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Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications最新文献

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Inferring target locations from gaze data: a smartphone study 从凝视数据推断目标位置:一项智能手机研究
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3319847
Stefanie Müller
{"title":"Inferring target locations from gaze data: a smartphone study","authors":"Stefanie Müller","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3319847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319847","url":null,"abstract":"Although smartphones are widely used in everyday life, studies of viewing behavior mainly employ desktop computers. This study examines whether closely spaced target locations on a smartphone can be decoded from gaze. Subjects wore a head-mounted eye tracker and fixated a target that successively appeared at 30 positions spaced by 10.0 × 9.0 mm. A \"hand-held\" (phone in subject's hand) and a \"mounted\" (phone on surface) condition were conducted. Linear-mixed-models were fitted to examine whether gaze differed between targets. T-tests on root-mean-squared errors were calculated to evaluate the deviation between gaze and targets. To decode target positions from gaze data we trained a classifier and assessed its performance for every subject/condition. While gaze positions differed between targets (main effect \"target\"), gaze deviated from the real positions. The classifier's performance for the 30 locations ranged considerably between subjects (\"mounted\": 30 to 93 % accuracy; \"hand-held\": 8 to 100 % accuracy).","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117043527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
EyeVEIL EyeVEIL
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3319816
Brendan David-John, S. Koppal, Eakta Jain
{"title":"EyeVEIL","authors":"Brendan David-John, S. Koppal, Eakta Jain","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3319816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319816","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed reality headsets are being designed with integrated eye trackers: cameras that image the user's eye to infer gaze location and pupil diameter. While the intent is to improve the quality of experience, built-in eye trackers create a security vulnerability for hackers - high resolution images of the user's iris. Anyone stealing an iris image has effectively captured a gold standard biometric, relied on for secure authentication in applications such as banking and voting. We present a low cost solution to degrade iris authentication while still permitting the utility of gaze tracking with acceptable accuracy. By demonstrating this solution on a commodity eye tracker, this paper urges the community to think about iris based authentication as a byproduct of eye tracking, and create solutions that empower a user to control this biometric.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134392835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Detecting cognitive bias in a relevance assessment task using an eye tracker 利用眼动仪检测相关性评估任务中的认知偏差
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3319824
Christopher G. Harris
{"title":"Detecting cognitive bias in a relevance assessment task using an eye tracker","authors":"Christopher G. Harris","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3319824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319824","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive biases, such as the bandwagon effect, occur when a participant places a disproportionate emphasis on external information when making decisions under uncertainty. These effects are challenging for humans to overcome - even when they are explicitly made aware of their own biases. One challenge for researchers is to detect if the information is used in decision making and to what degree. One can gain a better understanding of how this external information is used in decision making using an eye tracker. In this paper, we evaluate cognitive biases in the context of assessing the binary relevance of a set of documents in response to a given information need. We show that these cognitive biases can be observed by examining gaze time in Areas of Interest (AOI) that contain this pertinent external information.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Automatic quick-phase detection in bedside recordings from patients with acute dizziness and nystagmus 急性头晕和眼球震颤患者床边记录的自动快速相位检测
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3322873
Sai Akanksha Punuganti, Jing Tian, J. Otero-Millan
{"title":"Automatic quick-phase detection in bedside recordings from patients with acute dizziness and nystagmus","authors":"Sai Akanksha Punuganti, Jing Tian, J. Otero-Millan","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3322873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3322873","url":null,"abstract":"Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. It can be diagnosed and treated with simple maneuvers done by vestibular experts. However, there is a high rate of misdiagnosis that results in high medical costs from unnecessary neuroimaging tests. Here we show how to improve saccade detection methods for automatic detection of quick-phases of nystagmus, a key sign of BPPV. We test our method using eye movement data recorded in patients during the diagnostic maneuver.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114753077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
SacCalib
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3317956.3321553
Michael Xuelin Huang, Andreas Bulling
{"title":"SacCalib","authors":"Michael Xuelin Huang, Andreas Bulling","doi":"10.1145/3317956.3321553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3317956.3321553","url":null,"abstract":"Recent methods to automatically calibrate stationary eye trackers were shown to effectively reduce inherent calibration distortion. However, these methods require additional information, such as mouse clicks or on-screen content. We propose the first method that only requires users' eye movements to reduce calibration distortion in the background while users naturally look at an interface. Our method exploits that calibration distortion makes straight saccade trajectories appear curved between the saccadic start and end points. We show that this curving effect is systematic and the result of distorted gaze projection plane. To mitigate calibration distortion, our method undistorts this plane by straightening saccade trajectories using image warping. We show that this approach improves over the common six-point calibration and is promising for reducing distortion. As such, it provides a non-intrusive solution to alleviating accuracy decrease of eye tracker during long-term use.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125333986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Towards a low cost and high speed mobile eye tracker 朝着低成本、高速移动眼动仪的方向发展
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3319841
F. H. Borsato, C. Morimoto
{"title":"Towards a low cost and high speed mobile eye tracker","authors":"F. H. Borsato, C. Morimoto","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3319841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319841","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent developments in eye tracking technology, mobile eye trackers (ET) are still expensive devices limited to a few hundred samples per second. High speed ETs (closer to 1 KHz) can provide improved flexibility for data filtering and more reliable event detection. To address these challenges, we present the Stroboscopic Catadioptric Eye Tracking (SCET) system, a novel approach for mobile ET based on rolling shutter cameras and stroboscopic structured infrared lighting. SCET proposes a geometric model where the cornea acts as a spherical mirror in a catadioptric system, changing the projection as it moves. Calibration methods for the geometry of the system and for the gaze estimation are presented. Instead of tracking common eye features, such as the pupil center, we track multiple glints on the cornea. By carefully adjusting the camera exposure and the lighting period, we show how one image frame can be divided into several bands to increase the temporal resolution of the gaze estimates. We assess the model in a simulated environment and also describe a prototype implementation that demonstrates the feasibility of SCET, which we envision as a step further in the direction of a mobile, robust, affordable, and high-speed eye tracker.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131919356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Fitts' law study of pupil dilations in a head-mounted display 头戴式显示器瞳孔扩张的菲茨定律研究
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3319831
Per Baekgaard, J. P. Hansen, Katsumi Minakata, I. Mackenzie
{"title":"A Fitts' law study of pupil dilations in a head-mounted display","authors":"Per Baekgaard, J. P. Hansen, Katsumi Minakata, I. Mackenzie","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3319831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319831","url":null,"abstract":"Head-mounted displays offer full control over lighting conditions. When equipped with eye tracking technology, they are well suited for experiments investigating pupil dilation in response to cognitive tasks, emotional stimuli, and motor task complexity, particularly for studies that would otherwise have required the use of a chinrest, since the eye cameras are fixed with respect to the head. This paper analyses pupil dilations for 13 out of 27 participants completing a Fitts' law task using a virtual reality headset with built-in eye tracking. The largest pupil dilation occurred for the condition subjectively rated as requiring the most physical and mental effort. Fitts' index of difficulty had no significant effect on pupil dilation, suggesting differences in motor task complexity may not affect pupil dilation.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129725126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
An intuitive visualization for rapid data analysis: using the DNA metaphor for eye movement patterns 用于快速数据分析的直观可视化:使用DNA比喻眼动模式
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3317958.3318227
Fabian Deitelhoff, A. Harrer, Andrea Kienle
{"title":"An intuitive visualization for rapid data analysis: using the DNA metaphor for eye movement patterns","authors":"Fabian Deitelhoff, A. Harrer, Andrea Kienle","doi":"10.1145/3317958.3318227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3317958.3318227","url":null,"abstract":"Eye tracking has become a valuable approach in user-centered studies, because it adds an additional source of information that can be recorded for later analysis, instead of just relying on the task completion and the time to completion. Without proper analysis of eye tracking data, important information can remain untold. In this paper, we present an intuitive visualization for rapid data analysis of eye movement patterns. Compared to heat maps or scan path visualizations, AOI-DNAs are easy to implement and take less effort to detect eye movement patterns. Therefore, they are viable for visual data mining and offer capabilities for user interactions for extended visual analytics. In conclusion, we implemented the first prototype to use AOI-DNAs and the first version of a fuzzy search to highlight eye movement patterns. We applied the proposed visualizations in a preliminary analysis to a well-known dataset to illustrate the practical usefulness as a case study in this paper.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132109519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eye gaze and head gaze in collaborative games 合作游戏中的眼睛注视和头部注视
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3317959.3321489
O. Špakov, H. Istance, Kari-Jouko Räihä, Tiia Viitanen, H. Siirtola
{"title":"Eye gaze and head gaze in collaborative games","authors":"O. Špakov, H. Istance, Kari-Jouko Räihä, Tiia Viitanen, H. Siirtola","doi":"10.1145/3317959.3321489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3317959.3321489","url":null,"abstract":"We present an investigation of sharing the focus of visual attention between two players in a collaborative game, so that where one player was looking was visible to the other. The difference between using head-gaze and eye-gaze to estimate the point of regard was studied, the motive being that recording head-gaze is easier and cheaper than eye-gaze. Two experiments are reported, the first investigates the effect of a high immersion presentation of the game in VR Head Mounted Display compared with a lower immersion desktop presentation. The second examines the high immersion condition in more detail. The studies show that in spite of there being many factors that could affect the outcome of a relatively short period of game play, sharing eye-gaze in the high immersion condition produces shorter overall durations and better subjective ratings of team work than does sharing head-gaze. This difference is not apparent in the low immersion condition. The findings are a good argument for exploiting the opportunities for including and using eye tracking within head mounted displays in the context of collaborative games.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131836494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Visually analyzing eye movements on natural language texts and source code snippets 在自然语言文本和源代码片段上可视化地分析眼球运动
Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1145/3314111.3319917
Tanja Blascheck, Bonita Sharif
{"title":"Visually analyzing eye movements on natural language texts and source code snippets","authors":"Tanja Blascheck, Bonita Sharif","doi":"10.1145/3314111.3319917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319917","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze eye movement data of 26 participants using a quantitative and qualitative approach to investigate how people read natural language text in comparison to source code. In particular, we use the radial transition graph visualization to explore strategies of participants during these reading tasks and extract common patterns amongst participants. We illustrate via examples how visualization can play a role at uncovering behavior of people while reading natural language text versus source code. Our results show that the linear reading order of natural text is only partially applicable to source code reading. We found patterns representing a linear order and also patterns that represent reading of the source code in execution order. Participants also focus more on those areas that are important to comprehend core functionality and we found that they skip unimportant constructs such as brackets.","PeriodicalId":161901,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications","volume":"11 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134544155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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