Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Signaling in Simple Steatosis and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis: TGF-β1, YAP/TAZ, and Hedgehog Pathway Activity","authors":"Sina Mohagheghi, Z. Khajehahmadi, H. Tavilani","doi":"10.15171/ajmb.2018.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ajmb.2018.07","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver tissue that is usually associated with metabolic disorders. Traditionally, the disease is regarded as a spectrum of pathological conditions ranging from simple steatosis (SS) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis with progression to cirrhosis. However, so far, there is no available explanation for the disease progression. Several signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, hedgehog (HH), and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling are attributed to the NAFLD pathogenesis. TGF-β1 pathway component expression aligns with HH pathway ligands expression elevate in NASH cirrhosis while they decrease in SS. YAP and TAZ are two transcriptional co-activators from the Hippo signaling pathway. Similarly, the TAZ level (but not YAP1) is higher in NASH cirrhosis compared to SS. In addition, these three signaling pathways have little molecular similarity but their changes are totally similar in SS and NASH cirrhosis. The present review discusses the main changes in the expression of TGF-β, HH, and YAP/TAZ pathway components in SS and NASH cirrhosis. It is hoped that these data provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129380331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Exercise on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Histological Changes of Intestine After Morphine Withdrawal in Rats","authors":"I. Salehi, Ebrahim Zarrinkalam‎, F. Mirzaei, Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi, K. Ranjbar, S. S. Asl","doi":"10.15171/ajmb.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ajmb.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise on oxidative stress markers and histological changes of the intestine after morphine withdrawal in rats. Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) including healthy control, withdrawal (rat received morphine for 21 days and 8 weeks of withdrawal period), withdrawal + endurance exercises, withdrawal + resistance exercises, and withdrawal + concurrent exercises. The rats practiced endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercises for 10 weeks. Then, their intestines were removed and used for biochemical and histological analysis. Next, several factors were measured such as total protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Finally, the morphological alteration of intestine was examined under the light microscope. Results: Morphine withdrawal significantly increased the levels of MDA in the intestine of withdrawal rats compared to those of the control group while endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise reduced the MDA levels in the intestine. In addition, morphine withdrawal led to a decrease in TAC and GSH levels in the intestine compared to control rats whereas endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise noticeably increased TAC and GSH levels. Interestingly, the change in the concurrent group was more significant. Moreover, the levels of TOS demonstrated a significant increase in the addicted rat as compared to the control group. Conversely, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly decreased TOS levels and the reduction was more significant in the concurrent group. Finally, the intestine of withdrawal rat was morphologically abnormal while it restored by the exercise. Conclusion: Overall, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly normalized oxidative stress and the morphological changes of the intestine in withdrawal rats.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"408 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122406262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophoretic Profile of Serum Proteins Using Capillary Technique in Patients Attending the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon","authors":"Judith Gwladys Ekwe Priso, Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o, C. Okalla Ebongue, E. Ngouadjeu Dongho Tsakeu, Catherine Akono Ndi, G. Beyiha, Marie Solange Doualla, D. Adiogo","doi":"10.15171/ajmb.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ajmb.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Electrophoresis of serum proteins is an orientation examination routinely used in clinical practice. For a few years, agarose gel electrophoresis has tended to be replaced with capillary electrophoresis owing to an increase in the accuracy of results. However, this technique is uncommon and is not widely used in Cameroon. Objectives: The research aimed at studying the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins using capillary technique among patients attending the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Methods: Capillary electrophoresis was used to carry out tests on blood samples from any inpatients and outpatients and fasting for 8-12 hours. Capillary electrophoresis of serum samples was used for the separation of proteins into six fractions and the total protidemia of each serum samples was determined using the Biuret method. Results were interpreted by observing the shape of curves and quantitative variations in each fraction of the different serum proteins. Results: A total of 311 patients participated in the study. The sampled population aged 50±18 years on average and consisted of 55.3% men and 44.7% women. All capillary electrophoresis profiles presented six protein fractions, namely, albumin, alpha (1 and 2), beta (1 and 2) and gamma globulins. Pathological disorders were diagnosed in 290 patients and 21 patients had normal results. Inflammatory syndromes accounted for 63.34% and monoclonal gammopathies for 10.29% the main pathological disorder identified. Conclusion: Capillary electrophoresis provides a more precise identification of biological syndromes and clear distinction of the six fractions of each protein. Monoclonal profiles and inflammatory syndromes were well detected. A prevalence of 10.29% was determined for gammopathies.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124136566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of Ranitidine Interference With Morphine Detection Test by Thin-Layer Chromatography","authors":"A. Miri, A. Karami, Fourogh Nadi, F. Zeraati","doi":"10.15171/AJMB.2018.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/AJMB.2018.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug abuse is a global and critical problem. One of the most frequent practices done in order to detect the drugs of abuse is Urine Drug Screen. However, for changing the drug test results, adulterants and urine substitutes are being designed. As the referring people’s background has shown, ranitidine is one of the interfering drugs in morphine detection test. Therefore, in the present study, the interference of ranitidine in morphine detection test will be studied. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers who had not used any kind of drug for 72 hours before the test were recruited into the study. First, 2 doses of ranitidine (150 and 300 mg) were administered to the subjects orally and 100-mL urine samples were collected from them before and after taking ranitidine. The second urine sample was collected at 6-8 am. Ten micrograms morphine was added to both urine samples of each individual. The urine samples were tested using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique. The experiment was repeated after 1 week using ranitidine 300 mg. Results: The TLC test was carried out on 40 urine samples. Twenty samples were tested before and, the rest, after ranitidine consumption. The TLC test results were positive before ranitidine consumption but negative for 18 samples and positive for two samples after taking ranitidine. Conclusion: Ranitidine may change the urine morphine screening test results via TLC method and induce a false negative result.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127305438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Whole Plant Extract of Pergularia daemia on Glycoproteins in Dimethylbenz(A)Anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis","authors":"Vaithiyanathan Veluchamy, M. Sankaran","doi":"10.15171/AJMB.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/AJMB.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major component of a diverse group of neoplasms often referred to as ‘head and neck cancer’. Frequent smoking and/or alcohol consumption are two major risk factors for oral cancer. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of Pergularia daemia ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts (PDEAE and PDME, respectively) on glycoproteins in dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Male golden Syrian hamsters were used and divided into six groups. Group 2 carried 0.5% 7,12-DMBA painting on left buccal pouch. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with DMBA and 300 mg/kg bwt of PDEAE and PDME by intragastric administration. Remaining groups served as untreated control. All the experiments were performed within 14 weeks. Results: Body weight loss and 100% tumor incidence were observed treated hamsters with DMBA alone, whereas administration of PDEAE and PDME in animals with oral cancer caused significant alterations in body weight and tumor incidence. Further, plasma and buccal pouch tissue glycoprotein levels were increased and erythrocyte glycoprotein levels were depleted in DMBA treated hamsters. The levels were significantly reversed in hamsters treated with PDEAE and PDME at 300 mg/kg bwt. Conclusion: PDEAE and PDME produce a significant protective effect against DMBA induced oral cancer by altering glycoproteins levels.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129866618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Olea europaea Fruit Extracts on Metabolic Disorders Associated With Sucrose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats","authors":"A. Ahangarpour, Fatemeh Ramezani Ali-Akbari","doi":"10.15171/AJMB.2018.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/AJMB.2018.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of diabetes. Olea europaea fruit exerts protective effects on metabolic disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of O. europaea fruit extracts on sucrose-induced MetS in rats. Methods: Male adult Wistar rats (200±50 g, n=32) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) consisting of control group, untreated sucrose group (sucrose 50% in drinking water for 10 weeks), sucrose plus aqueous extract of O. europaea fruit treated group (200 mg/kg) and sucrose plus hydroalcoholic extract of O. europaea fruit treated group (200 mg/kg) by gavage for 2 weeks. Body weight, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hepatic enzymes were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, SPSS, 16.0). P<0.05 was regarded as significance level. Results: The aqueous extract exhibited higher protective effects on serum glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR than hydroalcoholic extract (P<0.05). Body weight, serum glucose, leptin (P<0.01), insulin, triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), HOMA-IR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (P<0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.05) significantly elevated but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.05) decreased in the sucrose group. Aqueous extract of O. europaea fruit significantly improved blood glucose, triglyceride, VLDL-C (P<0.01), insulin, HOMA-IR, ALP (P<0.001), body weight, AST and leptin (P<0.05) levels. Hydroalcoholic extract of O. europaea fruit significantly restored insulin, HOMA-IR (P<0.01), ALP (P<0.001), body weight, leptin, VLDL-C, triglyceride, blood glucose and AST (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated O. europaea fruit extracts could improve metabolic disorders induced by MetS in the rats.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133822746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and Diagnosis of Diabetes by Using Data Mining Techniques","authors":"Seyede Somayeh Mirzajani, S. Salimi","doi":"10.15171/AJMB.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/AJMB.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases in the world. Complications of this disease include nephropathy, cardiac arrest, blindness, and even mutilation of the body. The accurate diagnosis of this condition is very important. Objectives: This study was to identify and provide a model for diagnosis of DM using data mining. Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from 768 women aged 21-83 year old. Nine variables were selected for investigation. The neural network, Basin network, C5.0, and support vector machine models were compared for predicting diabetes and their precision to this end. Clementine 12 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The proposed method for classification of records with the C5.0 algorithm for accuracy data is 80.2% and for accuracy data 87.5%. In comparison with similar studies, it was better to diagnose people with diabetes, while glucose, body mass index and age variables were important in this study. Conclusion: The C5.0 algorithm showed the highest value of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity compared with other methods studied. Therefore, the C5.0 algorithm probably performs the best classification among other algorithms and is recommended as the best method for diabetes prediction using available data.","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134422685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Advanced Glycation End-Products and Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"J. Karimi","doi":"10.15171/AJMB.2018.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/AJMB.2018.01","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":165658,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130717696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}