) Suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin of live animals given oral administrations of Zn(II) and its complexes in relation to the skin damage under ultra-violet (UV) light. (iii) Improvement of diabetes mellitus by insulin-mimetic vanadyl(IV) (VO(II)) complexes.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84182277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of On-line Solvent Extraction System with Microchips for Heavy Element Chemistry 重元素化学用微芯片在线溶剂萃取系统的研制

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.59

K. Ooe, Y. Tashiro, D. Saika, Y. Kitamoto, K. Matsuo, T. Takabe, T. Kuribayashi, N. Takahashi, T. Yoshimura, W. Sato, K. Takahisa, A. Shinohara

引用次数: 10

Peculiarities of Nuclear Fusion in Synthesis of Superheavy Elements 超重元素合成中核聚变的特点

Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-19 DOI: 10.14494/JNRS2000.8.63

A. Nasirov, G. Giardina, A. Muminov, G. Mandaglio, R. Utamuratov

引用次数: 0