Journal of Laboratory Physicians最新文献

{"title":"A Study of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis according to the Columbia Classification and Its Correlation with the Clinical Outcome.","authors":"Swapna Nuguri,&nbsp;Meenakshi Swain,&nbsp;Michelle de Padua,&nbsp;Swarnalata Gowrishankar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>  Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in both adults and children. The \"Columbia classification of FSGS\" includes five variants; not otherwise specified (NOS), tip, perihilar, cellular, and collapsing variants that may have different prognostic and therapeutic implications. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  This is a retrospective study and was carried out in the Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad. Of a total of 11,691 kidney biopsies over a 7-year period, from 2006 to 2012, 824 cases were diagnosed as FSGS, of which 610 cases in which detailed clinical findings were available were included in this study. FSGS was then categorized according to the Columbia classification. <b>Results</b>  FSGS, NOS was the predominant histomorphological variant. Serum creatinine was significantly high in the collapsing variant, followed by NOS. Follow-up data was available for 103 cases,72.8% had complete remission, 10.6% had partial remission, and in 16.5 % there was no remission. Relapses were observed in 6.7% cases, two patients (1.9%) succumbed, and 4.8% cases progressed to chronic kidney disease. <b>Conclusion</b>  This study showed that perihilar variant was less prevalent, with tip and cellular variants being more prevalent in Indian subcontinent compared to Western literature. Collapsing variant was also less common.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/b4/10-1055-s-0043-1761930.PMC10411223.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Disk Diffusion and Agar Dilution Method for the Detection of Mupirocin Resistance in Staphylococcal Isolates from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.","authors":"Vijaya Shivanna,&nbsp;Venkatesha Dasegowda","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims and Objectives</b>  Mupirocin is a widely used topical antibiotic for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. This has resulted in resistance leading to treatment failure. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of mupirocin resistance among staphylococcal isolates obtained from the skin and soft tissue infections. Also, comparison of disc diffusion and agar dilution method in detecting mupirocin resistance was done. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary health care center in Karnataka from January to December, 2018. Clinical samples such as wound swabs, tissues, and pus were included in the study. All staphylococcal isolates were screened for mupirocin resistance using 5 µg and 200 µg discs for low-level (MuL) and high-level mupirocin resistance (MuH), respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. <b>Results</b>  Out of 100 staphylococcal isolates, 68 were <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and 32 were CoNS. MuH was detected in 11 isolates. MuH was more common in CoNS (10/11) compared with <i>S. aureus</i> (1/11). MuL was not found in the study. <b>Discussion</b>  In our study, 10 out of 11 mupirocin-resistant isolates were methicillin resistant, which is statistically significant ( <i>p</i>  < 0.05). The correlation between results of disc diffusion and MIC were appropriate in this study. <b>Conclusion</b>  Judicial prescription of mupirocin after knowing the susceptibility report should become the standard practice. Screening for mupirocin resistance can be done by disc diffusion in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/97/10-1055-s-0042-1760672.PMC10411145.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Spectrum and β-APP Immunoreactivity as a Diagnostic Tool of Diffuse Axonal Injury following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Novel Classification.","authors":"Meenakshi Sharma,&nbsp;Arulselvi Subramaniam,&nbsp;Kangana Sengar,&nbsp;Vaishali Suri,&nbsp;Deepak Agrawal,&nbsp;Nabarun Chakraborty,&nbsp;Ravindra Mohan Pandey,&nbsp;Rajesh Malhotra,&nbsp;Sanjeev Lalwani","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim</b>  Different deposition patterns and grading systems used to define and identify DAI remain discordant and to date these are a challenge in clinical practice. Our main objective was to study the post-mortem axonal changes and develop a grading system to identify DAI on the basis of histopathological and immunoreactive β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) observations in severe TBI cases. <b>Methods</b>  Prospective study with 35 decedents with sTBI (GCS score ≤ 8) was conducted and samples were collected from three different sites-corpus callosum, thalamus and brain stem. Serial sections from each site were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of β-APP. <b>Results</b>  We developed a grading system based on histopathological characteristics to assess the overall damage of axonal injury. We found maximum histopathological changes in cases with prolonged stay. Corpus callosum showed maximum changes in both gradings. Curiously, we also detected axonal swellings with H&E staining. Usually neglected, the thalamus also showed significant histopathological and immunoreactive changes for sTBI. <b>Conclusion</b>  Our study based on histopathological and β-APP scoring system to define and identify DAI thus facilitates accurate diagnosis of DAI post mortem, which has forensic implications, and may further contribute toward survival and improvement of quality of life of sTBI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/14/10-1055-s-0043-1761926.PMC10411120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnoses and Outcomes of Patients with Suspicion of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Raised High Sensitive Troponin I: A Single Center Study from Pakistan.","authors":"Fatima Kanani,&nbsp;Sidra Maqsood,&nbsp;Vandana Wadhwani,&nbsp;Maliha Zubairy,&nbsp;Imran Iftikhar,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa Zubairi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>  Troponins are classically raised in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) although other cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes are recognized. We aimed to see the association of high sensitivity (Hs) Troponin I values exceeding the sex-specific 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) with diagnoses, emergency department (ED) outcomes, 30-day outcomes of admitted patients and predictors of ACS in both genders. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  A retrospective study of all patients presenting to the emergency department from January 2019 to April 2021 with suspicion of ACS and Hs-Troponin I values greater than the sex-specific 99th percentile URL. <b>Statistical Analysis</b>  SPSS version 24 was used, Pearson's chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, and odds ratios, including the 95% confidence intervals, for each characteristic were used for analysis. A <i>p</i> -value of < 0.05 was considered significant. <b>Results</b>  There were a total of 5,982 patients (3,031 males, 2,951 females), out of which 878 patients were admitted under the cardiology specialty. In patients who were admitted to the ward, mortality was higher in females (8.2%) with less than a 10-fold rise in Hs-Troponin I while similar in both genders (7.6%) in patients with Hs-troponin I greater than 10-fold of sex-specific 99th percentile URL. Raised low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was a significant factor associated with 2.4 times higher odds of ACS. <b>Conclusion</b>  Women with Hs-Troponin values up to 10 times the URL, i.e., 15.6-160 ng/L have higher mortality than their male counterparts. LDL-cholesterol is a significant risk factor for ACS which should be controlled for its prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/97/10-1055-s-0043-1761940.PMC10411135.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Gonococcal Infection Caused by a Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Presenting with Hemorrhagic Manifestation: A Case Report.","authors":"Yahaya Mohammed,&nbsp;Amina Gambo Umar,&nbsp;Muhammad Zainu Sabitu,&nbsp;Saratu Bello,&nbsp;Muktar Umar,&nbsp;Ahmed Kolawole Jimoh,&nbsp;Fatima Birnin Yauri Aliyu,&nbsp;Jibril Abubakar","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is rising in some parts of the world, but there is paucity of data on its true incidence from sub-Saharan Africa. DGI has varied manifestations in different population group. We report a case of a 30-year-old sexually active woman presenting with hemorrhagic symptoms 2 weeks after a surgery on account of diagnosis of uterine fibroid made at a peripheral hospital. A multidrug-resistant <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> was isolated from the wound on her surgical site and blood sample. She was managed with intravenous meropenem, pressure dressing, and blood products, with the patient making a full recovery after a week. This case is presented because it is a rare one. Moreover, there is the need to revive the awareness of clinicians on the existence of multidrug-resistant gonococcus in our environment. We herein report a case of DGI from Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/27/10-1055-s-0042-1758806.PMC10411079.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10349980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsporidia in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea at a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar,&nbsp;Varun Goel,&nbsp;Suneeta Meena,&nbsp;Purva Mathur,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar Kabra,&nbsp;Rakesh Lodha,&nbsp;Sarman Singh","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Human microsporidiosis presents as an important and rapidly emerging opportunistic infection. However, the exact burden of this infection especially in the pediatric population of Northern India remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of microsporidia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative pediatric patients who presented with diarrhea. <b>Methods</b>  A total of 263 children were recruited consisting of 98 HIV seropositive with diarrhea and 165 HIV seronegative but with diarrhea. Morning stool samples were collected and both direct and formol ether concentrated samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. The modified acid-fast staining was done for coccidian parasites and trichrome stain for microsporidia detection. Further, the species were detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a conserved region of the small ribosomal subunit rRNA gene of <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> , <i>Encephalitozoon hellem</i> , <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> , and <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i> . <b>Results</b>  Overall, one or more parasites were detected in 52.04% (51/98) of HIV seropositive and 53.33% (88/165) of seronegative children ( <i>p</i>  = 0.8391). However, coccidian parasites were detected in a significantly huge number of HIV seropositive children (21.43% [21/98]) as compared with HIV seronegative children (4.24% [7/165]). Microsporidial DNA could be detected in HIV seropositive with diarrhea children (17.35% [17/98]) by PCR. A significant correlation between low CD4 count (≤ 200/μL) and intestinal parasite positivity could be established. <b>Conclusion</b>  Microsporidia is a significant cause of diarrhea in HIV seropositive pediatric patients and should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses in such patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/12/10-1055-s-0043-1764482.PMC10411068.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10349983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotypic Profile of Multiple Myeloma: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience.","authors":"Asish Rath,&nbsp;Tribikram Panda,&nbsp;Jasmita Dass,&nbsp;Tulika Seth,&nbsp;Manoranjan Mahapatra,&nbsp;Seema Tyagi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Immunophenotyping and enumeration of plasma cells (PCs) by flow cytometry are deemed to be prognostically significant. However, PCs enumeration by flow cytometry is challenging owing to discrepancy with morphology and PCs loss during sample processing. Enumeration and differentiation of abnormal plasma cells (APCs) and normal plasma cells (NPCs) is difficult because abnormal antigen expression can be seen in subsets of NPCs. This is particularly true when a limited panel of antibodies are relied upon. <b>Aims and purpose</b>  To study the immunophenotypic profile of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) cases by flow cytometry and evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of individual antigens and combinations. <b>Methods</b>  We studied immunophenotype of PCs in newly diagnosed MM cases ( <i>n</i>  = 48) and control cases ( <i>n</i>  = 10) by a 6-color, 3-tube flow cytometry panel. The sensitivities and specificities of antigens in MM were evaluated and compared with control cases. <b>Results</b>  Majority of MM cases ( <i>n</i>  = 43) had < 3% NPCs. CD19 was the most sensitive (100%) and CD81 was the most specific marker (100%) for differentiating APCs from NPCs. CD38 MFI came out as a useful marker for APCs identification. In combination, CD19 and CD81 had a higher sensitivity and specificity to detect APCs. <b>Conclusion</b>  NPCs may show aberrant antigen expression. A combination of multiple markers including CD81 and CD38 MFI should be used for accurate APC detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/4f/10-1055-s-0043-1761204.PMC10411076.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomato Flu in the Time of COVID-19: Another Challenge for the Indian Health System.","authors":"Vibha Mehta,&nbsp;J S Rahul,&nbsp;Harsh Vardhan Shukla,&nbsp;Khushboo Pandey","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Just as the country has recently dealt with the increase in COVID-19 and monkey pox cases, another dark cloud of \"Tomato flu/ Tomato fever\" loomed the skies of the nation. As of 24 august, 2022, 100 kids mainly below the age of 5 have been reported showing symptoms of the flu. Another state of Odisha, suspected similar infectious etiology in 36 cases out of which 26 Children were below the age of 10. This endemic viral illness has triggered an alert to the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, along with the entire nation at large. The wrath of this disease is not just restricted to India but crossing borders. Tang, et al reported a case of a 13-month-old female child and her 5-year old brother based in United kingdom with similar etiology. Through this report, we aim to alert the frontline pediatricians, who are most likely to come across and manage such daunting cases with these non-specific clinical features in their routine clinical practice across the globe. Early and extreme preventive and surveillance measures must be undertaken to prevent substantial loss in public and private sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/79/10-1055-s-0043-1761927.PMC10411235.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traversing Their Path to the Peripheral Smear: The Journey of Traumatized Red Blood Cells.","authors":"Chethana Mannem,&nbsp;Tuba Saher,&nbsp;Gayathri Bilagali Ramdas","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Thrombotic microangiopathy encompasses a wide range of conditions, of which thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura being a medical emergency requires prompt intervention, with schistocytes being a reliable morphological indicator of microvascular injury. However, there are conditions other than thrombotic microangiopathic anemia where schistocytes can be seen in large numbers. These nonthrombotic microangiopathic conditions are broadly grouped under cytoskeletal abnormalities, mechanical damage, and thermal injuries. Automated methods in schistocyte evaluation have shown varied reproducibility requiring manual identification. International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) recommends standardized morphological criteria and quantitative assessment as a percentage after counting at least 1,000 red blood cells in optimal areas of smear to reduce interobserver variability. <b>Objectives</b>  The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantitate schistocytes in thrombotic microangiopathic and nonthrombotic microangiopathic groups using ICSH guidelines and to evaluate interobserver reproducibility of manual schistocyte count. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  Overall, 157 peripheral blood smears showing schistocytes were studied by two independent observers using ICSH recommendations on light microscopy. The hematological findings were correlated with clinical diagnosis and other relevant investigations. <b>Results</b>  Schistocytes were observed in five cases of thrombotic microangiopathic anemia and 152 cases of nonthrombotic microangiopathic anemia. Schistocyte count in thrombotic microangiopathic anemia and nonthrombotic microangiopathic anemia groups with mean (±standard deviation) value was 2.28 ± 2.65% and 0.76 ± 0.67%, respectively ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the two observers was 0.59 (confidence interval = 0.966-1.346) showing an excellent agreement on the reproducibility of schistocytes by application of ICSH guidelines. <b>Conclusion</b>  Percentage of schistocytes more than 1% is a robust morphological indicator for diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathic anemia in adults. Strict application of ICSH guidelines reduces interobserver bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/45/09/10-1055-s-0043-1764481.PMC10411180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Prevalence of SCCmec Types in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in a Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Rhea Michelle J Khodabux,&nbsp;Shanthi Mariappan,&nbsp;Uma Sekar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a widely recognized multidrug-resistant bacteria presenting a major therapeutic challenge to clinicians. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> possesses a number of pathogenicity factors that attribute to the severity of infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the common virulence genes in clinical isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and to characterize the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types among MRSA in a tertiary care center. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  A total of 133 clinical isolates were included in this study. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was screened using cefoxitin disc; m <i>ecA</i> and <i>mecC</i> genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was done to detect 12 virulence factors such as <i>hla</i> , <i>hlb</i> , <i>fnbA</i> , <i>fnbB</i> , <i>sea</i> , <i>seb</i> , <i>sec</i> , <i>icaA</i> , <i>clfA</i> , <i>tst</i> , <i>pvl,</i> and <i>eta</i> . SCCmec typing was done by multiplex PCR. <b>Results</b>  Of the 133 clinical isolates, 54 (40.6%) were MRSA. The most common virulence gene detected was <i>hlb</i> (61.6%), <i>hla</i> (39%), and <i>fnbA</i> (37%). SCCmec type I was the most predominant. Mortality rate of 6.7% was observed among patients with staphylococcal infections. Univariate analysis of mortality associated virulence genes did not reveal any significant association between virulence genes and mortality. <b>Conclusion</b>  The distribution of virulence genes is similar in both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> . MRSA belongs to the SCCmec types I to IV. Possession of multiple virulence factors and multidrug resistance profile makes <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> a formidable pathogen in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/e7/10-1055-s-0043-1764483.PMC10411210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}