Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Correlation of Ankle Brachial Index with Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"S. Razaq, Khudija Nayab, Mahrukh Fatima","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/57-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/57-02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : The aim of this study was to correlate ankle brachial index (ABI) with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus . Material and methods : This was a hospital based interdisciplinary prospective study. A total of 100 patients in the age group of 30 to 80 years having peripheral vascular disease with predefined inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients with other causes of raised blood sugar or peripheral vascular disease were excluded by relevant investigations. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was calculated using sphygmomanometer, and Colour Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) was used to diagnose PVD. Both the ABI method and the CDU method were compared for detecting PVD. Results : In our study, mean age was 60.04 ± 5.03 years, mean body mass index was 27.10 ± 2.67 kg/m2 and mean duration of diabetes was 7.75 ± 1.50 years. Among the 68 diagnosed cases of PVD on CDU, 70.6% cases were detected to have PVD by the ABI method (true positive) whereas 20 (29.4%) cases remained undiagnosed when ABI alone was used for the diagnosis (false negative). Conversely, among 51 diagnosed cases of PVD by ABI method 5.9% cases were found to be normal on CDU (false positive). The ABI method was found to have specificity of 88.5% but the sensitivity was only 70.6%. Conclusion: ABI has a very high specificity but the sensitivity is low compared to colour Doppler ultrasound. Therefore, if ABI is abnormal, the diagnosis of PVD is almost certain but in symptomatic cases with normal ABI; colour Doppler should be performed to exclude the PVD. Keywords : Ankle Brachial Index, peripheral vascular disease, Colour Doppler Ultrasound, type 2 diabetes mellitus. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/57-02 Publication date : July 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78501178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caudal bupivacaine alone versus bupivacaine with ketamine to compare postoperative analgesia","authors":"E. Shafqat, Sameen Asghar, Qandeel Arshad, Shakeel Ahmad","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/56-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/56-01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to compare the effectiveness of caudal bupivacain alone and bupivacaine with ketamine in terms of duration of analgesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Duration and Place: Department of Anaesthesia Quid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from May 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: Study was started after approval from local ethical committee a parental consent was obtained after complete information of study. Main outcome variables are duration of analgesia, pain score, Bromage score. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23.1. P value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group A was 5.80±2.71 hours and 4.45±0.51 hours, respectively. While, the mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group B was 12.53±2.51 hours and 4.52±0.53 hours, respectively. Statistically significant was observed in duration of analgesia. P value 0.000. Conclusion: Combination of Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and bupivacain 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia toa significant range in comparison with bupivacaine 25% of 1 ml/kg alone. Keywords: Caudal block, Spinal anesthesia, Bupivacain, Ketamine, analgesia. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/56-01 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Clearance of Secretions in Mechanical Ventilated Patients","authors":"Sana Maqsood, Sehrish Saeed, Zeeshan Anjum","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/56-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/56-02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients Study Design: A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Nishtar Medical University Hospital and Jinnah Hosptal, Lahore. From January 2017 to July 2018. Material and Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between ages 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO 2 , mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/54-07 Publication date : April 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84837338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQEUNCY OF ACUTE CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE.","authors":"A. Bari, A. Tareen, S. Saleem","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-10","url":null,"abstract":"Background; Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem which is related with significant disease morbidity. Hemodialysis is a life saving modality but it is also associated with certain cardiovascular complications which do compromise quality of life of these patients. This study was conducted to document the frequency of cardiac complications in patients with end – stage renal disease. Objective: To Determine the Frequency of Acute cardiac Complications in children with end-stage renal disease undergoing Hemodialysis. Material and Methods; The patients going for dialysis were completely assessed clinically by the doctor before the start of procedure. Continuous monitoring of BP, Pulse and ECG was done during the whole procedure using cardiac monitor, readings were recorded every 30 minutes. Results; Mean age of our study cases was 11.31 ± 2.63 years. Of these 231 study cases, 154 (66.7%) were boys while 77 (33.3%) were girls. Mean duration of the disease was 16.78 ± 9. 42 months. Mean duration on hemodialysis was 11.91 ± 7.06 months. Of these 231 study cases, 127 (54.97%) were from rural areas and 104 (45.03%) were from urban areas. Arrhythmia was seen in (3.9%), intradialytic hypotension in 39 (16.9%) and intradialytic hypertension in 48 (20.8%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Intradialytic Hypertension and hypotension are the major complications of the hemodialysis in our study. Cardiovascular complications were significantly associated with disease duration and duration on hemodialysis. Early diagnosis and proper monitoring of these patients can help reduce disease morbidity and improve quality of life of these patients. Keywords; acute complications, hemodialysis, arrhythmia. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-10 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87236170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERUM MALONDIALDEHYDE AS PREDICTOR OF OXDATIVE STRESS IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.","authors":"Z. Azher, Iqra Altaf, A. Mirza","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To measure the concentration and role of malondialdehyde to determine oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients and comparing them with healthy individuals. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 180 patients of age 49 to 70 years and both gender. Study was completed in the department of physiology Sheikh Zaid Medical College, Quid e Azam Medical college and Lahore General Hospital, from October 2017 to October 2018. Study was started after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from the patients. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data related to study. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation like age and Serum MDA concentration, categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages like gender. Post operative chi square test was applied and p value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=180) patients were included, in this study. The study group was further divided into two equal groups, 50% (n=90) in each, i.e. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group and control group. RA group patients include those diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis clinically and through lab investigations and control group consist of normal healthy adults. The serum MDA levels in the RA patients were 3.97±1.03 nmoles/ml and it was 1.59±0.32 nmol/ml in control patients. The difference was statistically significant (t=20.87, p=0.001). Conclusion: the observations of our study showed statistically significant raised serum Malondialdehyde level as compared to control group. Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Rheumatoid arthritis, Lipid per oxidation, Free radicals. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-18 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83932500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIABETES AS A RISK FACTOR OF IN – HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE CORONAY DISEASE PRESENTING WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.","authors":"H. Khan, Fakhar Iqbal, M. Habib","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-14","url":null,"abstract":"Background; Recent data from various parts of the world have led to the conclusion that more than 80 % of CVD deaths occur in developing countries like Pakistan. This high burden of heart diseases is largely attributed to the industrial and technological progress which is associated with economic and social transformations which have lead to life style modification and sedentary life style. This study was planned to ascertain mortality rate of premature coronary artery disease in patients with AMI as it directly affects main workforce of our national economy. Objective; To determine role of diabetes with mortality in premature coronary artery disease patients with acute myocardial infarction.  Material and methods; A total of 145 patients having premature coronary artery disease presenting with acute myocardial infarction were included in this descriptive study. This study was conducted in the department of medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June 2018 to May 2019. These patients were followed during current hospitalization to see mortality in these patients and all the findings were noted in the proforma. Results; Of these 145 study cases, 96 (66.2%) were male patients and 49 (33.8%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 47.67 ± 7.59 years. Mean time taken before presentation at hospital was 113.79 ± 54.36 minutes. Hypertension was present in 58 (40%), smoking in 39 (26.9%), family history of IHD in 67 (46.2%) and obesity in 49 (33.8%) of our study cases. Mortality was noted to be in 19 (13.1%) of our study cases, post MI angina was seen in 36 (24.8%) and cardiogenic shock was noted in 29 (20%). Diabetes was present in 48 (33.1%) of our study cases while in – hospital mortality among diabetic patients was 18 /48 (37.5%) (p=0.001). Conclusion; Our study results indicate that diabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have high rates of mortality. Positive family history, hypertension, obesity and diabetes were major risk factors noted in our study. Life style modification and early screening of the cases with positive family history in first degree relatives can help prevent heart diseases in our population as it hits main workforce and has negative impact on national productivity. Keywords; Premature coronary artery disease, mortality, diabetes, Myocardial infarction. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-14 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79032675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Age, Gender and Socio-Economic Status in Self-esteem and Life Satisfaction of Nursing Students","authors":"Ume Farwa, M. Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Syed Amir Gilani","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Self-esteem and Life satisfaction assume a more prominent role in human development. There are a few components like Age, Gender and Socio-Economic status which influence self-esteem and life satisfaction. Socio-economic status of a nation may be a factor in people’s rating of their life satisfaction. Self-esteem has positive relation with students’ academic learning Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore. Data was gathered by nursing students of BSN and Post RN. Questionnaire which was used in this study was Self-esteem inventory and Life Satisfaction scale. Reliability of the scale test by Chronbach alpha . Data was analysed by SPSS and using Pearson correlation test to see the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction and socioeconomic status of the nursing students. Results: Results shows a positive correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction. Pearson correlation level was 1.000 and p value was .000 on 0.05 confidence level of interval which shows negative correlation results. Results also revealed a positive correlation of socio-economic status with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Conclusions : it is concluded that the relationship of socioeconomic status life satisfaction and self-esteem of the students affects their learning. High level of socioeconomic status can boost the self-esteem and life satisfaction of the students Keywords: Self-esteem, Life satisfaction, socioeconomic status, Nursing students DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/62-19 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77304214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of various risk factors for Meconium aspiration syndrome","authors":"C. Ali, Aftab Gohar, Awais Jamil","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the frequency of various factor leading to meconium aspiration syndrome. Material & Method: This present descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics Medicine Bahawal Victoria  Hospital Multan. for 6 months i.e. from October 8, 2018 to April 8, 2019. The non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Newborns having staining of vocal cords and respiratory distress were included in this study. ABG and X ray Chest was done in all neonates. Factors like, Post-term pregnancy, IUGR, thick meconium, low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes were noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23. Chi square and T test were used to check significant relation of risk factors with meconium aspiration syndrome. P value of 0,05 was consider significant. Results : Among total enrolled 150 babies, the mean age of babies was 37.37±18.96 hours, the male to female ratio of the babies was 1.03:1. The mean maternal age was 28.85±6.602 years. The thick meconium was observed in 89(59.33%) patients, 79(52.7%) patients went through vaginal delivery, postdate pregnancy was noted in 68(45.3%) patients, IUGR was observed in 52(34.7%) patients and poor APGAR score at 1 min was noted in 79(52.7%) patients. Conclusion: The observations of our study revealed that Meconium aspiration syndrome has significant relation with maternal age(P value 0.000), postdated pregnancy(P Value 0.001), IUGR (P value 0.021), poor APGAR score at 5 minutes( P value 0.034), and thick meconium(P value 0.000). Keywords: Postdate, Meconium  Aspiration , Syndrome, APGAR, Pregnancy DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-19 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86629711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Clearance of Secretions in Mechanical Ventilated Patients","authors":"Qandeel Arshad, Sameen Asghar, E. Shafqat, Shakeel Ahmad","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/54-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/54-07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients. Study Design : A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study : Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Quid e Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. From January 2018 to June 2019. Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between age 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO 2 , mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/56-02 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81840684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gender Based Violence Amongst Pregnant Women Accessing Ante-Natal Care in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Amaku, Awka","authors":"I. Eyisi","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/54-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/54-03","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Gender-based violence (GBV) involves men and women, whereby the female is the victim in most cases; it arises as a result of unequal power relationships between men and women. Violence is suffered by a woman because she is a woman, and violence extremely affects women [1]. Methods: This research exercise was conducted in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) Awka. Questionnaires were checked for errors and omissions at the end of each day. Quantitative data were entered into the computer and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and appropriate test for associations. Cross – tabulations were done and chi – square test was used to test for associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Data errors were checked for and corrected. Results: 12.3% of the respondents have experienced some form of gender-based violence while pregnant; The most common type of violence seen amongst the pregnant women was physical abuse which grossed 65.2%; The most common cause of violence amongst the study population is misunderstanding on diverse issues arising in the family; the study identified the commonest perpetrators of GBV against women to be their Husbands as it grossed 73.4%. Conclusion: Gender based violence remains a major health concern in the society, more so in pregnant women. In the study above, 12.3% were victims of violence and this is a mirror to show how much more is seen in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Keywords: Gender Based Violence; Pregnant Women; Ante-Natal Care DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/54-03 Publication date : April 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91363973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}