2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)最新文献

Comparison of IEC and IEEE standards for computer-based control systems important to safety 对安全至关重要的计算机控制系统的IEC和IEEE标准的比较

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-19 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009319

G. Johnson

引用次数: 8

Helicity-correlated systematics for SLAC Experiment E158 SLAC实验的螺旋相关系统

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-10 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009650

P. Mastromarino, T. Humensky, P. Anthony, C. Arroyo, K. Bega, A. Brachmann, G. Cates, J. Clendenin, F. Decker, T. Fieguth, E. Hughes, G. M. Jones, Y. Kolomensky, K. Kumar, D. Relyea, S. Rock, O. Saxton, Z. Szalata, J. Turner, M. Woods

{"title":"Helicity-correlated systematics for SLAC Experiment E158","authors":"P. Mastromarino, T. Humensky, P. Anthony, C. Arroyo, K. Bega, A. Brachmann, G. Cates, J. Clendenin, F. Decker, T. Fieguth, E. Hughes, G. M. Jones, Y. Kolomensky, K. Kumar, D. Relyea, S. Rock, O. Saxton, Z. Szalata, J. Turner, M. Woods","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009650","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment E158 at SLAC will make the first measurement of parity violation in Moller scattering. The left-right cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of a 45 GeV polarized electron beam with unpolarized electrons in a liquid hydrogen target will be measured to an accuracy of better than 10/sup -8/, with the expected Standard Model asymmetry being approximately 10/sup -7/. Because helicity-correlated (left-right) charge and position asymmetries in the electron beam can give rise to systematic errors in the measurement, great care must be given to beam monitoring and control. We have developed beam current monitors that measure the charge per pulse at the 3 /spl times/ 10/sup -5/ level and RF cavity beam position monitors that measure the position per pulse to 1 /spl mu/m, which should allow precisions of 1 ppb and 1 nm for the final integrated charge and position asymmetries, respectively. In addition, since most helicity-correlated systematics in the electron beam can be traced back to the laser that drives the photoemission from the GaAs source cathode, we first use careful control of laser beam polarization, point-to-point imaging, and other techniques to minimize systematics. We also provide the capability of modulating in a helicity-correlated way the laser beam's intensity and position as it strikes the photocathode, allowing the implementation of active feedback to ensure that the average charge and position asymmetries integrate close to zero over the course of the experiment. We present this system of precision beam monitoring and control and report on its performance during a recent commissioning run, T-437 at SLAC, which demonstrated charge and position asymmetry precision of 2 ppb and 12 nm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115581874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Inexpensive position sensitive detector block for 40 mm diameter PMT using quadrant sharing configuration 使用象限共享配置的40毫米直径PMT便宜的位置敏感检测器块

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008551

J. Uribe, M. Aykaç, H. Baghaei, H. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, T. Xing, W. Wong

{"title":"Inexpensive position sensitive detector block for 40 mm diameter PMT using quadrant sharing configuration","authors":"J. Uribe, M. Aykaç, H. Baghaei, H. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, T. Xing, W. Wong","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008551","url":null,"abstract":"Recent approval by CMS (former HCFA) for reimbursement of PET scans used in certain cases of diagnostic oncology, and the rapid grow of the PET market that this approval has generated (100% increase in year 2000) creates the need for more affordable dedicated PET scanners. The objective of the work presented here is the development of a position sensitive block with the same detector area (40 mm /spl times/ 40 mm) and number of crystals, (8/spl times/8) of the block of a commercial camera using the photomultiplier quadrant sharing technique (PQS). This block is coupled to four single-anode 40 mm diameter PMTs and each PMT is sheared by four block detectors. Significant savings come from the number of PMTs required which are only 25% of what otherwise would be necessary to build a comparable commercial camera. Due to unused photocathode area left by a PQS array of square blocks in a detector module, a rectangular (extended) block was developed. This block maximizes use of the PMT sensitive area and minimizes gap size between modules. It was only necessary to develop the extended block because a symmetric square block uses same type of partitions like those controlling light distribution along the short side of the rectangular one. White paint masks applied with accurate templates and airbrush were fine-tuned for every pair of adjacent crystals. Crystal decoding presents good separation uniformly distributed over the two-dimensional decoding map of the block. Composite energy spectrum of all 64 crystals shows a prominent photopeak (39% energy resolution) and relatively small Compton edge. It indicates that the block has a very uniform light collection for all crystals. It is expected that the image resolution using this type of block be comparable to the resolution of commercial cameras, because we clearly decode the same number and size of crystals.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A CT demonstrator based on a CZT solid state detector 一种基于CZT固态探测器的CT演示器

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008656

T. Claesson, A. Kerek, J. Molnár, D. Novak

引用次数: 5

Design and feasibility study of an ultra-fast high resolution PET detector 超高速高分辨率PET探测器的设计与可行性研究

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008552

L. Meng, D. Herbert, D. Ramsden

{"title":"Design and feasibility study of an ultra-fast high resolution PET detector","authors":"L. Meng, D. Herbert, D. Ramsden","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008552","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the design and the results of a feasibility study of a novel, ultra-fast and high-resolution PET detector. It is based on the use of an LSO crystal array read-out by a Multi pixel Hybrid PhotoDiode (M-HPD) using an encoded fiber light-guide. The fiber encoding method enables one to readout more than 400 discrete crystal elements using a single M-HPD tube having 61 pixels. One of the key features of the detector is that the encoded fiber light-guide, used in conjunction with a digital readout system, eliminates the need for the use of ADCs in finding the address of the crystal in which interaction occurred. The readout time of a detector comprising around four hundred 2/spl times/2/spl times/10 mm discrete crystals, defined as the time between identifying a coincidence and providing the address of the crystal hit, can be reduced to less than 0.1 /spl mu/s. As a consequence, one could significantly improve the noise-effective-count-rate (NECR) performance of a PET system based on this detector design. Another advantage of this detector design is that the parallel readout scheme used, greatly simplifies the readout electronics by eliminating the use of ADC in the readout system. The feasibility of this detector design has been confirmed by measurements using a prototype detector module based on a 5/spl times/5 array of 2/spl times/2/spl times/10 mm LSO crystals. A signal level of around 200 photoelectrons has been measured for 511 keV energy deposited in the detector. An energy-resolution of /spl sim/30% and a timing resolution of less than 4 ns were achieved in this study.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127273519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achievements of the ASTRO-E Hard X-ray Detector development ASTRO-E硬x射线探测器研制成果

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008503

A. Tashiro, K. Makishima, T. Kamae, T. Murakami, T. Takahashi, Y. Fukazawa, M. Kokubun, K. Nakazawa, M. Nomachi, A. Yoshida, Y. Ezoe, N. Isobe, N. Yomoto, J. Kataoka, J. Kotoku, M. Kouda, S. Kubo, A. Kubota, Y. Matsumoto, T. Mizuno, Y. Okada, N. Ota, H. Ozawa, G. Sato, M. Sugiho, M. Sugizaki, I. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tamura, C. Tanihata, Y. Terada, Y. Uchiyama, S. Watanabe, K. Yamaoka, D. Yonetoku

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of filter function for volume PET imaging using the 3DRP algorithm 使用3DRP算法评估体积PET成像的滤波功能

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008691

H. Baghaei, W. Wong, Hongdi Li, J. Uribe, Yu Wang, M. Aykaç, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing

{"title":"Evaluation of filter function for volume PET imaging using the 3DRP algorithm","authors":"H. Baghaei, W. Wong, Hongdi Li, J. Uribe, Yu Wang, M. Aykaç, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008691","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the influence of filter and its cutoff frequency on the image quality for volume PET imaging using the widely used 3D-reprojection (3DRP) algorithm. An important parameter in 3DRP and other filtered backprojection algorithms is the choice of the filter window function. For this work, three different low-pass filter window functions, Hann, Hamming and Butterworth, were investigated. For each filter a range of cutoff frequencies were considered. Projection data were acquired by scanning a uniform cylindrical phantom, a cylindrical phantom with four small lesions and the Hoffman brain phantom. All measurements were performed with the high-resolution PET camera developed at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDAPET). This prototype camera, which is a multiring scanner with no septa, has a transaxial resolution of 2.8 mm. The evaluation was performed by computing the noise level of reconstructed images of the uniform phantom, the contrast recovery of the hot lesions in warm background, and by visual inspection of image quality for the Hoffman brain phantom. For the high statistics data presented here, a cutoff frequency 0.6 to 0.8 of Nyquist resulted in a reasonable compromise between the contrast recovery and the noise level for the Hann filter. For the Butterworth filter, a cutoff at 0.4-0.6 of Nyquist frequency was a reasonable choice. Overall, the Butterworth filter performed better in contrast recovery and spatial resolution at the cost of somewhat noisier image.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lesion detection and quantitation of positron emission mammography 正电子放射乳房x线照相术的病灶检测与定量

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009271

J. Qi, Ronald H. Huesman

引用次数: 4

Evaluation of the 3D IMF-OSEM algorithm by using data from a high resolution PET scanner 利用高分辨率PET扫描仪的数据评估三维IMF-OSEM算法

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008690

H. Baghaei, J. Uribe, Hongdi Li, Yu Wang, M. Aykaç, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing, W. Wong

{"title":"Evaluation of the 3D IMF-OSEM algorithm by using data from a high resolution PET scanner","authors":"H. Baghaei, J. Uribe, Hongdi Li, Yu Wang, M. Aykaç, Yaqiang Liu, T. Xing, W. Wong","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008690","url":null,"abstract":"We have evaluated the 3D Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithm for reconstruction of the projection data from a high-resolution 3D PET scanner. For this study, we used the inter-update Metz filtered OSEM (IMF-OSEM) algorithm, which has been developed by PARAPET project. The IMF-OSEM is an implementation of the OSEM algorithm with some additional capabilities such as inter-update filtering and random permutation of the subsets in each iteration. The projection data were acquired with the high-resolution PET camera developed at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDAPET). This prototype camera, which is a multiring scanner with no septa, has a transaxial resolution of 2.8 mm that allows a better evaluation of the algorithm. We scanned three phantoms: a cylindrical uniform phantom, a cylindrical phantom with four small lesions, and the Hoffman brain phantom. The evaluation of the OSEM algorithm was performed by computing the noise level of the reconstructed images of the uniform phantom and by studying the contrast recovery for the hot lesions in warm background and also by visual inspection of images especially for the Hoffman brain phantom. In addition, the effects of post filtering and filtering during the reconstruction process have been evaluated. We observed that for the high statistics data, a good compromise between contrast recovery and noise level was achieved between 20 to 40 iterations for plain OSEM algorithm. By visually inspecting the images of Hoffman brain phantom and hot lesions, we observed that plain-OSEM algorithm, especially when followed by post-filtering, could also reasonably reproduce the phantom's structure. We also found that inter-update filtering has the potential to reach a noise level and contrast comparable to those from plain-OSEM at a smaller iteration number; however, it also has a higher tendency to develop noise artifacts.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an ASIC for APD-based small animal PET 基于apd的小动物PET专用集成电路的研制

2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310) Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009664

M. Woodring, J. Christian, K. Shah, M. Squillante, A. I. Kogan, S. Cherry, Y. Shao, F. Augustine

{"title":"Development of an ASIC for APD-based small animal PET","authors":"M. Woodring, J. Christian, K. Shah, M. Squillante, A. I. Kogan, S. Cherry, Y. Shao, F. Augustine","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009664","url":null,"abstract":"Development of an advanced, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for use with high-density, avalanche photodiode (APD) detector arrays has been undertaken. APD technology recently developed at Radiation Monitoring Devices (RMD) has demonstrated great promise in the form of compact arrays. While APD arrays are capable of providing the basis for a new generation of high-resolution, photon-imaging systems, it is extraordinarily difficult to use conventional pulse-processing circuitry to support the many signals generated by these arrays. Due to the high detector density, small size, and unique electronic features of APD arrays, conventional readout electronics quickly become problematic for the implementation to APD arrays in positron-emission tomography (PET) systems. As the focus of NIH Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) research, we designed and developed an ASIC to enable the implementation of APD arrays in PET. The circuit incorporates preamplifier, timing, shaping, and sample-and-hold capabilities that are necessary for APD use in PET. The ASIC has been designed, fabricated, and has undergone preliminary evaluation. We report on the development process, operational requirements, and performance results.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128981301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5