Traktory i sel'hozmashiny最新文献

{"title":"Determination of the optimal composition of mixed fuel based on environmental indicators of diesel engine","authors":"S. Plotnikov, P.V. Gnevashev","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2021-2-16-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-2-16-20","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative motor fuel is a mixture of various hydrocarbons and their compounds. Motor fuel is based on naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The performance characteristics of the fuel depend on its composition. When developing methods for monitoring the characteristics of fuels, the main problem is their multicomponent nature, since each component contributes to the operational characteristics. The operational characteristics are: cetane number, sulfur content, water-soluble acids and alkalis, lower heat of combustion and some others. To determine them, the combustion of diesel fuel (DF) and the subsequent analysis of the combustion products are carried out. The disadvantage of the existing method is the fact that it is impossible to quickly control the fuel at the place of operation, at a tank farm, a gas station, a process pipe or a vehicle fuel tank. When designing analyzers and measuring instruments the correlation dependences, which link the value of the operational property of the fuel with its physicochemical characteristics, are used. Taking into account the use of various types of alternative fuels (AT) with a wide range of their operational properties, the problem of a quick and accurate preliminary assessment of these proper-ties arises. Along with diesel fuel, it is proposed to use similar physicochemical methods to assess the flammability of alternative fuels.","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122617620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformable working bodies for nonmoldboard cultivation of soil","authors":"G. G. Parhomenko","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2019-4-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-4-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124090534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the process of intake and gas exchange of a diesel engine when operating on mixed fuel","authors":"S. Buzikov","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2021-5-6-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-5-6-12","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research is to determine the parameters of the diesel intake and gas exchange process when using a mixed fuel (MF), consisting of diesel fuel (DF) and rapeseed oil (RO). The main goal of this work is to determine the dependences of the parameters of the intake and gas ex-change of a diesel engine on the composition used by the MF. To achieve this goal, theoretical and experimental studies of the D-245.5S tractor diesel engine with a characteristic of 4ChN 11.0 / 12.5 were carried out on the following MF compositions: DF-80% + RO-20%, DF-45% + RO-55%, DF-20% + RO-80%, as well as pure diesel fuel. During the carried out studies there were obtained the dependences of the hourly air flow rate, the cylinder filling factor and the charge density in the intake manifold of a diesel engine when operating on DF and MF on the crankshaft rotation speed and load at = 1800 min-1 and = 1400 min-1. It is theoretically determined and experimentally confirmed that the composition of the used MF has practically no effect on the characteristics , and depending on of the diesel engine. As a result, it was found that with an increase of from 1400 min-1 to 1800 min-1 on all compositions of MF the increased from 276 kg / h to 394 kg / h, from 1.44 kg / m3 to 1.70 kg / m3, and at increase of from 1800 min-1 to 2000 min-1, the decreased from 394 to 322 kg / h, from 1.70 kg / m3 to 1.49 kg / m3 and from 0.97 to 0.77. With an increase from 0.2 to 1.2 MPa on all compositions the MF increased, at = 1400 min-1, from 187 to 276 kg/h, from 1,29 to 1,44 kg/m3 and from 0,73 to 0,97, at = 1800 min-1, from 274 to 394 kg/h, from 1,29 to 1,69 kg/ m3 и from 0,83 to 0,91, respectively.","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124542152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of methods for experimental and analytical determination of the contour area of the contact patch of a pneumatic tire with a support base","authors":"A. V. Lipkan, Electrification, A. Panasyuk, Z. A. Godzhayev, A. Lavrov, A. V. Rusanov, V. A. Kazakova","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2021-1-40-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-1-40-50","url":null,"abstract":"Subject of study. The results of experiments on the estimation of the error of methods of experi-mental and calculated determination of the contour area for the ecological assessment of a mobile energy device (MED) are presented. There was used the example of modern radial tires 360 / 70R24 of Bel-89 and 18.4R34 of F-11 agricultural tractor MTZ-1025.2. in modes of non-nominal loading at nominal load on tires and changes in tire pressure within the range recommended for field work. The purpose of the study. To assess the possibility of improving the computational method for determining the contour area of the contact patch of the tire tread of a pneumatic wheel based on the mathematical model of V.L. Biederman. Materials and methods. The assessment was carried out for four ways of determining the area of the tire contact patch: 1) directly measuring the area using a digital photograph of the tire contact patch in Kompas-3D V13 software with the de-termination of the scaling and method error using a square from 100x100 mm graph paper; 2) calcu-lation by the formula of the area of an ellipse, using the length and width of the tire contact patch, measured with a tape measure directly from the obtained print; 3) by calculation, determined from the digital photograph in Kompas-3D V13 software; 4) by calculation, determined by calculation using the parameters of the universal tire characteristic (UTC). Results and discussion. As a result of the experiments, it was found that for modern radial tractor tires, the static deformation of which does not exceed 18-22%, the method of theoretical determination of the contour area of the tire contact patch using the UTC parameters can be applied with sufficient (for engineering practice) accuracy. Full convergence of the calculated and experimental contour areas of the tire contact patch can be provided by the coefficient of their ratio. Conclusions. The carried out assessment of the possibility of using methods for calculating the conditional contour area of the tire showed that these methods can be well used for a comparative assessment of the technogenic mechanical impact of propellers on the soil.","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126578420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance assessment of motor oils by the wetting angle","authors":"V. V. Vahrushev, S. O. CHerepahin","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2019-4-62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-4-62-68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116063543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical characteristics of solid particles of contaminants in the coolant of automobile and tractor engines","authors":"S. Dragomirov, P.Ig. Eydel, A. Gamayunov, M. Dragomirov, L. Scientific","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2021-3-53-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-3-53-61","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the results of a study of the physicochemical characteristics of solid particles of contaminants present in the coolant of automobile and tractor engines. The data on the fractional, physical and chemical composition of solid particles of contamination are given. It was established that the generalized reason for the appearance of contaminants of various nature in liquid cooling systems of engines is the physicochemical interaction of the coolant (antifreeze) with different elements and dissimilar materials of the cooling system. The use of absolutely pure coolant in the cooling systems of automobile and tractor engines is practically unrealistic, since there will always be operating conditions that contribute to the formation of contamination. A number of chemical elements (in an amount from 1 to 47% of each element) were found in the composition of solid particles of coolant contaminants: iron Fe, silicon Si, aluminum Al, lead Pb, tin Sn, zinc Zn, calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, copper Cu. In addition, at a level of less than 1.0% (wt.), Such chemical elements as potassium K, sodium Na, titanium Ti, phosphorus P, sulfur S, chromium Cr, molyb-denum Mo, chlorine Cl, iridium Ir, nickel Ni, manganese Mn, etc. were found. The most dangerous contaminants are particles of iron Fe and silicon Si, contained in the coolant in an amount of up to 47 and 37%, respectively, and possessing significant hardness and angularity. The abrasive proper-ties of Fe and Si particles create the danger of removing a thin oxide film on the inner surface of the walls of the cooling radiator channels, leading to their premature destruction. In this regard, it is concluded that high-performance engine coolant filters should be used in automobiles and tractors to remove these contaminants from the flow.","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126420434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The results of the analysis of the continuous input of additives in the lubricating system of the engine operating on gaseous fuel","authors":"S. A. Utaev","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2019-3-76-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-3-76-80","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121811380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the number of axles of wheeled transport traction machines on rolling resistance","authors":"I. Shilo, N. Romanyuk, A. Orda, V. Kushnir","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2019-1-41-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-1-41-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123871674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the speed of the floating conveyor on the separating ability of the bottom of the inclined chamber","authors":"V. Ozhereliev, V. Nikitin, N. V. Sinyaya, V. Kuzyur, A. E. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2019-5-67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-5-67-73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of overlapping adjacent passages of the unit on the uniformity of the application of mineral fertilizers","authors":"A. N. Sedashkin, A. Kostrigin, E. A. Milyushina","doi":"10.31992/0321-4443-2019-6-74-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-6-74-78","url":null,"abstract":" ñòàòüå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ íåêîòîðûå ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé âëèÿíèÿ øèðèíû ïåðåêðûòèÿ íà ðàâíîìåðíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ óäîáðåíèé íà ñìåæíûõ ïðîõîäàõ àãðåãàòà, ïðîâåäåííûõ â Ìîðäîâñêîì ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óíèâåðñèòåòå èìåíè Í.Ï. Îãàðåâà. Ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ñíèæåíèÿ âåëè÷èíû ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó øèðèíîé çàõâàòà è øèðèíîé ðàçáðàñûâàíèÿ ïðè ðàáîòå öåíòðîáåæíîãî àïïàðàòà. Íàáëþäåíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ðàçáðàñûâàòåëè ñ ðàáî÷èìè îðãàíàìè öåíòðîáåæíîãî òèïà ðàñïðåäåëÿþò óäîáðåíèÿ ïî øèðèíå çàõâàòà íåðàâíîìåðíî: áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èõ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñåðåäèíó, à ê êðàÿì êîëè÷åñòâî èõ óìåíüøàåòñÿ. ×òîáû äîáèòüñÿ áîëåå ðàâíîìåðíîãî âíåñåíèÿ óäîáðåíèÿ îáû÷íî ðàçáðàñûâàþò ñ ïåðåêðûòèåì. Äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ âëèÿíèÿ ïåðåêðûòèÿ íà ðàâíîìåðíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìèíåðàëüíûõ óäîáðåíèé íàìè ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Äëÿ îöåíêè ðàâíîìåðíîñòè ïîâåðõíîñòíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ìèíåðàëüíûõ óäîáðåíèé è èçâåñòè ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé óñòàíîâêîé ïî øèðèíå çàõâàòà è ïî õîäó äâèæåíèÿ ñáîð óäîáðåíèé ïðîèçâîäèëè â ïðîòèâíè ðàçìåðîì 0,50,50,1 ì. Ïðîòèâíè ðàññòàâëÿëè íà ðîâíîì ó÷àñòêå ïëîòíî äðóã ê äðóãó â òðè ðÿäà ñ ðàññòîÿíèåì ìåæäó ðÿäàìè 5 ì. Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè îïûòîâ íåðàâíîìåðíîñòü âíåñåíèÿ óäîáðåíèé íà øèðèíå çàõâàòà àãðåãàòà 10 ì ñ ïåðåêðûòèåì 2 ì áûëà âûøå àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé – 25 %. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ïîâûñèòü ðàâíîìåðíîñòü âíåñåíèÿ âîçìîæíî ïðè óìåíüøåíèè øèðèíû çàõâàòà àãðåãàòà äî 8 ì, ïðè ýòîì ïåðåêðûòèå äîëæíî áûòü íå ìåíåå 4 ì. Ïðè ýòîì ïðîáëåìà îáåñïå÷åíèÿ òî÷íîãî âîæäåíèÿ àãðåãàòîâ äëÿ âíåñåíèÿ óäîáðåíèé åùå áîëåå îáîñòðÿåòñÿ ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì øèðèíû çàõâàòà ñîâðåìåííîé âûñîêîïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîé òåõíèêè. Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî â äàííîì ñëó÷àå ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ñïåöèàëüíûõ ñòåíäîâ äëÿ îïåðàòèâíîé íàñòðîéêè ìàøèí âûïîëíèòü èõ ïðàâèëüíóþ ðåãóëèðîâêó âåñüìà çàòðóäíèòåëüíî. Ïîýòîìó êàæäûé ðàç ïðè èçìåíåíèè âèäà âíîñèìîãî óäîáðåíèÿ è äîç íåîáõîäèìî ñâåðÿòü ïîëîæåíèå ðåãóëÿòîðà ñ ðåêîìåíäóåìûì ðóêîâîäñòâîì ïî ýêñïëóàòàöèè. Îò ýòîãî çàâèñèò ðàáî÷àÿ øèðèíà çàõâàòà, à ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, è ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ñìåæíûìè ïðîõîäàìè àãðåãàòà. Êà÷åñòâî ðàáîòû öåíòðîáåæíûõ ìàøèí, êðîìå òîãî, çàâèñèò îò êà÷åñòâà âíîñèìûõ ìèíåðàëüíûõ óäîáðåíèé (ñïåêòð ðàçìåðîâ è ôîðìû ãðàíóë, ñûïó÷åñòè), ñîñòîÿíèÿ ðåëüåôà ïîëÿ, âûðàâíåííîñòè ïî÷âû, ñêîðîñòè âåòðà, êâàëèôèêàöèè ìåõàíèçàòîðà è åãî äîáðîñîâåñòíîñòè (ñòðîãîå ñîáëþäåíèå çàäàííîé ñêîðîñòè äâèæåíèÿ), ðàáî÷åé ñêîðîñòè è ò.ä. Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òîáû âíåñòè ìèíåðàëüíûå óäîáðåíèÿ ñ äîïóñòèìîé íåðàâíîìåðíîñòüþ (äîïóñòèìûé êîýôôèöèåíò âàðèàöèè äëÿ àçîòíûõ óäîáðåíèé ±10 %, äëÿ êàëèéíûõ è ôîñôîðíûõ ±20 %) öåíòðîáåæíûìè ðàáî÷èìè îðãàíàìè, íåîáõîäèìî ñòðîãî âûïîëíÿòü òðåáîâàíèÿ ðåãëàìåíòà âûïîëíåíèÿ ðàáîò.","PeriodicalId":160902,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel'hozmashiny","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125047961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}