Journal of forest science最新文献

{"title":"Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) applied to evaluating the forest management approaches","authors":"M. Mostafa, Nishtman Hatami, K. Espahbodi, F. Asadi","doi":"10.17221/27/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/27/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"The study mainly aims at looking into the disparities in beneficiary’s socio-economic status between the areas without implementation of forestry plans and the areas where forestry plans had initially been available even though they have recently been terminated as well. Babol Roud forestry plan is located in Lafoor forest area in the Babol County, the Mazandaran Province, Northeast Iran. This research was divided into three steps: first of all, by making use of Cochran’s formula, we identified the number of participants. Later on, the Delphi method was employed in order to determine criteria and subcriteria through the questionnaires. From then on, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was used to quantify the criteria that were weighted by experts’ viewpoints through the planned questionnaires. By adopting the Fuzzy Forests method, we found out that the economic, environmental, social and managerial criteria are most prominent. Forestry project staff’s income was in the highest relative weight (0.23) based on participant’s viewpoint. Most of the participants in the study did not give their consent to the forestry plan suspension due to the inevitably forthcoming economic and environmental problems ahead. Instead, they strongly underlined the need to go into immediate action such as revising the former plans as well as constant stream of close attention to the plan execution details of the ongoing process. Eventually, developing a new policy and using alternative forest management strategies that would meet the needs of all various stakeholders have been recommended.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83960908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae to some reduced-risk insecticides in laboratory bioassays","authors":"Fatemeh Moradi Afrapoli, M. Mohammadi Sharif, Hasan Barimani Varandi, M. Shayanmehr","doi":"10.17221/67/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/67/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"Box tree moth (BTM) Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) is the most harmful pest of different boxwood species in Europe and Asia including Caspian boxwood Buxus hyrcana in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Accessible and effective eco-friendly insecticides are required for the pest control. Thus, susceptibility of 2^nd and 4^th instar larvae of BTM to commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), two plant extract formulations, Bio1^® and Matrine^®, and three insect growth regulator (IGR) insecticides, chlorfluazuron, chromafenozide and diflubenzuron were investigated in laboratory bioassay. Except for diflubenzuron, significant mortality of both instar larvae was observed. At the endpoint of the experiments (96 h), 75.2–90% of second and 80–85% of fourth instar larvae had already died, as a result of feeding on leaves treated with the highest concentration of the insecticides. Furthermore, based on Probit analysis, Matrine^® exhibited the highest efficiency (lethal concentration LC₅₀ = 2.87 μL·L^–1) on 2^nd instar larvae and followed by Bio1^® (8.07 μL·L^–1), chlorfluazuron (173.3 μL·L^–1) and Bt (326.3 mg·L^–1). The LC₅₀ of Matrine^® and Bt for 4^th instar larvae were 1.75 μL·L^–1 and 335.8 mg·L^–1, respectively. Our study revealed that Matrine^® and chromafenozide could be alternatively used against BTM in situations where there is a permission and need to use insecticides.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75340130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spruce forest litter structure, distribution, and water retention along hiking trails in the Ukrainian Carpathians","authors":"Y. Ivanenko, G. Lobchenko, V. Maliuha, V. Yukhnovskyi","doi":"10.17221/12/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/12/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"Almost 24% of the Ukrainian Carpathian ecosystems are assigned to the conservation fund due to their ecological values and attraction to numerous tourists. The forest litter in mountain forest stands plays an important role in terms of its ability to mitigate the impact of tourist activities, and erosion processes along with its contribution to the soil mineralization. Water interception, infiltration, and retention ability of forest litter have an impact on hydrological processes of forest ecosystems. At the same time, the accumulation and spatial distribution of litter can be affected not only by environmental conditions, but also by tourism. In this study, 13 Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) stands distinguished by average distance to the trail were chosen to investigate whether there are any differences in litter structure, water retention, and infiltration abilities as well as litter accumulation in areas along popular hiking trails in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Results showed that the litter thickness has increased with altitude and slope steepness. Moreover, results of one-way ANOVA demonstrate a significant difference (P < 0.05) in litter stock between two groups of sample plots: established directly to adjoin hiking trails and at a distance. Therefore, the forest litter stock nearby hiking trails may indicate that trampling caused by tourists has a negative impact on litter accumulation. However, no statistical difference was found (P > 0.05) in the accumulation of litter along three trails and altitudes across all surveyed forest stands. Results of the immersion test showed that the litter infiltration rate has a significant negative correlation with the maximum mass of absorbed water (r = –0.62, P < 0.05), litter stock (r = –0.69, P < 0.01), and retained precipitation (r = –0.62, P < 0.05). Despite our assumption, the infiltration rate was lower for sites distanced from the hiking trail in comparison with adjoining ones. According to our measurements, the water holding capacity of the litter varies from 42.3 t·ha–1 to 187.3 t·ha–1 regardless of the stand composition. Further, the precipitation amount retained by litter varies between 4.2 mm and 18.7 mm. Insignificant differences in litter fractional structure and accumulation were observed in pure spruce stands and mixed spruce-beech with an admixture of beech up to 20%. Further observational and modelling studies are necessary to clarify the role of the beech share in stand composition in relation to fractional structure and water interception and retention ability.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84186765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial relationships of trees in middle taiga post-pyrogenic pine forest stands in the European North-East of Russia","authors":"I. Kutyavin, A. Manov","doi":"10.17221/10/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/10/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the structural organization of forest stands obtained on sample plots is the basis for long-term monitoring of post-fire pine forest structure and dynamics in the European North-East. These data can be used as a marker of native pine stands of the European taiga. Here, we studied vertical and horizontal structure in the post-pyrogenic pine forests of Vacciniosum, Vaccinioso-cladinosum and Myrtillosum site types in the boreal forest of the Komi Republic. The type of horizontal structure of uneven-aged forest stands changed with age from grouped to random one. Large trees were randomly distributed on the plot. We observed the weak aggregation of undergrowth trees (natural tree regeneration) in stands at distances of 2–6 m. Undergrowth individuals were characterized by group distribution at smaller distances than 1–2 m. Spatial relationships between large, small and codominant trees demonstrated random distribution in most cases. Undergrowth individuals did not show any competitive relations. However, we revealed a “taking off” effect between mature trees of pine and pine undergrowth. The direction of the displacement of tree crown centre projections relative to the bases of their trunks was ambiguous. The shift of the crown space towards the maximum solar radiation was detected in a thinned stand with old age and big size of trees. In other site types, no one-sided orientation of the tree crown development emerged.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75688708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City longhorn beetle (Aeolesthes sarta): A review of the species, its distribution, ecology, damage, prevention and control","authors":"Umer Hayat","doi":"10.17221/34/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/34/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"The city longhorn beetle (Aeolesthes sarta) (CLB) (Coleoptera – Cerambycidae) is a polyphagous invasive pest of both healthy and suppressed broadleaved trees in central Asia. CLB causes a great degree of damage in the countries of its origin. To understand this pest in a better way, a detailed review study has been conducted to gather all the valuable information related to the CLB. This review study covers the main aspects of the CLB, its morphology, ecology, distribution, damage, and control measures. The life span of the CLB is two years. It is mainly distributed in the central Asian countries and preferably damages broadleaved tree species, especially Juglans regia, Populus alba, P. euphratica, Acer spp, Salix alba, S. babylonica, Malus pumila, M. sylvestris, Platanus orientalis and Ulmus spp. Effective control and management practices include cutting, removing + burning of infested trees, cultivating high resilient tree species, use of biocontrol agents (i.e. fungus), and use of aluminium phosphide as a pesticide to significantly help control the CLB population. A CLB invasion in a new favourable habitat could impose a serious threat to broadleaf forests and plantations. Therefore, the keen monitoring and surveying of woodland management techniques are recommended. The strict monitoring and inspection of traded wood material at airports and seaports are highly recommended. There is a need to conduct multiple research studies to profoundly understand the CLB phenology, ecology, transportation mode, and damage severity to bridge the gap.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75281952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding psychological factors influencing ecosystem conservation behaviours of forest professionals","authors":"N. Erhabor","doi":"10.17221/39/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"This study was embarked upon to assess forest guards’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) behavioural change sequences in Nigeria lowland forest reserves using a structural equation modelling approach. Two research questions were raised and corresponding hypotheses were tested. From the data analysed, it was revealed that both knowledge and attitude variables significantly predicted the behaviour of the forest guards’ towards the management of the forest and its resources. Although the attitude variable on its own did not significantly predict the forest guards’ behaviours (t = 1.401, P > 0.05), it can be stated that the knowledge of the forest guards towards the forest is a better predictor to their environmental behaviours and their behavioural change sequence (AKP) is inclined towards developing affinity to the forest. Hence seminar and symposiums should be organized for all forest guards with the objectives of having better efforts and persistence, preparation for action, better visualization of success, reduce stressors, and fewer intrusive negative thoughts in managing the forest and its resources. This will help boost their affinity to the forest and self-efficacy as the study revealed that the Attitude-Knowledge-Practice (AKP) sequence explains better the behaviour of the forest guards in protecting the forest reserves.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91236043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyses of periodic annual increment by diameter and volume in differently aged black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands: Case study","authors":"T. Ábri, K. Rédei","doi":"10.17221/25/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/25/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"Black locust is one of the most commonly planted exotic tree species in the world. It has a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of climate change. Its increment analyses have a key role in forest planning. Increment is added to the wood stock of the forest over and over again, and only this continuous replenishment makes the sustainable forest management possible. This study presents the results of the analysis of periodic annual increment (PAI) by diameter (dbh) and volume (v) of two differently aged black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands, growing under similar ecological conditions. The main correlations are as follows: PAIdbh and diameter at breast height: r = 0.601 and 0.704 (P = 0.01); PAIv and mean tree volume (v): r = 0.721 and 0.849 (P = 0.01). The presented correlations clearly demonstrate the importance of individual differentiation within a stand.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86514029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of flood discharge and flood flow depth using a hydraulic model and flood marks on the trees in ungauged forested watersheds","authors":"V. Gholami","doi":"10.17221/6/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/6/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult to estimate flood discharges and the flood zones as well as to design hydraulic structures in rivers without using hydrometric stations. Furthermore, using different models to determine the mentioned cases will be accompanied by errors. Therefore, flood marks on the trunks of trees located in the Babolrood riverbed were used to determine the peak discharge, flood flow depth, and flood zone in northern Iran. First, a hydraulic model for the study river was provided using topographic maps with a scale of 1: 1 000, HEC-GeoRAS extension (GIS), and HEC-RAS model. Then, the flood marks of past floods in the form of silt and clay sediments (deposits on the trees in the riverbed) were evaluated and the maximum flood flow depth was determined. Finally, the peak discharge of the past flood was estimated by the trial-and-error method to achieve the flood flow depth in the different river reaches. Then, the hydraulic model using the flow depth data was calibrated in the reaches, and, in the final step, based on the flood marks of other reaches, the model was validated. According to the results, the maximum instantaneous discharge rate of the study flood was 155 m3·s–1 and the maximum flood flow depth was about 2 m. Furthermore, the results showed that the flood mark data in forest lands can be used as a tool for the calibration and validation of hydraulic models. The present methodology is an efficient method for determining the flood peak discharge, spatial variation of the flood depth, and flood zone in forest watersheds without hydrometric stations.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74293278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cut slope stability assessment along forest roads using the limit equilibrium approaches and Slide software","authors":"M. Nasiri, Mojtaba Mohamadzade","doi":"10.17221/21/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/21/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"Calculating the factor of safety (FS) as slope stability factor is necessary to prevent environmental damage. Therefore, this paper aims to (i) calculate FS using the limit equilibrium approaches and Slide software and (ii) investigate the stability of slopes according to calculated FS (Janbu and Bishop methods) and status of different sites in the study area (Hyrcanian forest of Iran). Six landslides were selected along the forest road by a field survey. Landslide dimensions including length, width, and height were measured using meters. Slope gradients were measured using the Suunto clinometer. The Slide software was used to evaluate the stability analysis of slopes. According to laboratory tests on soil samples the average of the liquid limit was recorded as 58%. The results of the direct shear test showed that the rate of soil cohesion (c) and coefficient of friction angle (φ) decreased with an increase in moisture content. According to the results, the factors of safety for landslide sites (Sites 1–6) were calculated to be 1.3, 0.65, 0.76, 0.55, 1.19 and 1.51, respectively. These calculated FS can accurately determine the slope status in terms of slope stability. According to the software classification, the status of Site 1 is “susceptible to landside”. Sites 2, 3 and 4 are “very high risk”. Also, the status of Sites 5 and 6 are “high risk” and “stable”, respectively. The instability of the slopes in studied sites is related to the drainage system (lack of culverts or ditches) as well as marlstone as bedrock. According to the calculated FS in different sites and comparison of the obtained results with the real conditions of sites, it can be concluded that the slope stability analysis in the Slide software is very accurate and it can be used to determine the factor of safety under different conditions in terms of morphology, hydrology and soil mechanics.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78221874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectomycorrhiza-hydrogel additive enhanced growth of Norway spruce seedlings in a nutrient-poor peat substrate","authors":"I. Repáč, Zuzana Parobeková, Martin Belko","doi":"10.17221/29/2022-jfs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/29/2022-jfs","url":null,"abstract":"Seedling quality is an important input affecting the outplanted seedling performance. Morphological attributes and association with symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi belong to influential traits determining seedling quality. In this study, the effect of pre-sowing applied commercial additives Ectovit (containing hydrogel and ECM fungi), Mycorrhizaroots (ECM fungi and nutrients) and Vetozen (natural mineral fertilizer) on the growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of Norway spruce seedlings grown in nutrient-poor pure peat in an open nursery site was assessed. Two-year-old bareroot seedlings were transplanted into containers. No significant growth differences were detected between treatments for 1 + 0 seedlings but the values of growth parameters (root collar diameter; stem height; shoot, root and total dry weight) of Ectovit-inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than those in the other treatments including the control after the second (2 + 0 seedlings) and the third growing season (2 + 1). Root-to-shoot dry weight ratio and number of root tips were distinctly higher after the third year compared to the previous two years but they were not significantly different between treatments. Mycorrhizaroots and Vetozen did not have any significant effect on seedling development. Although the occurrence of treatment-specific ECM morphotype was detected in Ectovit-inoculated seedlings, the high total ECM colonization of roots in all treatments including the control indicated a crucial impact of naturally occurring fungi on ectomycorrhiza formation.","PeriodicalId":16011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forest science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84936143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}