Journal of neurobiology最新文献_第10页

Apoptosis during sexual differentiation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat brain. 大鼠脑终纹床核性别分化过程中的细胞凋亡。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-06-05

W C Chung, D F Swaab, G J De Vries

{"title":"Apoptosis during sexual differentiation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat brain.","authors":"W C Chung, D F Swaab, G J De Vries","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) in the rat forebrain differs between males and females. To test whether apoptosis may contribute to the development of sex differences in the BST, the incidence of apoptosis was determined in sham-treated males and sham-treated females sacrificed on postnatal days (PN) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 (PN 1 being day of birth). More apoptotic nuclei were found in the principal nucleus of the BST (BSTpr) in females than in males, whereas the reverse was true for the lateral division of the BST (BSTl). Moreover, the volume of the BSTpr was larger in males than in females, whereas there was no sex difference in the volume of the BSTl. Our results also confirmed earlier reports indicating that the incidence of apoptosis in the central part of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc) is higher in females than in males. No sex difference in apoptosis was found in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The volume of the MPNc and VMH was larger in males than in females, whereas the PVN volume did not differ between males and females. To test whether sex differences in neonatal levels of gonadal steroids may cause sex differences in the incidence of apoptosis in the BSTpr, the incidence of apoptosis was compared between castrated males and females that were treated with testosterone propionate or vehicle on the day of birth. In the BSTpr of gonadal steroid-treated animals, the incidence of apoptosis was lower when compared to animals treated with vehicle, which was also true for the MPNc. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that gonadal steroids contribute to the sexually dimorphic differentiation of the BST by controlling the incidence of apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":16540,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurobiology","volume":"43 3","pages":"234-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of captivity and testosterone on the volumes of four brain regions in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). 圈养和睾酮对黑眼junco (junco hyemalis)四个脑区体积的影响。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-06-05

T V Smulders, J M Casto, V Nolan, E D Ketterson, T J DeVoogd

引用次数: 0

Effects of captivity and testosterone on the volumes of four brain regions in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). 圈养和睾酮对黑眼junco (junco hyemalis)四个脑区体积的影响。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(20000605)43:3<244::AID-NEU3>3.0.CO;2-#

Tom V. Smulders, Tom V. Smulders, J. Casto, V. Nolan, E. Ketterson, T. Devoogd

引用次数: 60

Seasonal expression of androgen receptors, estrogen receptors, and aromatase in the canary brain in relation to circulating androgens and estrogens. 金丝雀大脑中雄激素受体、雌激素受体和芳香化酶的季节性表达与循环雄激素和雌激素的关系。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-06-05

L Fusani, T Van't Hof, J B Hutchison, M Gahr

{"title":"Seasonal expression of androgen receptors, estrogen receptors, and aromatase in the canary brain in relation to circulating androgens and estrogens.","authors":"L Fusani, T Van't Hof, J B Hutchison, M Gahr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Songbirds have a complex neural network for learning and production of song, namely the neural song system. Several nuclei of the song system contain androgen receptors (AR), and the neostriatal nucleus HVc also contains alpha type estrogen receptors (ER). Many songbird species show seasonal changes in both song and the neural song system that are correlated with seasonal variations in the circulating levels of gonadal steroids. However, there is increasing evidence that the sensitivity of the song system to gonadal steroids also changes seasonally. This could involve changes in the expression and activity of steroid receptors and steroid-metabolizing enzymes, such as the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase (AROM). The seasonal regulation of brain AR, ER, and AROM has not been studied before in the same individual songbirds. In this work, we compared plasma levels of androgens and estrogens, the expression level of AR-, ER-, and AROM-mRNA in the telencephalon, and brain AROM activity in male canaries between autumn (November) and spring (April) periods of high singing activity. Plasma levels of androgens and estrogens were higher in April than in November. The expression level of ER in HVc was higher in November than in April. In contrast, the expression level of AROM in the caudomedial neostriatum was higher in April than in November. However, we found no seasonal differences in the level of expression of AR and the volume of HVc as delimited by AR expression. Thus, AR expression in HVc was not correlated with circulating androgen levels. This study shows that both steroid-dependent and -independent seasonal factors regulate the action of gonadal hormones on the song system. In addition, we report a new site of AROM expression in the songbird brain, the nucleus interfacialis.","PeriodicalId":16540,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurobiology","volume":"43 3","pages":"254-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colocalization of doublecortin with the microtubules: an ex vivo colocalization study of mutant doublecortin. 双皮质素与微管的共定位:突变双皮质素的离体共定位研究。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-05-01

K Yoshiura, Y Noda, A Kinoshita, N Niikawa

引用次数: 0

Gal-NCAM is a differentially expressed marker for mature sensory neurons in the rat olfactory system. Gal-NCAM是大鼠嗅觉系统成熟感觉神经元的差异表达标记物。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-05-01

L Pays, G Schwarting

引用次数: 0

Gal‐NCAM is a differentially expressed marker for mature sensory neurons in the rat olfactory system Gal - NCAM是大鼠嗅觉系统中成熟感觉神经元的差异表达标记物

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(200005)43:2<173::AID-NEU7>3.0.CO;2-#

L. Pays, G. Schwarting

引用次数: 13

Identified motor terminals in Drosophila larvae show distinct differences in morphology and physiology. 已鉴定的运动终端在果蝇幼虫的形态和生理上有明显的差异。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-05-01

G A Lnenicka, H Keshishian

{"title":"Identified motor terminals in Drosophila larvae show distinct differences in morphology and physiology.","authors":"G A Lnenicka, H Keshishian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In Drosophila, the type I motor terminals innervating the larval ventral longitudinal muscle fibers 6 and 7 have been the most popular preparation for combining synaptic studies with genetics. We have further characterized the normal morphological and physiological properties of these motor terminals and the influence of muscle size on terminal morphology. Using dye-injection and physiological techniques, we show that the two axons supplying these terminals have different innervation patterns: axon 1 innervates only muscle fibers 6 and 7, whereas axon 2 innervates all of the ventral longitudinal muscle fibers. This difference in innervation pattern allows the two axons to be reliably identified. The terminals formed by axons 1 and 2 on muscle fibers 6 and 7 have the same number of branches; however, axon 2 terminals are approximately 30% longer than axon 1 terminals, resulting in a corresponding greater number of boutons for axon 2. The axon 1 boutons are approximately 30% wider than the axon 2 boutons. The excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) produced by axon 1 is generally smaller than that produced by axon 2, although the size distributions show considerable overlap. Consistent with vertebrate studies, there is a correlation between muscle fiber size and terminal size. For a single axon, terminal area and length, the number of terminal branches, and the number of boutons are all correlated with muscle fiber size, but bouton size is not. During prolonged repetitive stimulation, axon 2 motor terminals show synaptic depression, whereas axon 1 EPSPs facilitate. The response to repetitive stimulation appears to be similar at all motor terminals of an axon.","PeriodicalId":16540,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurobiology","volume":"43 2","pages":"186-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21619974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The fight and flight responses of crickets depleted of biogenic amines. 耗尽生物胺的蟋蟀的战斗和逃跑反应。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-05-01

P A Stevenson, H A Hofmann, K Schoch, K Schildberger

{"title":"The fight and flight responses of crickets depleted of biogenic amines.","authors":"P A Stevenson, H A Hofmann, K Schoch, K Schildberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aggressive and escape behaviors were analysed in crickets (Orthoptera) treated with either reserpine, a nonspecific depleter of biogenic amines, or the synthesis inhibitors alpha-methyltryptophan (AMTP) and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT) to specifically deplete serotonin, respectively dopamine and octopamine. Standard immunocytochemical techniques were used to verify depletion from central nervous tissue, and determine the effective dosages. Reserpinized crickets became exceedingly lethargic and had severely depressed escape responses. However, they were still able to express all the major elements of the escalating sequences of stereotype motor performances that typifies normal aggressive behavior in the cricket. AMT and AMTP treatment had opposing influences on escape behavior, being enhanced by serotonin depletion, but depressed by dopamine/octopamine depletion. AMTP-induced serotonin depletion had no influence on aggressive or submissive behaviors. AMT-treated crickets could normally only be brought to fight by coaxing. Though capable of expressing aggressive behavior per se, agonistic encounters between AMT-treated crickets were shorter, and rarely involved actual physical interactions. Hence, although amines seem to have similar actions on escape behavior in insects and crustaceans, the aminergic control of aggression seems to be fundamentally different in these arthropods groups. We conclude that amines are not in principle required for the initiation and operation of the motor circuits underlying aggression in the cricket. However, octopamine and/or dopamine seem necessary for establishing a level of excitability sufficient for aggressive behavior to become overt in response to appropriate natural releasing stimuli.","PeriodicalId":16540,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurobiology","volume":"43 2","pages":"107-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21620050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Matrix metalloproteinase-3 removes agrin from synaptic basal lamina. 基质金属蛋白酶-3从突触基底层去除蛋白。

Journal of neurobiology Pub Date : 2000-05-01

M VanSaun, M J Werle

{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-3 removes agrin from synaptic basal lamina.","authors":"M VanSaun, M J Werle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Agrin, a heparin sulfate proteoglycan, is an integral member of the synaptic basal lamina and plays a critical role in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. The N-terminal region of agrin binds tightly to basal lamina, while the C-terminal region interacts with a muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) to induce the formation of the postsynaptic apparatus. Although the binding of agrin to basal lamina is tight, the binding of agrin to MuSK has yet to be shown; therefore, basal lamina binding is critical for maintaining the presentation of agrin to MuSK. Here we report evidence that supports our hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is responsible for the removal of agrin from synaptic basal lamina. Antibodies to the hinge region of human MMP-3 recognize molecules concentrated at the frog neuromuscular junction in both cross sections and whole mounts. Electron microscopy of neuromuscular junctions stained with antibodies to MMP-3 reveals that staining is found in the extracellular matrix surrounding the Schwann cell. Treatment of sections from frog anterior tibialis muscle with MMP-3 results in a clear and reproducible removal of agrin immunoreactivity from synaptic basal lamina. The same MMP-3 treatment does not alter anti-laminin staining. These results support our hypothesis that synaptic activity results in the activation of MMP-3 at the neuromuscular junction and that MMP-3 specifically removes agrin from synaptic basal lamina.","PeriodicalId":16540,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurobiology","volume":"43 2","pages":"140-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21620053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0