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Cathodic Cage Plasma Nitriding: An Innovative Technique 阴极笼等离子体氮化:一种创新技术
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-03-08 DOI: 10.1155/2012/385963
R. Sousa, F. O. D. Araújo, J. D. Costa, A. Brandim, R. A. Brito, C. Alves
{"title":"Cathodic Cage Plasma Nitriding: An Innovative Technique","authors":"R. Sousa, F. O. D. Araújo, J. D. Costa, A. Brandim, R. A. Brito, C. Alves","doi":"10.1155/2012/385963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/385963","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindrical samples of AISI 1020, AISI 316, and AISI 420 steels, with different heights, were simultaneously treated by a new technique of ionic nitriding, entitled cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN), in order to evaluate the efficiency of this technique to produce nitrided layers with better properties compared with those obtained using conventional ionic nitriding technique. This method is able to eliminate the edge effect in the samples, promoting a better uniformity of temperature, and consequently, a smaller variation of the thickness/height relation can be obtained. The compound layers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and microhardness test profile. The results were compared with the properties of samples obtained with the conventional nitriding, for the three steel types. It was verified that samples treated by CCPN process presented, at the same temperature, a better uniformity in the thickness and absence of the edge effect.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78569892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
The Corrosion Behavior of Carburized Aluminum Using DC Plasma 渗碳铝的直流等离子体腐蚀行为研究
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-02-29 DOI: 10.1155/2012/258021
Somayeh Pirizadhejrandoost, M. Mahmoudi, E. Ahmadi, M. Moradshahi
{"title":"The Corrosion Behavior of Carburized Aluminum Using DC Plasma","authors":"Somayeh Pirizadhejrandoost, M. Mahmoudi, E. Ahmadi, M. Moradshahi","doi":"10.1155/2012/258021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/258021","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the outstanding properties of aluminum, it is widely used in today's advanced technological world. However, its insufficient wear resistance limits its use for commercial and industrial applications. In this study, we performed DC diode plasma carburizing of aluminum in the gas composition of CH4–H2 (20–80%) and at a temperature of about 350°C for 4 and 8 hours. The corrosion properties of the untreated and plasma-carburized samples were evaluated using anodic polarization tests in 3 N HCl solution according to ASTM: G5-94. The metallurgical characteristics were then investigated using XRD and SEM. The results showed that the carburizing process improves the corrosion resistance of treated specimens at low temperature.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80006383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Validation of FeSiMg Alloy Production Model for the Experimental Process FeSiMg合金实验工艺生产模型的验证
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-02-14 DOI: 10.1155/2012/176968
S. Ghali, M. Eissa, H. El-Faramawy
{"title":"Validation of FeSiMg Alloy Production Model for the Experimental Process","authors":"S. Ghali, M. Eissa, H. El-Faramawy","doi":"10.1155/2012/176968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/176968","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of limestone, bauxite, fluorspar, and quartzite additions on the magnesium recovery in FeSiMg production from dolomite. Also, it illustrates the validation of the previous designed model. According to the model, magnesium content in the product alloy is calculated by the equation [Mg]=(MgO0)[Si0][eKt[(MgO0)-[Si0]]-1]/((MgO0)[eKt[(MgO0)-[Si0]]]-[Si0]), where [Mg] is the concentration of magnesium metal in ferrosilicon magnesium alloy in mol/L, [Si0] and (MgO0) are the initial concentrations of silicon and magnesium oxide in charge in mol/L, t is the time in seconds, and K is the reaction rate constant (3.26588×10-7 LSec−1 mol−1). The results of the production process are compared with the model results. The deviation between the actual and predicted magnesium content decreases as fluorspar, limestone, and quartzite increase up to 12.8wt.%, 8wt.%, and 8wt.%, respectively, with increase in the amount of the additives, the magnesium content in the produced alloy becomes far from the predicted values. It was found also that the addition of bauxite increases the gap between the actual and predicted values of magnesium content. It was found that the deviation of the actual magnesium content from the predicted depends mainly on the viscosity of the slag.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76160222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Electrical Properties of Rapidly Annealed Ir and Ir/Au Schottky Contacts on n-Type InGaN n型InGaN上快速退火Ir和Ir/Au肖特基触点的电学特性
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-02-08 DOI: 10.1155/2012/531915
V. Reddy, B. Prasanna Lakshmi, R. Padma
{"title":"Electrical Properties of Rapidly Annealed Ir and Ir/Au Schottky Contacts on n-Type InGaN","authors":"V. Reddy, B. Prasanna Lakshmi, R. Padma","doi":"10.1155/2012/531915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/531915","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of annealing temperature on electrical characteristics of iridium (Ir) and iridium/gold (Ir/Au) Schottky contacts to n-type InGaN have been investigated by means of current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) techniques. It is observed that the barrier height of Ir/n-InGaN and Au/Ir/n-InGaN Schottky diodes increases after annealing at 300∘C for 1 min in N2 ambient compared to the as-deposited. However, the barrier heights are found to be decreased somewhat after annealing at 500∘C for the both Ir and Ir/Au Schottky contacts. From the above observations, it is clear that the optimum annealing temperature for both Ir and Ir/Au Schottky contacts is 300∘C. Moreover, the barrier height (𝜙𝑏), ideality factor (n) and series resistance (𝑅𝑆) are determined using Cheung’s and Norde methods. Besides, the energy distribution of interface state densities are determined from the forward bias I-V characteristics by taking into account the bias dependence of the effective barrier height. Based on the above results, it is clear that both Ir and Ir/Au Schottky contacts exhibit a kind of thermal stability during annealing.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87246476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Effect of Microstructure on Stress-Strain Behaviour and Susceptibility to Cracking of Pipeline Steels 组织对管道钢应力-应变行为及开裂敏感性的影响
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-02-07 DOI: 10.1155/2012/638290
A. Mustapha, E. A. Charles, D. Hardie
{"title":"The Effect of Microstructure on Stress-Strain Behaviour and Susceptibility to Cracking of Pipeline Steels","authors":"A. Mustapha, E. A. Charles, D. Hardie","doi":"10.1155/2012/638290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/638290","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of microstructure on the stress-strain behaviour of pipeline steels was studied. Slow strain rate (2×10-6 s-1) tests were conducted on grade X65 and X100 steels in silicone oil and hydrogen carbonate/carbonate solution. The as-received grade X100 steel at 75°C showed serrated stress-strain curves. The magnitude of the serrations depended upon the strain rate and test temperature. Annealing at 600°C or above removes the serrations, but this increased the susceptibility to transgranular cracking in hydrogen carbonate/carbonate solution at potentials below −800 mV (sce). The removal and reformation of banding in pipeline steels were also studied. Ferrite/pearlite becomes aligned during the hot rolling stage of pipe manufacture and causes directionality in crack propagation and mechanical properties. Heat treatments were carried out which show that banding in grade X65 and X100 can be removed above 900°C. This depends on homogenisation of carbon which also depends on temperature, time, and cooling rate.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72902979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Effect of Mechanical Milling and Cold Pressing on Co Powder 机械铣削和冷压对钴粉的影响
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-02-02 DOI: 10.1155/2012/290873
A. Bolokang, M. Phasha, D. Motaung, S. Bhero
{"title":"Effect of Mechanical Milling and Cold Pressing on Co Powder","authors":"A. Bolokang, M. Phasha, D. Motaung, S. Bhero","doi":"10.1155/2012/290873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/290873","url":null,"abstract":"Cold pressing (CP) of the amorphous-like Co powder suppressed most of the XRD peaks, in particular the peak along (100) plane. The DSC curve of unmilled CP Co powder has shown a distinct sharp exothermic peak at 615C°. Upon annealing at 700C°, only the FCC phase with lattice parameter of 3.51 A was detected by XRD. Our results implied that the exotherm at 615C° corresponds to compaction-pressure-assisted HCP to FCC first-order phase transition. The XRD analysis of 30 h milled powder revealed for the first time the FCC phase with a=3.80 A. However, due to presence of (100) and (210) peaks, this phase is thought to be FCT with lattice parameters a=b=3.80 and c=3.07 A. Consequently, the high-energy milling carried out in the current work induced for the first time HCP to FCT transition in Co. Upon CP of milled powder, the lattice parameter a shrunk from 3.80 to 3.75 A. However, during annealing of the CP milled Co powder at 750C°, the FCT to FCC transition occurred, yielding the FCC phase with a=3.51 A.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73065037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Prediction of Microstructure Evolution in Hot Backward Extrusion of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Ti-6Al-4V合金热反向挤压组织演变预测
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.1155/2012/989834
J. Yeom, J. Kim, J. Hong, N. Park, C. Lee
{"title":"Prediction of Microstructure Evolution in Hot Backward Extrusion of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy","authors":"J. Yeom, J. Kim, J. Hong, N. Park, C. Lee","doi":"10.1155/2012/989834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/989834","url":null,"abstract":"Microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V alloy during hot backward extrusion process was simulated with the combined approaches of finite element method (FEM) and microstructure prediction model. From experimental analysis, it can be found that the change of microstructure during hot forming process of titanium alloy has a close relation to α/β phase transformation and grain growth behaviour. A microstructure prediction model was established by considering the change of volume fractions and grain size of both phases varying with process variables and then implemented into the user-defined subroutine of FEM analysis. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the model, the volume fraction and grain size of primary α phase during the hot backward extrusion process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were simulated. The simulation results were compared with the experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83639986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Investigations on the Plastic Instability in an HCP Mg-Li Alloy HCP Mg-Li合金塑性不稳定性研究
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-01-29 DOI: 10.1155/2012/674573
C. Wang, Y. B. Xu, E. Han
{"title":"Investigations on the Plastic Instability in an HCP Mg-Li Alloy","authors":"C. Wang, Y. B. Xu, E. Han","doi":"10.1155/2012/674573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/674573","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic instability is reported in hexagonal close-packed (HCP) LA41 magnesium alloy during tensile tests. Serration amplitude associated with plastic instability is measured to increase with increasing strain and decrease with increasing strain rate. The model of dynamic strain aging (DSA) is proposed to be the controlling mechanism. Moreover, it is reported that annealing could reduce the flow instability, which has potential practical applications.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80142235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Unexpected Precipitation of a Re-Rich Phase in Single Crystal Superalloy CMSX-4 during Thermal Exposure 单晶高温合金CMSX-4在热暴露过程中意外析出富re相
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2012-01-18 DOI: 10.1155/2012/308568
K. Cheng, C. Jo, D. Kim, T. Jin, Z. Hu
{"title":"Unexpected Precipitation of a Re-Rich Phase in Single Crystal Superalloy CMSX-4 during Thermal Exposure","authors":"K. Cheng, C. Jo, D. Kim, T. Jin, Z. Hu","doi":"10.1155/2012/308568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/308568","url":null,"abstract":"A Re-rich phase (up to 85.40% wt.Re) was occasionally found in a single crystal superalloy during thermal exposure. Interestingly, this phase is located in front of the dendrite periphery in the interdendritic region, while the Re is segregated in the dendrite core. Formation of this phase was suggested to relate to the unusual accumulation of the Re resulting from the uneven diffusion process of Re. Appearance of this phase may imply the preference of forming Re-Re atomic bond in the superalloys.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76179232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Survey of BGFA Criteria for the Cu-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys cu基大块非晶合金BGFA判据的研究进展
Journal of Metallurgy Pub Date : 2011-12-26 DOI: 10.1155/2011/895146
D. Janovszky, K. Tomolya, M. Svéda, A. Roósz
{"title":"Survey of BGFA Criteria for the Cu-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys","authors":"D. Janovszky, K. Tomolya, M. Svéda, A. Roósz","doi":"10.1155/2011/895146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/895146","url":null,"abstract":"To verify the effect of composition on the bulk glass forming ability (BGFA) of Cu-based alloys, properties have been collected from the literature (~100 papers, more than 200 alloys). Surveying the BGFA criteria published so far, it has been found that the atomic mismatch condition of Egami-Waseda is fulfilled for all the Cu-based BGFAs, the 𝜆 value being above 0,3. The Zhang Bangwei criterion could be applied for the binary Cu-based alloys. The Miracle and Senkov criteria do not necessarily apply for Cu based bulk amorphous alloys. The critical thickness versus 𝛾=𝑇𝑥/(𝑇𝑔","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90078720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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