Journal of African Elections最新文献_第7页

The judiciary and democracy in Ghana’s Fourth Republic 加纳第四共和国的司法和民主

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I2A3

I. Owusu-Mensah, J. Rice

{"title":"The judiciary and democracy in Ghana’s Fourth Republic","authors":"I. Owusu-Mensah, J. Rice","doi":"10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I2A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I2A3","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of multi-party elections in 1992, Ghana has successfully held six free and fair presidential and parliamentary elections, including the peaceful alternation of power on three occasions. Despite this impressive record, transparent and peaceful elections are never a guaranteed outcome in Ghana. General elections in the country are highly competitive and tightly contested by the two main political parties, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and their support bases. The 2016 general elections season was a fierce fight marked by apparent attempts at fraud and corruption on the part of the Electoral Commission. Although there was a tense lead-up to the vote, the elections proceeded without incident, largely due to the actions of the Supreme Court. These Supreme Court rulings on electoral transparency and fairness during the 2016 elections continue a long history of judicial intervention in electoral disputes. Nearly three decades of judicial activism has effectively constrained the major political parties in their ongoing attempts to use fraud and corruption for gains at the polls. This study thus supports the early work of Ruti Teitel on judicial policymaking in transitional states by demonstrating how an activist Supreme Court has effectively preserved and advanced democratisation in the face of weak political institutions.","PeriodicalId":159701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Elections","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115950237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The concept of agency theory in electoral democracy 选举民主中的代理理论概念

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I2A4

Joseph Asamoah

{"title":"The concept of agency theory in electoral democracy","authors":"Joseph Asamoah","doi":"10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I2A4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I2A4","url":null,"abstract":"This essay analyses the doctrine of the law of agency in the context of electoral democracy in assessing the rights and liabilities of the political elite and the voting public. The principal-agent model was employed to expatiate challenges in the relationship between the agent’s performance and how the principal can reward or punish the agent through competitive elections. In doing so, the elected political authorities are deemed to be agents of state governance while the voters, and by extension the population, are seen as principals of the state. The principal-agent relationship generates the electoral accountability of representatives to constituents by checking and controlling the behaviour of the political elite to ensure that national programmes, policies and laws are applied for the benefit of the general public. The study concludes that voters, as principals, expect political agents to deliver public goods and services to their benefit and that failure do so attracts a vote of censure. This means that competitive elections create a relationship of formal accountability between political leaders and voters. This accountability minimises the ability of political leaders to use the advantage of information asymmetery.","PeriodicalId":159701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Elections","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128273210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Public participation, electoral dispute and conflict resolution mechanisms 公众参与、选举纠纷和冲突解决机制

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.20940/jae/2018/v17i2a6

T. Manthwa, Lefa Ntsoane

{"title":"Public participation, electoral dispute and conflict resolution mechanisms","authors":"T. Manthwa, Lefa Ntsoane","doi":"10.20940/jae/2018/v17i2a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20940/jae/2018/v17i2a6","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the concept of public participation and the dispute resolution mechanisms that can be utilised to resolve electoral disputes and conflicts at the level of local government in South Africa. The study stems largely from community-based participatory action research, also referred to as café conversations. This research project was conducted in Moutse, Wards 5 and 6 of the Ephraim Mogale Local Municipality, a category B municipality that is the smallest of the four municipalities in the Sekhukhune district. It is a cross-border district that extends across the north west of Mpumalanga and the southern part of Limpopo. Sekhukhune is 94% rural and 5.3% urban and approximately 50% of the population are under the age of 18. Moutse comprises four villages: Mamaneng-Matatadimeng, Ga-Matlala Ramoshebo, Mokgwaneng and Tshikannosi. Research data collected in the form of community dialogues are used in this article together with relevant journal articles, books and media reports on the same subject. The aim of the article is to explore the importance of public participation by community members in the affairs of their community. The article argues that enhanced public participation can properly facilitate members of the community to take part in the resolution of disputes and conflicts in their community. The findings of the research are that public participation remains an important element of a democracy, and that the public at all times wants to be involved in making decisions that affect their rights.","PeriodicalId":159701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Elections","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127052599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

When a compatriot becomes a Foe: Political Parties and Violent Elections in Kenya and South Africa 当同胞成为敌人:肯尼亚和南非的政党和暴力选举

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A2

J. Ahere

引用次数: 3

International Election Observers in Kenya’s 2017 Elections: Impartial or Partisan? 2017年肯尼亚选举中的国际选举观察员:公正还是党派?

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A3

Moses Nderitu Nginya

引用次数: 2

Ethnicity and Election Outcomes in Nigeria: Interrogating the 2015 Presidential Election 尼日利亚的种族和选举结果:对2015年总统选举的质疑

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A6

Atanda Abdulwaheed Isiaq, Oluwashina Moruf Adebiyi, A. Bakare

引用次数: 5

Gerontocracy in African Politics: Youth and the Quest for Political Participation 非洲政治中的老人政治:青年和对政治参与的追求

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/jae/2018/v17i1a7

J. Adebayo

{"title":"Gerontocracy in African Politics: Youth and the Quest for Political Participation","authors":"J. Adebayo","doi":"10.20940/jae/2018/v17i1a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20940/jae/2018/v17i1a7","url":null,"abstract":"By the late 1950s and early 1960s most African colonies had attained independence from British and French rule, resulting in great optimism regarding the future of the nascent democracies on the continent. A buoyant populace transformed their memories of harsh political struggles into images of heroism and confirmed the victory of the national movement for liberation. There was hope that these new nations would soon steer their own ships of state and conduct free, fair and regular elections that would be true reflections of the wishes of the majority of the population. Sadly, what transpired afterwards was (and still is) far from what had been expected. Civil unrest and anarchy soon reigned in most African countries as the so-called ‘founding fathers’ considered themselves above the law. In a bid to retain power, they initiated a system of electoral manipulation and violence that continues to pervade the continent. More worrisome was the birth of a culture that excluded Africa’s youth from active participation in politics; this resulted in the retention of old politicians, evident in a leadership occupied mostly by septuagenarians and octogenarians. This study examines gerontocracy in Africa and its impact on the political participation of Africa’s youth.","PeriodicalId":159701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Elections","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122550653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Angola’s 2017 Elections and the start of a Post-Dos Santos Era 安哥拉2017年大选和后多斯桑托斯时代的开始

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A1

Z. Matsimbe, Nelson Domingos

{"title":"Angola’s 2017 Elections and the start of a Post-Dos Santos Era","authors":"Z. Matsimbe, Nelson Domingos","doi":"10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A1","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in the history of its multiparty democracy, Angola held general elections in August 2017 without President José Eduardo dos Santos on the ballot paper. In 2016 dos Santos decided not to run again for the presidency but he remained the party chair. Instead, João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço was nominated to replace dos Santos as the MPLA candidate. The departure of dos Santos raised expectations that there would be political change in the country. However, this did not happen because the MPLA won a qualified majority in the National Assembly despite their decreased support compared to the results of the 2012 general elections. Though the 2017 elections were considered to have been well prepared and executed, the outcome was challenged by the opposition on the grounds of irregularities in voter registration, the accreditation of party agents, and problems in both counting and announcing the results. The change of leader raised a number of questions regarding the implications of a double centre of power in the MPLA and presidency. How João Lourenço will manage the question of the factions created by his rise to power is a matter of concern, together with whether he will be able to end the hegemony and economic power of dos Santos and his allies. He will also have to deal with the ongoing economic crisis and boost declining public trust in the MPLA. By addressing some of these issues this article provides an important contribution to understanding the electoral processes in Angola.","PeriodicalId":159701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Elections","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130870862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voting Rights of Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria’s 2015 General Elections 尼日利亚2015年大选中国内流离失所者的投票权

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2018/V17I1A5

Emeka C. Iloh, Michael E. Nwokedi, C. Cornelius, K. Ilo

引用次数: 0

Local Media Observation of Mozambique’s Elections 当地媒体对莫桑比克选举的观察

Journal of African Elections Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.20940/jae/2018/v17i1a4

J. Hanlon, Adriano Nvunga

引用次数: 1