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Methods for Synthesis of Hydrogel Networks: A Review 水凝胶网络的合成方法综述
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1996-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/15321799608015226
A. M. Mathur, S. K. Moorjani, A. Scranton
{"title":"Methods for Synthesis of Hydrogel Networks: A Review","authors":"A. M. Mathur, S. K. Moorjani, A. Scranton","doi":"10.1080/15321799608015226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321799608015226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hydrogels are macromolecular networks that swell, but do not dissolve, in water. The ability of hydrogels to absorb water arises from hydrophilic functional groups attached to the polymeric backbone, while their resistance to dissolution arises from crosslinks between network chains. Many materials, both naturally occurring and synthetic, fit the definition of hydrogels. Crosslinked dextrans and collagens are examples of natural polymers that are modified to produce hydrogels. Classes of synthetic hydrogels include poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylates), poly(acrylamide), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(acry1ic acid), and poly(vinyl alcohol).","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":"405-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89799444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 159
Recent Advances in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones and Related Compounds 内酯及相关化合物开环聚合研究进展
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/15321799508014594
Anders Lögfren, A. Albertsson, P. Dubois, R. Jerome
{"title":"Recent Advances in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones and Related Compounds","authors":"Anders Lögfren, A. Albertsson, P. Dubois, R. Jerome","doi":"10.1080/15321799508014594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321799508014594","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polyesters are currently synthesized by a step-growth mechanism from a mixture of a diol and a diacid (or a diacid derivative), or from a hydroxy-acid when available. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones and related compounds is an alternative method for the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters. Comparison of these two mechanisms is clearly in favor of the polyaddition process. The drawbacks of polycondensation are well known:high temperatures and long reaction times are required to produce high-molecular-weight chains. Even though conversion of the hydroxyl and acid group is close to completion, any departure from the reaction stoichiometry has a very detrimental effect on the chain length.","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":"379-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86357504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 156
Polymer-Polymer Interdiffusion and Adhesion 聚合物-聚合物的相互扩散和粘附
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/15321799408009635
E. Jabbari, N. Peppas
{"title":"Polymer-Polymer Interdiffusion and Adhesion","authors":"E. Jabbari, N. Peppas","doi":"10.1080/15321799408009635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321799408009635","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adhesion is a phenomenon related to microscopic and macroscopic interactions between two polymer surfaces brought into intimate contact. This includes microscopic as well as macroscopic interactions. The most important theories of adhesion for polymer-polymer interfaces are the wetting and diffusion theories. The wetting theory describes the initial stage of adhesion in bringing the two polymers into intimate contact. After molecular contact is established, segments of the two polymers diffuse across the interface and the interface heals as a function of time [1, 2]. Therefore, the extent of adhesion at polymer-polymer interfaces is determined by the extent of diffusion and the interfacial thickness between the two polymers.","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":"205-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80652014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
CONTROLLED POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATES 丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的控制聚合
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15321799408009636
T. P. Davis, D. Haddleton, S. Richards
{"title":"CONTROLLED POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLATES AND METHACRYLATES","authors":"T. P. Davis, D. Haddleton, S. Richards","doi":"10.1080/15321799408009636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15321799408009636","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methacrylates and acrylates are traditionally polymerized by free-radical techniques. This can be carried out in a variety of media and is applicable to a wide range of functionalized methacrylates. The versatility of this synthetic route has been exploited for industrial purposes. ranging from bulk polymerized optically transparent materials to paints and surface coatings.","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"243-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84514928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 94
REACTIVITY OF MACROMONOMERS IN FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 自由基聚合中大单体的反应性
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050912
G. Meijs, E. Rizzardo
{"title":"REACTIVITY OF MACROMONOMERS IN FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION","authors":"G. Meijs, E. Rizzardo","doi":"10.1080/07366579008050912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366579008050912","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Macromonomers are linear polymeric o r oligomeric species which, because of the presence of a reactive end group, have the potential either to polymerize with themselves or with comonomers. The reactive group is most commonly a vinyl group that can participate in free radical polymerization, but any polymerizable end group, such as epoxy, bis-hydroxy, etc., is sufficient for the molecule to be classified as a macromonomer. The words “macromer” and “macromonomer” are often used interchangeably, although the former term was introduced originally as a trademark of CPC International to describe the macromonomers discovered by Milkovich [1].","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"45 1","pages":"305-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79048472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
THE LITHIUM CHLORIDE/DIMETHYLACETAMIDE SOLVENT FOR CELLULOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW 氯化锂/二甲基乙酰胺纤维素溶剂:文献综述
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050914
Timothy R. Dawsey, C. McCormick
{"title":"THE LITHIUM CHLORIDE/DIMETHYLACETAMIDE SOLVENT FOR CELLULOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Timothy R. Dawsey, C. McCormick","doi":"10.1080/07366579008050914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366579008050914","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cellulose or poly(1·4)-β-D-D-glucose is the most abundant, renewable organic raw material [1]. The molocular structure (Fig. 1) consists of cellobiose repeating units which allow chain-packing by intermolecular [2] and intramolecular [3] hydrogen-bonding. Such strong interactions are responsible for excellent inherent mechanical properties, yet at the same time, interfere with efforts to process or modify the material. Only in a few instances have cellulose derivatives been exploited commercially and certainly not to the extent predicted from raw material availability and cost. Controllable, uniform derivatization has been hampered by the lack of suitable, nondegrading solvents or by a limited range of synthetic reactions within these solvents.","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"405-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87453045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 275
POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERIC TO POLYMERIC VESICLES. CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS 单体到聚合囊泡的聚合。表征及应用
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050913
Constantinos N. Paleos
{"title":"POLYMERIZATION OF MONOMERIC TO POLYMERIC VESICLES. CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS","authors":"Constantinos N. Paleos","doi":"10.1080/07366579008050913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366579008050913","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The first reports on the polymerization of monomeric vesicles to their polymerized counterparts [1–18] appeared in the literature in the early 1980s. The primary goal of this early work was to stabilize the relatively unstable monomeric vesicles in order to stimulate the function of biological membranes. Triggered by these at-tempts and the prospects for utilization of polymerized vesicles as energy conversion systems [19–23], as drug-carriers [24–26] in medicine, and as media for the performance of biomimetic reactions [27], the subject of formation and characterization of polymerized vesicles has matured significantly in the last 10 years. In the early stages of research following the molecular requirements that had been set for the synthesis of vesicle-forming surfactants, a great number of polymerizable amphiphiles were prepared. However, these first primarily synthetic investigations were followed by more elaborate studies on the kinetics and mechanisms of polymerization coupled with compara...","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":"379-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75818991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Transport studies on macromolecules used as drug carriers 作为药物载体的大分子转运研究
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050915
P. Kulkarni, S. B. Rajur, P. Antich, T. Aminabhavi, M. I. Aralaguppi
{"title":"Transport studies on macromolecules used as drug carriers","authors":"P. Kulkarni, S. B. Rajur, P. Antich, T. Aminabhavi, M. I. Aralaguppi","doi":"10.1080/07366579008050915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366579008050915","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Modecular transport of drugs through carier polymeric materds has been an active area of research. A number of soluble polymers have been used to deliver the drugs selectively to specific parts of the body. The literature in this area of research is extensive and diverse. An effort has been made to review the transport of drug molecules through physiological systems via polymeric materials. A brief introduction to the fundamentals and concepts which are frequently used in the drug-delivery area are covered in the following sections. Various aspects of the problems related to polymer-drug complexes, carrier molecules, and their degradability have been discussed. Both natural and synthetic biopolymers have been included in the discussion. Only representative references during the period 1977–1989 have been used in the discussion of results, and thus the reader is advised to look further into the original literature for greater information.","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":"441-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75692076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
DEGRADATION AND STABILIZATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) 聚氯乙烯的降解与稳定
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050916
A. Yassin, M. Sabaa
{"title":"DEGRADATION AND STABILIZATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)","authors":"A. Yassin, M. Sabaa","doi":"10.1080/07366579008050916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366579008050916","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poly(viny1 chloride) (PVC) has many desirable characteristics that have allowed it to achieve its present status as one of the most important commercial polymers. In spite of its enormous technical and economic importance, PVC still possesses many problems. Its rather low stability to the influence of heat and light results in discoloration, hydrogen chloride loss, and serious corrosion phenomena [1], accompanied by changes in the mechanical properties of the article together with a decrease or an increase in molecular weight as a result of chain sassion or crosslinking of the polymer molecules, respectively [2].","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"491-558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89683530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 108
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DEGRADATION, STABILIZATION, AND SENSITIZATION OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯降解、稳定和敏化的新进展
Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Pub Date : 1990-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/07366579008050908
R. Chandra, R. Saini
{"title":"NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DEGRADATION, STABILIZATION, AND SENSITIZATION OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)","authors":"R. Chandra, R. Saini","doi":"10.1080/07366579008050908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07366579008050908","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physical and chemical processes, combined under the general term aging, begin immediately after formation of a polymer. Oxygen and other components of the environment -ozone, water, etc.-are involved. Aging is accelerated by a rise in temperature, light, strong ionizing radiations, and mechanical stresses, which are especially rapid under processing conditions for thermoplastic polymers. Poly(methy1 methacrylate) (PMMA) is of particular interest, since at least at temperatures where thermal degradation is important, photolysis occurs by end-group initiation and is accompanied by extensive depolymerization. This polymer has also been photodegraded in air at room temperature by radiation from a low-pressure mercury lamp, and a quantum yield for random chain scission has been determined. Owing to the importance of these points, it is believed that a review of studies of degradation, stabilization, and sensitization of PMMA up to the present date will supply information on the most general problems o...","PeriodicalId":16139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Macromolecular Science-reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"155-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86013017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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