{"title":"Rule Three: Apply Lighter, Greener, Smarter Infrastructure","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_6","url":null,"abstract":"The principal author has spent much of his life unpacking the history and practice of our current commitment to overwrought infrastructure, particularly as it relates to transportation and stormwater practices, leading him to conclude that urban designers can and must play an important role in mitigating the extensive material, financial, social, and ecological costs of our out-of-date infrastructure practices. Here is how.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128992961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rule One: See the City as a System","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_4","url":null,"abstract":"Here is a story about why it’s important for urban designers to see the city not as a machine for living, as Le Corbusier would state it, but as an organic system, as Jane Jacobs would have it. In 1954 the City of St. Louis hired Minoru Yamasaki, one of the world’s most respected architects of the time, to build a state-of-the-art housing project for the poor to be named after Wendell O. Pruitt, an African American fighter pilot in World War II, and William L. Igoe, a former U.S. congressman. Eventually the name was shortened to simply “Pruitt–Igoe,” a name that became synonymous with urban design failure.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128570315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban Design Responses to the Three Great Waves","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_3","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of these three waves already transforming cities, we can clearly discern two fundamental types of development: formal and informal. By 2050 an additional four billion people will live in cities. This number will include all of the world’s new population, including both migrants to cities and internal births. Rural populations will decline almost everywhere. About a third of this new urban population will find a place in already developed areas, filling in and densifying existing cities. Another third of them will find a home in entirely new planned or “formal” districts. The last third, or 1.3 billion, will find a home in unplanned, or “informal” districts.1 Assuming an average family size in line with global averages of five persons per household,2 new urban inhabitants will need around 800 million dwelling units, two thirds of that on currently un-urbanized sites. At sustainable middle level densities of about fifteen dwelling units per acre, the 530 million new dwelling units built on new land would consume 35 million acres, or about 55,000 square miles. That is about the size of the state of Michigan. That’s a lot of new urban area to design. It can be argued that all of that new development should be in the form of infill, squeezing new units into the footprint of existing cities, but many global cities will increase by a factor of ten in the next 40 years, presenting impossible barriers for pure infill. This is not to say that infill is unimportant, especially in the developed world, where urban space has often been squandered to feed the rapacious appetites of the urban sprawl machine.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rule Five: Adapt to Shifts in Jobs, Retail, and Wages","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_8","url":null,"abstract":"In the developed world we take for granted that the city is separated into functional zones organized by land use law: a commercial zone here, a residential district there, and over there, as far away as possible, an industrial zone. We tend to forget that the “rationalization” of land use is a largely 20th-century phenomenon and one that is largely confined to the so-called Industrial West. This radical segregation of the landscape of work from the landscape of shopping or home is being rapidly undercut by global shifts in the nature of work and who derives the economic benefits of these labors. As intelligent and semi-intelligent computer-aided tools eliminate middle-level skill occupations, we are left with a stratified workforce of highly specialized and highly paid workers in finance, technology, medicine, and engineering on one hand and a much larger cohort of low-skill, poorly paid service workers on the other. We now find that a new generation of wage earners, the Millennials, face a job market where stagnant salaries are the norm, secure employment increasingly rare, large student loan obligations common, and elevated housing costs nearly universal.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122209577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rule Two: Recognize Patterns in Urban Environments","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_5","url":null,"abstract":"As in so many things, Jane Jacobs was the first to clearly identify our tendency to oversimplify the complexity of the city and why she advanced the practice of looking for patterns in the complex tapestry of the city instead. In her seminal 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jacobs devotes the concluding chapter to this issue.1 In “The Kind of Problem a City Is,” drawing on the work of Dr. Warren Weaver, Jacobs argues that cities have a number of observable patterns of use, each one understandable on its own, but because each one is linked to so many others, one can never fully understand the complete workings of the entire network, even though it’s obviously true that all these patterns are somehow related.2 What we can know for sure is that cities are not pure disorder but are unified and functioning wholes—wholes that are more or less efficient and more or less complex, but still wholes. The fact that we do not have the mental capacity to fully decode this unified whole does not mean that the parts we don’t understand have no value. Obviously they must.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127235893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Three Waves That Are Changing Cities Forever","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_2","url":null,"abstract":"Three major trends are affecting the development of tomorrow’s cities. These three waves will crash with different effects in cities of the developed and developing world. But in the end both types of cities seem destined to develop dramatic similarities in future decades.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rule Four: Strengthen Social Resilience through Affordable Housing Design","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6_7","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience as a concept emerged from systems science and the study of how ecological systems adapted to often random perturbations. For architects and building owners it is about buildings adapting to a not entirely predictable future. Urban designers must also imagine how the larger city district might adapt to future physical, economic, and social change.","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134317360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities: Design in an Age of Urban Migration, Demographic Change, and a Disappearing","authors":"P. Condon","doi":"10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-961-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":165521,"journal":{"name":"Five Rules for Tomorrow’s Cities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130559260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}