{"title":"Serum biomarkers for gut dysbiosis","authors":"Kyu-Nam Kim","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2023.6.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2023.6.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, it is not easy for medical personnel in charge of primary care to adopt hydrogen/methane breath test or next-generation sequencing using feces, which are methods for clinically evaluating gut dysbiosis. Therefore, although not many studies have been conducted, this review discusses serum indicators that can easily suspect gut dysbiosis in primary care based on theoretically explainable mechanisms, and these indicators include serum total bilirubin, liver function level, vitamin B-12, fibrinogen, and ferritin. Total bilirubin rises as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress, liver function rises in relation to leaky gut, and vitamin B-12 increases as a metabolite produced by intestinal bacterial imbalance. Fibrinogen and ferritin are thought to rise due to microinflammation caused by an increase in endotoxin caused by gut dysbiosis. So far, few studies have been conducted on these relationships, so researchers with a functional medicine perspective should be more interested in treatment and research to reveal the relationship in the future.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129378931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional medical approach and management for long COVID","authors":"Sang-Hoon Lee, Sang Man Kim","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2023.6.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2023.6.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, refers to a range of symptoms and complications that persist more than 4 weeks after diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, headache, anosmia, ageusia, chronic cough, shortness of breath, impaired concentration and memory, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and hair loss. The incidence of long COVID varies according to the data, but it has been reported in 20% to 60% of acute COVID-19 patients. Despite its high incidence and significant medical and societal burden, there is currently no clear definition or objective diagnostic criteria for long COVID. Its diagnosis and treatment options are also limited due to insufficient evidence. Nevertheless, a functional medicine approach, through aspects such as adrenal fatigue, gut health, inflammation resolution, histamine imbalance, and vitamin D deficiency, can help long COVID patients. Blood tests, urinary organic acid profile, and food intolerance tests can be utilized, and lifestyle modification, oral or intravenous nutrition therapies can be implemented. In this article, we review the existing medical literature on long COVID and propose a functional medicine approach and management for long COVID.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131860532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional assessment and management of chronic fatigue syndrome","authors":"N. Joo","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2023.6.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2023.6.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic fatigue can be defined by the fatigue over 6 months. Many causes including various imbalance as well as chronic diseases actually have been related with chronic fatigue. For the proper evaluation of these imbalance, functional approach based on the seven core is essential. Many patients complain various symptoms including fatigue, which is the reason to evaluate conventional blood test to rule out chronic diseases. For the management of chronic fatigue, one should focus on the revealed imbalance and try to recover by the hormones replacement or intravenous and oral nutritional supplements, biofeedback, and good nutrition intake. In addition, infection and inflammation also should be controlled.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management to chronic urticaria in functional medicine","authors":"Chun-Muk Park","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Urticaria is a disease that causes recurrent hives and wheals, and is classified into acute and chronic (6 weeks or longer) according to the duration of the disease. If the cause of chronic urticaria is unknown, it is called chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and 50% of CSU is caused by an autoimmune mechanism. CSU treatment removes triggers and avoids exacerbating factors. Medications include antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, omalizumab, cyclosporine. In case of acute exacerbation, steroids are prescribed. As an alternative treatment, drugs for autoimmune diseases are used. We hope that a more fundamental and integrated functional medicinal treatment will be realized through access to and management of 7 major clinical imbalances in functional medicine, including heavy metals, persistant organic pollutants, infections, intestinal microbiomes abnormalities, and food hypersensitivities (food immunoglobulin E & immunoglobulin G test) as triggers of CSU.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128029436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutritions for bone health","authors":"N. Joo","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, for prevention of gradual bone loss after menopause is recommended to consume more calcium and vitamin D. In addition, intake of magnesium and vitamin K should be also considered in the aspect of calcium homeostasis. Weight bearing exercise and foods containing potassium bicarbonate will also prevent the urinary calcium loss and metabolic acidosis which is related with bone loss.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interpretation and clinical application of autonomic function test","authors":"Young‐Sang Kim","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic components. ANS has a role in heart function and contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in various internal organs. Several tests were introduced to assess ANS function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the most common method to evaluate ANS function. HRV is defined as a physiologic variation between sinus beats, which is calculated into standard deviation of N-N interval. The indices derived from beat-to-beat variation are calculated based on time-domain analysis. Fourier transformation visualizes frequency-based graphs from the time-domain tachograms. Areas in the low frequency represent sympathetic predominant function, while high frequency areas show parasympathetic tone. Despite absence of the reference ranges of the HRV indices, studies have shown the ranges of the indices in their populations. Decrease in HRV may be a poor prognostic factor for heart disease, infection, and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is reported that HRV biofeedback improved various disorders related to ANS function. In addition, the results of HRV tests may guide functional approaches. In conclusion, the awareness on ANS function and HRV may help to provide patients with risk stratification and proper management.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional medical approach to food intolerance","authors":"Sanghoon Lee, Sang Man Kim","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Food intolerances are defined as difficulty digesting or metabolizing a particular food. They are a subset of adverse food reactions. Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated food intolerances. Food intolerances are estimated to affect up to 15-20% of the population, but understanding of diagnosis and management is complicated and controversial, and given presentation and mechanisms associated also vary greatly. In addition, food intolerances can be associated with various clinical imbalances of functional medicine, such as dysbiosis, leaky gut syndrome, histamine imbalance, and functional adrenal insufficiency. This review aims to provide a scientific update and clinical application of food intolerances in the perspective of functional medicine.","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132295811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Questions and evidence-based answers to probiotics","authors":"Kyu-Nam Kim","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129417942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutritional aspect for cardiovascular diseases","authors":"N. Joo","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116897471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approach and management of histamine imbalance in functional medicine","authors":"Sang-Hoon Lee, Sang Man Kim","doi":"10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32581/jkifm.2022.5.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162625,"journal":{"name":"Korean Institute for Functional Medicine","volume":"200 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133292609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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