Journal of metabolic syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on Mucin1 and Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Status in Bangladeshi patients with Cholelithiasis","authors":"A. Choudhury, A. Giasuddin, K. A. Jhuma, A. Haq","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Although it was reported that cholecystectomy had profound impact on lipid profile and lipoprotein (a) status, no studies were reported on Mucin1 and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) in Bangladeshi patients with cholelithiasis i.e. gallstone disease (GD). The present study was done about effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on Mucin1 and CETP status in Bangladeshi patients with cholelithiasis.Patients & Methods: Forty-four adult GD patients with cholelithiasis and 30 normal controls (NC) subjects were included in the study. The blood was taken from fasting patients before cholecystectomy (Serum-I°), gall bladder bile during cholecystectomy (Bile-I°) and blood again after 2-3 months at follow-up (Serum-II°) and from fasting NC subjects. Mucin1 and CETP levels were quantified in serum and bile by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method using commercially available research kits. The results were compared by appropriate statistical tests using SPSS program.Results: Serum levels of both Mucin1 and CETP were increased in Pt-I°(S) compared to NC-I°(S) which were reduced after cholecystectomy in Pts-II°(S). However, serum CETP mean level in Pts-I°(S) was not significantly higher than NC-I°(S).The Mucin1 and CETP levels in patients bile, i.e. Pt-I°(B), were lower compared to serum levels before, Pt-I°(S), and after, (Pt-II°(S), cholecystectomy [Mucin1 (ng/ml): Pts-I°(S): 10.77 ± 2.93, Pts-I°(B): 1.29 ± 1.21, Pts II°(S): 6.67 ± 2.03, NCs(I°): 4.63 ± 0.53; CETP (μg/ml): Pts-I°(S): 11.47 ± 5.04, Pts-I°(B): 1.16 ± 1.19, Pts-II°(S): 9.41 ± 2.42, NCs (I°): 9.57 ± 3.63] . A significantly large proportion of patients had higher levels of Mucin1, but large number of patients had CETP levels within the normal range in Pt-I°(S). Interestingly, this was changed after cholecystectomy that significant proportion of patients had higher CETP levels in Pt-II°(S).Conclusions: Alterations in serum Mucin1 and CETP status were significant but complex and laparoscopic cholecystectomy had significant impact indicating an important function of gallbladder relevant to their metabolism. Further studies are needed on prevalence and frequency of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cytokines and other relevant parameters in Bangladeshi patients with GD i.e. cholelithiasis.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87842247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol Combined with Pioglitazone Ameliorates Cardiovascular Complications in db/db Diabetic Mice","authors":"M. A. Duarte-Vázquez, A. G. Solís, J. R. Esparza, Jorge Luis Rosad, L. R. Fragoso","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000243","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients are predisposed to serious cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabetes causes different structural and functional alterations in the myocardial tissue, which are induced by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. The resulting cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling and eventually, clinical heart failure. This study addressed the effects of resveratrol and pioglitazone to ameliorate diabetic cardiovascular complications using a db/db diabetic mice model. Male db/db diabetic mice were randomly assigned to orally receive resveratrol (50 mg/kg, n=5), resveratrol/pioglitazone (50 mg/kg and 20 mg/day, respectively, n=5) for the space of 6 weeks. Non-diabetic lean mice (n=5) were included as a control group. Histopathological analyses were performed in heart and aortic vessel tissue samples using hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Masson Trichromic staining. VCAM-1 immunohistochemistry was also assessed. Blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, glycosuria, triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were all examined. Present data suggest that the combination of pioglitazone plus resveratrol significantly lower circulating levels of insulin, hemoglobin A1c, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL levels. Our results also show that tissue damage to the heart and aortic vessels caused by diabetes can also be improved by the administration of said combination. The present study demonstrates that resveratrol/pioglitazone combination therapy improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as improving diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic mice by producing a synergistic pharmacological effect. The combination of resveratrol plus pioglitazone has therapeutic potential against diabetic cardiomyopathy.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84959486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome: Gender Differences","authors":"E. Kruszyńska, M. Kozáková, M. Rudnicka, C. Morizzo, C. Palombo, K. Grudzien, J. Jaroch","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89475420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Metabolic Syndrome in a Taiwanese Adult Population","authors":"Yu-Chen Chang, Chun-Yuan Huang, Lee-Ching Hwang, Chia-Chen Chang","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains high. Recent studies demonstrated the potential relationship among H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 4,232 health examination participants aged from 30 to 65-year-old in the northern Taiwan in 10 years. The general information and blood tests of all subjects were collected from the health examination center. H. pylori infection was diagnosed via 13C-urea breath test. The log-transformed (log) serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was used as the inflammatory parameter. MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel III (Revised NCEP ATP III) criteria. Subjects were divided into two groups based on their H. pylori infectious status. The association between H. pylori infection and metabolic parameters was assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 4,232 subjects (2,641 males and 1,591 females, aged 47.0 years ± 8.2 years) were enrolled for the analysis. H. pylori infection presented in 44.8% of all subjects. MetS presented in 27.6% of all subjects. Participants with H. pylori infection showed higher proportion of MetS, higher body mass index(BMI) and higher serum cholesterol(T-CHO) levels with statistical significance (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the log serum hs-CRP between subjects with and without H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection increased the risk of large waist circumference component [OR=1.26 (1.10-1.43)] and high fasting plasma glucose component [OR=1.18 (1.04-1.34)], and contributed significantly to the presence of MetS with adjusted OR 1.23 (1.03-1.46).Conclusions: Adults with H. pylori infection was associated with higher prevalence of MetS, higher BMI and higher mean serum T-CHO levels. Furthermore, H. pylori infection was identified as a risk factor for MetS.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85439629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Preventions and Treatments, a Specific Topic for Modern Medicines","authors":"D. Lu, Jin-Yu Che, N. Yarla, Hong-ying Wu, D. Lisa, Tingren Lu, Hong Zhu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000231","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an old disease (Diabetes) in China (over two thousand years) but modern epidemics in western medicines (approximately 100 years). Despite some DM treatment advances, causality, pathogenesis and therapeutics of diabetes is currently too complicated to be easily managed in the clinic. Disease complications (cardiovascular symptoms, vision impairments, nephropathies, chronic leg infections and so on) are more fatal than anti-diabetic control. More importantly, different doctors and pharmaceutical companies often hold different views on DM treatments. To systematically compare between different forms of anti-diabetic therapeutics, new ideas, drug development pipelines, experimental/clinical model establishments and possible future directions are highlighted in this mini-review.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"311 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76496848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Reversal by Plant-Based Diet","authors":"B. R. Chowdhury","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes causes a never-ending medicine and or insulin treatment for the diseased. Also, the patients are bound to follow a particular diet, with eliminating most of the sugary foods; that further deteriorates the quality of life. This gave way to the study, focused on diabetes cure without medicines and on rich fruits and vegetable diet. The clinical trial on 55 diabetes patients with a team of 6 medical associates was practiced for 3- days at Zorba, The Buddha, 10 – Tropical Drive, Ghitorni, New Delhi from 29th April to 1st May, 2016. The goal was to establish and observe the effects of plant-based diet on the sugar levels of the diabetes patients. These included both insulin-dependent and independent, diabetes type-1 and type-2 patients. The 3-days Residential Treatment Tour involved 55 subjects with different age groups and demographic profiles. The study considered participants from different countries to find out the global impact of the treatment. \u0000Objective: The burden of the disease diabetes is rising globally. The aim of the research is to find out that on discontinuing the medicines and being on a particular plant-based diet, can high blood glucose levels in diabetes patients be normalized. \u0000Methodology: Clinical trials were performed on diabetes patients for 3-days continuously. The sample size of the study was n=55 patients. Medicines were eliminated from the first day of the trial. Thereafter, following 3-days, the participants were kept on a prescribed plant-based diet. Both fasting and post-prandial readings were measured each day along with the weights of the participants. The subjects with varying diabetes history, age groups, type of diabetes, insulin dependency and demographic profiles were part of the trial. \u0000Findings of the study: The study reported controlled* blood glucose levels for 84% of patients and partiallycontrolled* levels for 16% of patients. Those with controlled* levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range without medicines and or insulin, along with the prescribed diet in 3-days. Those with partially controlled* levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range with less than 50% of insulin than prescribed earlier. Among diabetes type-2 patients the study reported 100% results with all the patients maintaining a healthy blood glucose level. While among diabetes type-1 patients, 57% reported controlled* blood glucose levels through the diet and zeromedications. Whereas, 43% reported healthy blood sugar levels through the diet and insulin reduction. In addition of the insulin-dependent group, 59% could completely drop their insulin requirements and 41% could reduce the requirement to at least 50%. The weight reduction for 55 patients in 3-days was reported as 1.14 kgs of average weight loss per individual. Also, the patients had symptomatic relief from general fatigue and weaknesses. The plant-based diet proved to be beneficial with regards to energy and nutritional fulfillments. \u0000Future scope","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82012260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes and Metabolic Diseases","authors":"J. Díaz-Juárez, Jorge A. Suarez","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000E121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000E121","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an arrangement of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that dramatically increase cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and type 2 diabetes [1-3]. MetS is characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, compromised fasting glucose, and hypertension [4]. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to MetS are complex and not yet completely comprehended. MetS is a systemic problem with multiple organs affected and involved in the pathophysiology. Obesity is a main risk factor of MetS. Adipose tissue plays an important role on the genesis and progression of a number of clinical complications in other cells and tissues. New research approaches have revealed several types of biomolecules through which adipocytes communicate with distant cells and tissues. Adipose tissue crosstalk with other cell types and organs regulates energy homeostasis and function. Among these new discovered biomolecules, extracellular vesicles have triggered a lot of interest [5,6]. Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-bound vesicles (100 nm-1 μm) secreted by cells into the extracellular space. The majority of EVs are considered exosomes for endosome-derived and microvesicles for plasma membrane-derived vesicles. EVs promote cell-cell crosstalk because they transport diverse bioactive molecules (lipids, proteins, small peptides, RNA and miRNA among others) [7]. It has been established that EVs interact with specific targets. Once released, EVs can interact with a target cell, deliver its cargo to the cytosol of the recipient cell, and modulate its phenotype. EVs such as exosomes can transfer functional protein and translatable mRNA, miRNA or siRNAs cargo that could activate or silence recipient target genes [8,9]. The mechanisms for EVs uptake is still matter of debate, however, an active uptake process with specialized intracellular transport machinery has been proposed [10]. EVs play an important physiological role on the integral communication between cells, tissues and distant organs. Therefore, is only logic to consider that these subcellular particles can also be involved in pathophysiological mechanisms in diseases. The role of EVs on MetS have recently been reviewed [5]. The emphasis has been to highlight the EVs as biomarkers in humans but also as determinants of metabolic diseases including MetS and potential therapeutic targets. Diabetes and MetS have been considered inflammatory diseases and macrophages play a key role in the pathophysiology. Macrophages-derived exosomes from adipose tissue are postulated to disseminate the disease to other tissues. However, macrophages seem to communicate with other cells in more sophisticated ways. Local macrophages exist in all tissues. It has been reported recently that macrophages located in the heart facilitate electrical conduction interacting via Cx43-containing gap junctions [11]. The mechanisms or mediators of this interaction are to be discovered. However, these results stres","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90168726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome in Aging Heart: Molecular Insights","authors":"J. Díaz-Juárez, G. Pastelín, Jorge A. Suarez","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000230","url":null,"abstract":"Risk factors that define the metabolic syndrome (MetS) develop with age increasing its prevalence. Therefore, MetS can be considered an age-related health problem. Mechanism involved in aging and MetS are incompletely understood. The goal of this review is to highlight novel molecular maladaptive mechanism that tiger cardiac disease and common in aging and MetS. We focus on mitochondrial energetic function as well as mitochondrial calcium handling. In addition, we analyzed the role of O-GlcNAcylation which is a posttranslational modification that triggers multiple signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84372365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markers of accessory glands and seminal parameters in infertile men with overweight and obesity","authors":"Ricardo Lozano-Hernndez, J. Gualdrón, M. I. Camejo, V. Judith, Villavicencio Antonio","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000229","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Several studies have investigated the impact of male obesity on the traditional sperm parameters but it is unclear if in the male obesity, accessory glands secretory function may be altered. In this paper the seminal parameters and the biochemical markers of accessory sex glands are related with the Body Mass Index (BMI). \u0000Material and methods: 1148 patients attending a Fertility Center with subfertility were included in the study. Weight and height were recorded to calculate BMI in each patient. Semen parameters and markers of male accessory glands were measured. Pearson´s correlation coefficient has been performed, p-values below 0.01 were considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: In HOS tests a reduction was observed in I and II-III obesity groups, sperm /ejaculate number, seminal volume and citric acid decrease were correlated inversely with the body mass index. Seminal fructose levels tend to increase in proportion to body mass. The correlation analysis in all the individuals indicates a trend for increase in BMI over time. \u0000Conclusion: Obesity has a negative impact on sperm quality and prostatic function, although sperm parameters changes are more evident in men with morbid obesity. Oxidative stress, hormonal and metabolic changes increase as adiposity progresses in an individual, so we may expect infertility, prostate pathologies could be avoided if hyperadiposity in infertile men is controlled opportunely.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76225647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Review of Anti-Diabetic Regimens in Geriatric Emirati Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relation to Glycemic Control: A Dubai Hospital Outpatient Clinic Experience","authors":"Ishma Aijazi, B. J. Zuberi, H. Mirza, M. Vats, Mohammad Kamal Mahgoub, Asadullah Nawazani","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"Geriatric population is a special subset of adult population with different needs as there are physiological changes that occur with aging, that lead to a decline in patient’s overall performance functional disabilities and, cognitive impairment, We reviewed the various anti diabetic regimes in Emirati geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes following outpatient medical clinics. In a view to find optimum anti-diabetic regime which is more suitable and acceptable to the patients with minimum side effects. We believe that patients following in government hospitals would be a true representation of whole subset of Emirati geriatric population and hence any results obtained could be a reflection of entire Emirati geriatric population. Medical records of 350 Emirati type 2 diabetic patients age above 65 were reviewed. HBAIC at the clinic visit was noted and they were retrospectively followed up as to see which anti diabetic regime these patients were on for the preceding 3 months. Patients were divided accordingly into 4 groups namely. a) Those on oral hypoglycemic, b) oral hypoglycemic plus basal insulin, c) premix insulin and d) basal insulin bolus. Mean HBAIC was compared amongst the various age groups. Conclusion 350 patients were following medical clinics, 16 patients were excluded. Out of the remaining 334 patients 224 were females and 110 were males. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age. Patients less than 70 years of age were 121 (36.2%) and patients greater than 70 years of age were 213 (63.8%). Patients in both these age groups had uncontrolled blood sugars. HBAIC 8.1% vs. HBAIC 7.76% in patients less than 70 year’s vs. patients greater than 70 years age). In higher age groups HBAIC was better controlled as compared to lesser age groups reflecting better care of elderly in the Emirati society. Most patients were on oral hypoglycemic as compared to insulin (60.5% vs. 21.6%). Both males and females were better controlled on oral medication as compared to insulin (HBAIC 7.58% males and HBAIC 7.69% in females on oral medications). Sulfonyl urea and metformin being the most popular oral medications used. Only 21.6% were on insulin reflecting increase needle phobia in the elderly age groups.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81548525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}