{"title":"Microinsurance in Western Asia","authors":"M. Loewe, Coralie Zaccar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2610108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2610108","url":null,"abstract":"There are some microinsurance schemes in Western Asia but not many. The question is why? The existence of microinsurance in Western Asia shows that it is principally feasible in this part of the world. And the large range of different products offered by the existing scheme shows that the potential of microinsurance in the region is substantial. Apparently, most different actors can organise microinsurance as both, micro-takāful and conventional microinsurance.However, there are at least five handicaps for tapping the full potential of microinsurance: (i) The microinsurance concept is still very little known throughout the region. (ii) Most NGOs and co-operatives suffer from weak capacities, MFIs have only limited out-reach with the exception of Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine, and in most Western Asian countries, insurance companies do not see a need to turn to low-income earners. (iii) Insurance, co-operative and NGO laws of several countries constitute constraints to several forms of microinsurance. (iv) Commercial companies and third-sector organisations (non-profit organisations being organised by members of society bottom-up) tend to mistrust each other and therefore have difficulties to co-operate. (v) Many citizens continue to expect solutions for their social problems mainly from the government rather than themselves.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114741625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lori Beaman, Dean S. Karlan, Bram Thuysbaert, C. Udry
{"title":"Self-Selection into Credit Markets: Evidence from Agriculture in Mali","authors":"Lori Beaman, Dean S. Karlan, Bram Thuysbaert, C. Udry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2475089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2475089","url":null,"abstract":"We partnered with a micro-lender in Mali to randomize credit offers at the village level. Then, in no-loan control villages, we gave cash grants to randomly selected households. These grants led to higher agricultural investments and profits, thus showing that liquidity constraints bind with respect to agricultural investment. In loan-villages, we gave grants to a random subset of farmers who (endogenously) did not borrow. These farmers have lower – in fact zero – marginal returns to the grants. Thus we find important heterogeneity in returns to investment and strong evidence that farmers with higher marginal returns to investment self-select into lending programs.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116605339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Muslim Countries","authors":"A. Ashraf, M. Hassan, William J. Hippler","doi":"10.1108/H-11-2013-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/H-11-2013-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - – The aim of the paper is to analyze whether performance measures and their factors for microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Muslim countries are significantly different from those in their non-Muslim counterparts, central to the Islamic scholars' argument that religious and cultural norms in Muslim countries may drive the preference of Islamic microfinance over conventional microfinance. Design/methodology/approach - – Using a cross-sectional dataset of 2,138 firm-years for 754 different MFIs across 83 countries, 33 Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) member Muslim countries and 50 non-member countries, we analyzed the MFI performance based on three sets of measures: outreach, loan recovery and profitability and overall financial performance measures, with respect to two sets of explanatory variables, namely, country-specific and firm-level variables. Findings - – Results show that country gross domestic product size is positively related with profitability, and the percentage of women borrowers is also significant in driving loan recovery and firm profitability in the OIC sample, but they are otherwise not significant for the rest of the world sample. Practical implications - – This study contributes to the understanding of the core argument in the motivation of Islamic MFIs, which is whether cultural and religious factors are important for MFI success in Muslim countries. Originality/value - – This study introduces a variable that measures the difference between a country's independence year and their OIC membership year as a proxy for the “country religious inclination” of a Muslim country. Results suggest that countries with delayed membership in OIC show lower inclination to popular Islamic beliefs and higher market penetration of conventional microfinance outreach. Positive relationships among a country's religious inclination and loan loss ratios and loan provisions are also consistent with the moral hazard hypothesis that few religious communities may be more prone to default.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Success of BRAC Tanzania's Microcredit Programme","authors":"D. Brockington, N. Banks","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2456598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2456598","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the growth of BRAC’s microcredit programme in Tanzania and some of the variety in and patterns of that growth. BRAC’s microfinance programme has grown dramatically and significantly within Tanzania and serves tens of thousands of women across large parts of the country. We examine quantitative data from April 2011 to April 2013, and use observation of groups and client and staff interviews from 2012-2013 to explore that success. We argue that the growth is based upon its effective marketing strategy and the fundamental usefulness of BRAC’s loans to its clients. But the findings also show that members were leaving at the time of the research. This could reflect a number of dissatisfactions that BRAC’s clients have with some aspects of BRAC’s microfinance products and the performance of its staff. The staff problems are confirmed by the staff themselves, both senior and junior. They are consistent with failings, across all of Tanzania, with respect to training and capacity in the finance and microfinance sectors generally. They also reflect the difficulties of cross-cultural adaptation, and learning to work in Tanzanian contexts (for Bangladeshi staff), and learning to work in a Bangladeshi organisation (for Tanzanian staff) that were current at the moment we conducted our observations. The interesting development, which has happened rapidly after this research concluded, is that BRAC’s staffing has changed significantly, with many more senior Tanzanian appointments. This may have considerable implications for the continued development of the organisation.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125001494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Funding the Development of Mirco Enterprises in Rural Areas from PROW 2007-2013 - Results","authors":"Agnieszka Żołądkiewicz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2264699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2264699","url":null,"abstract":"Micro enterprises give hope to create new jobs, thereby minimizing unemployment and accelerating economic growth. After Polish accession to the EU enterprises, especially enterprises in rural areas gained access to public funds – Action 312 “Creation and development of micro enterprises”. The article presents basic information about the Action 312 “Creation and development of micro enterprises”. Particular attention was paid to the presentation of the initial results of the implementation of activities under the Action 312, manifested mainly by an increase in employment and improving the financial health of companies.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130058417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Al mamun, J. Adaikalam, Sazali Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Nurul Huda Mazumder
{"title":"Comparing the Effect of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia's (AIM) Microcredit Program on Quality of Life in Urban and Rural Malaysia","authors":"A. Al mamun, J. Adaikalam, Sazali Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Nurul Huda Mazumder","doi":"10.5897/AJBM11.1954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1954","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to measure and compare the impact of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia’s (AIM) microcredit programs on low-income household’s quality of life between urban and rural Peninsular Malaysia. To achieve the aforementioned objective, this study employed a cross-sectional data analysis using stratified random sampling method to examine whether participation in AIM’s microcredit programs improved the quality of life of low-income households. A quality of life index was developed using eleven selected indicators, namely, use of permanent housing materials for the walls, floors and roofs, environmentally safe cooking fuel, better access to public water supply and healthy sanitary facilities. Findings of this study revealed that with participation in AIM’s microcredit programs, the quality of life index as measured by these indicators improved for urban households. In fact, the overall quality of life among AIM borrowers was found to improve after participation. The current level of quality of life of the low-income urban households also appeared to be better than that of poor rural borrowers’ households. The results suggest that AIM should, therefore, focus on increasing the outreach by targeting ‘low income clients’ in urban as well as rural Malaysia. Moreover, AIM also should review and re-organize their programs in order to come up with a dynamic and well-diversified microfinance program to fulfill all financial needs of urban clients.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115781065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status of Microfinance in the World","authors":"S. Aggarwal, Anurag Pahuja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3430180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3430180","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study tries to study the concept of microfinance around the world and India.<br><br>Method and Statistical Analysis: This study is based on analysis of secondary data. Various reports have been analyzed in order to achieve the objectives.<br><br>Findings: The result shows microfinance is very prevalent now a day. Many independent studies carried out by external agencies which include the World Bank, the International Food Research Policy Institute (IFPRI) and the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), reveals the Grameen Banks and microfinance institutions provide positive impact on its poor and formerly poor borrowers, which has been properly documented for future reference.<br><br>Application/Improvements: Microfinance is a bridge to financial services for those small entrepreneurs and small businesses that have limited access to banking and related services. It provides for high quality and affordable financial services to low income people and households for productive activities, build assets, stabilize consumption, and protect against risk.","PeriodicalId":161638,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Micro-Loans (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125362810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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