Air Pollution XXVI最新文献

{"title":"IMPACT OF SO2 SHIPPING EMISSIONS ON AIR QUALITY: THE AIRSHIP PROJECT","authors":"A. Monteiro, M. Russo, C. Gama, C. Borrego","doi":"10.2495/AIR180401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180401","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its dependence on fossil fuel combustion, emissions from the marine transport sector can significantly contribute to air pollution. The AIRSHIP research project (http://airship.web.ua.pt/) aims to evaluate this contribution and how it affects air quality in Europe, and over Portugal in particular, using a numerical air quality modelling approach with high-resolution emission data. Emissions from the MACC project inventory were compiled and pre-processed at hourly and high spatial resolutions. Scenarios with and without the maritime emissions were then simulated with the WRF-CHIMERE modelling system, amply tested and validated for both simulation domains, in order to evaluate its impact on air quality. This modelling system was applied for Europe (27x27 km2) and Portugal (3x3 km2) domains, using nesting approach. The talk will focus on presenting part of the work of the research project, namely regarding the comparison of the modelling results (with and without considering maritime emissions) for Europe and Portugal domains, with focus on SO2 pollutant, one of the most critical pollutants associated to shipping activity. The main differences/impacts for SO2 are located over the international shipping routes and major ports. The modelling results also indicate that the two main hotspots areas are located in the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. Over Portugal domain, the impact of these maritime emissions reaches the coast and is responsible for deltas of SO2 superior to 2 μg.m-3.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133770809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 AND CH4 URBAN PLUME OVER A MEDITERRANEAN SEMI-NATURAL SITE IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA","authors":"B. Fernández-Duque, I. Pérez, M. García, Nuria Pardo, M. L. Sánchez","doi":"10.2495/AIR180491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180491","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Ministry of Competitiveness and ERDF funds (projects CGL2009-11979 and CGL2014-53948P)","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIR POLLUTANTS, EMISSIONS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT AT CITY LEVEL: THE CLAIRCITY PROJECT","authors":"C. Trozzi, E. Piscitello, R. Vaccaro","doi":"10.2495/AIR180251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180251","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports about integrated quantification of air pollutants emissions and carbon footprint in the frame of Horizon 2020 Project ClairCity. ClairCity is a four year project (2016–2020) working directly with citizens and local authorities in six countries around Europe. In the project sixteen partner organisations are involved. From the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, great attention has been devoted to reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emissions at the international level and specific initiatives at city level have been launched. At the same time despite continued efforts to reduce emissions of harmful air pollutants, air pollution remains a worldwide concern, including in large areas of Europe, particularly in cities where the effects on human health are the major concerns. For a long time, policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gases emissions and those aimed at improving air quality have been indifferent to one another if not in contradiction. Inside ClairCity project a complete innovative set of tools for the integrated evaluation of air pollution and carbon footprint at city level was designed and developed. The approach for air pollutants emissions evaluation follow the well developed methodology from EMEP-EEA Task force on emission inventory and projections. The emission inventory is finalized to evaluate pollution to a very detailed activities levels and territorial domains . Emissions evaluation methodology and emission factors are collected and a modelling framework to obtain territorially disaggregated emissions is introduced. For carbon footprint different approaches are followed by the project with reference to the use of conventional emission factors and lyfe cycle emission factors. In the paper methodologies for emission inventory and carbon footprint evaluations are introduced. Bristol and Amsterdam baseline scenario case studies results are reported with reference to emission inventory of industrial, residential and commercial sources and for overal city level carbon footprint. The output of the activities will be the input for air quality, people exposure and health effects modeling,","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124481930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER DATA IN DOHA, QATAR","authors":"C. Taylor, A. Yousif, Kassim S. Mwitondi","doi":"10.2495/AIR180101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180101","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution in Doha is measured using passive, active and automatic sampling. In this paper we consider data automatically sampled in which various pollutants were continually collected and analysed every hour. At each station the sample is analysed on-line and in real time and the data is stored within the analyser, or a separate logger so it can be downloaded remotely by a modem. The accuracy produced enables pollution episodes to be analysed in detail and related to traffic flows, meteorology and other variables. Data has been collected hourly over more than 6 years at 3 different locations, with measurements available for various pollutants – for example, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, THC, methane and particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10), as well as meteorological data such as humidity, temperature, and wind speed and direction. Despite much care in the data collection process, the resultant data has long stretches of missing values, when the equipment has malfunctioned – often as a result of more extreme conditions. Our analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider ways to “clean” the data, by imputing missing values, including identified outliers. The second aspect specifically considers prediction of each particulate (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) 24 hours ahead, using current (and previous) pollution and meteorological data. In this case, we use vector autoregressive models, compare with decision trees and propose variable selection criteria which explicitly adapt to missing data. Our results show that the regression tree models, with no variable transformations, perform the best, and that attempts to impute missing values are hampered by non-random missingness.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122089355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLLURISK: AN INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORM TO INVESTIGATE HEALTH IMPACTS OF AIR QUALITY","authors":"P. Coll, M. Cazaunau, J. Boczkowski, M. Zysman, J. Doussin, A. Gratien, G. Derumeaux, M. Pini, C. D. Biagio, E. Pangui, C. Gaimoz, Sophie Hue, F. Relaix, Audrey Der Vatanian, I. Coll, V. Michoud, P. Formenti, G. Foret, Laurence Thavaratnasingam, A. Amar, M. Lacavalerie, M. Mäder, S. Lanone","doi":"10.2495/AIR180521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180521","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 3.7 million premature deaths due to air pollution in 2014, confirming that air pollution is a great environmental risk to health. Air pollution is responsible for a loss of more than 3% of productivity (via premature death, incapacity for work due to diseases, etc.). The studies conducted so far show that the effects of air pollution on health depend not only on the quality of the surrounding air, but also on the subjects exposed and their individual vulnerability (asthma, COPD, obesity, etc.). Despite the evidence on the adverse health effects of exposure to air micro-pollutants there are still uncertainties about the nature of these effects and progress to be made on their quantification. This limitation of our knowledge is mainly attributed to the complexity of the polluted atmospheres, and to the great difficulty to model the impact of realistic situations of exposure. Among the constituents of air pollution individually associated with deleterious effects on health, we consider gaseous pollutants (O3, SO2, CO, NOx, VOC ...) and particles (PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine). In order to realistically simulate atmospheric mixtures in all their complexity in the laboratory, environmental chemists have developed photo-reactors that are equipped to reproduce and control atmospheric processes such as solar radiation, concentrations of species and the timely injection of aerosols and gases. These atmospheric simulation chambers thus offer the possibility of studying the myriad of products resulting from the atmospheric oxidation of primary compounds. Using CESAM, an atmospheric simulation chamber (cesam.cnrs.fr), we have developed a totally innovative platform for exposing mice to realistic atmospheric conditions. Here we present the first toxicological analyses of the organs of these mice after 48 hours of exposure, carried out as part of feasibility experiments aimed at testing this experimental concept, as well as other preliminary results.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNDERSTANDING THE CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR OF PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS USING NONLINEAR TECHNIQUES","authors":"Giovanni Salini","doi":"10.2495/AIR180121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180121","url":null,"abstract":"We have made a comparative study about the nonlinear behaviour of PM2.5 hourly average concentrations, which were measured at some of the most polluted mid-sized cities located in the South of Chile. The chosen cities were Chillán, Coyhaique and Temuco where high PM2.5 concentrations concentrated in the winter season are caused by the intensive use of wood for heating. The city of Cochabamba, Bolivia, has also been included in this study, due to its very high level of atmospheric pollution by PM10 (especially in the winter season).This city is at a greater height compared to the Chilean cities. Using nonlinear tools, as Wavelet, Recurrence Plots, and Phase Portrait we have investigated the behaviour of PM2.5 and PM10 (hourly) concentrations. Wavelet spectrum and global amplitude for the more polluted cities in study was calculated. Spectral descomposition was performed in time-frecuency through Morlet’s wavelet transform and their global amplitud in time and energy, concentrated around the most importants peaks. On the other hand, a graphical tool that shows typical patterns of dynamic behaviour is the recurrence graph allowing extraction of qualitative characteristics from time series. This method was applied for all cities in study showing patterns that differ from a noisy or random signal. Also the technique of phase-portrait analysis was implemented, showing typical dynamical patterns of non-linear time series, different to a noisy signal pattern. Finally, it was found that hourly airborne particle concentrations exhibit a possible chaotic behaviour, related to short-term predictability some hours ahead.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131087640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIR POLLUTION IN THE AVEIRO REGION, PORTUGAL: A CITIZENS’ ENGAGEMENT APPROACH","authors":"S. Coelho, V. Rodrigues, J. Barnes, Corra Boushel, Laura Devito, M. Lopes","doi":"10.2495/AIR180241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180241","url":null,"abstract":"© 2018 WIT Press. Air pollution has become a growing concern in the past few years, with an increasing number of acute air pollution episodes in many cities worldwide. In Portugal, especially in the region of Aveiro, high concentrations of particulate matter are frequently recorded, being one of the most critical air pollutants. Health impacts related with citizens' exposure to particulate matter has been threatening human health, increasing mortality and morbidity and contributing to a broad range of negative health outcomes. Different causes are attributed to air pollution over Portugal: agricultural, forest fires and dust emissions from Sahara Desert, amongst the natural emission sources, and road-traffic, residential combustion and industrial emissions, amongst the anthropogenic emission sources. Citizens' behaviour has a main role on air quality management. Each day individual choices, such as transportation or residential heating, have direct impact on air pollutant emissions. Therefore, citizens' play an important role to mitigate air pollution problems in their cities. However, the first step is to increase citizens' receptiveness about their contribution to the problem and, at the same time, to engage and empower them to contribute to the solutions. Aveiro Region is one of the case studies of ClairCity (Citizen-led air pollution reduction in cities) project. The project developed several activities to engage citizens on air pollution and carbon emissions issues. This work focus on the Delphi-like approach that includes surveys and workshops, to find out about people's lives in Aveiro Region and their vision for a low carbon, clean air and healthy future region. This paper presents an overview about air pollution in Aveiro region as well as the activities of the Delphi survey to see how citizens perceive this problem and their role on future air quality management.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132399991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OZONE EPISODES OVER THE SOUTHEAST IBERIAN COAST: ORIGIN AND RECYCLING BETWEEN TWO SEAS","authors":"Pedro LOPEZ-MUÑOZ, Ángel Rodríguez, David Cartelle, J. M. Vellón, José Antonio Varela González, J. Casares","doi":"10.2495/AIR180441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180441","url":null,"abstract":"Episodes of high tropospheric ozone concentration in the southeast coast of Iberian Peninsula during 2015 were identified together with associated synoptic conditions, and their most probable origins were determined by means of different atmospheric modelling simulations and data analysis. Most of episodes in this study were associated with high pressures and temperatures, not only over the southeast coast but also over the whole southern Iberian region, which are favourable to the ozone photochemical production. The tropospheric ozone levels detected are mainly due to the transport of ozone from the Eastern Iberian coast. However, Atlantic winds through the Strait of Gibraltar also produce recycling over the study region, and locally increase the ozone levels over the southeast coast of the Iberian","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130967787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPLEMENTING AIR-POLLUTION AND HEALTH-DAMAGE COSTS IN URBAN MULTI-ENERGY SYSTEMS MODELLING","authors":"M. Ravina, E. Patti, Lorenzo Bottaccioli, D. Panepinto, A. Acquaviva, M. Zanetti","doi":"10.2495/AIR180091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180091","url":null,"abstract":"The growing global urbanization rate implies that the sustainability challenges are increasingly concentrated in cities. At today, around 75% of global energy is consumed in urban areas, so efforts must be addressed to transform existing urban energy systems into more sustainable systems. In this perspective, a key aspect to evolve toward a cleaner and affordable energy system is the development of Multi-Energy Systems (MES) modelling, whereby heat, electricity, fuels, transport, and other energy carriers closely interact with each other at various scales. MES can optimize technical, economic and environmental performance with respect to “traditional” independent energy systems, at both the operational and the planning stage. This paper presents a development of the existing MESsi modelling platform, consisting in the implementation of a model estimating the impacts on air quality and human health. MESsi is a novel distributed infrastructure for modelling and co-simulating Multi-EnergySystems. It exploits modern software design patterns (i.e. microservices) to guarantee scalability, extendibility and easy maintenance of the system. Thus, MESsi is flexible in modelling and cosimulating different energy flows in a single solution made of different interoperable modules that can be deployed in a plug-and-play fashion. The module to be implemented in MESsi infrastructure is the DIATI integrated dispersion and externalities model (DIDEM). The DIDEM model is based on the impact pathway approach, linking the simulation of pollutants dispersion to the concentrationexposure-response functions provided by latest WHO recommendations. An overview of the potential integration steps in the modelling infrastructure is described in this paper. A discussion on possible application scenarios that have different spatio-temporal resolutions is also reported. The integration of DIDEM model in MESsi platform allows the inter-connection of a detailed impact assessment to a high-level energy system simulation.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130637706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACILITATING STAKEHOLDER DIALOGUES ON A CARBON NEUTRAL CITY: WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT CARBON (AND AIR QUALITY)","authors":"E. Prestwood, J. Longhurst, Ian. Townsend, Thomas Haines, Eleftheria Tsiarapa","doi":"10.2495/AIR180461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180461","url":null,"abstract":"© 2018 WIT Press. The issues surrounding successful public engagement with climate change mitigation policy and decision-making have been extensively researched and identified as barriers to long-term civic and civil engagement. The challenge of transforming our urban spaces to mitigate and adapt to climate change was a key theme of the Bristol Urban ID project, which explored the “business as usual” approaches in policy, practice and engagement that limit truly transformational actions. As part of the project, a Carbon Neutral Bristol 2050 roundtable was held with civic leaders and stakeholders. Discussions focussed on defining carbon neutrality targets, “scopes” and boundaries for Bristol, exploring the opportunity for Bristol to be a carbon neutral city leader, how to build political, business and citizen space for engagement with carbon neutrality, and the role of Bristol Green Capital Partnership (BGCP), a cross-sector network of over 800 organisation working for a sustainable city, as an enabler and facilitator of change. The findings demonstrate a need for organisations working on interconnected environmental, social and wellbeing, and economic issues in cities, such as carbon neutrality and air pollution, to communicate and collaborate. Partnership working is essential to improving city-wide engagement in carbon and air quality management decision making, and to developing integrated city sustainability management strategies that recognise co-benefits and trade-offs. A set of guidelines highlight the need to create political space for people and organisations to talk about carbon and air pollution to develop city plans.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114721567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}