Journal of Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Genomewide architecture of adaptation in experimentally evolved Drosophila characterized by widespread pleiotropy","authors":"Zachary S. Greenspan, Thomas T. Barter, Mark A. Phillips, José M. Ranz, Michael R. Rose, Laurence D. Mueller","doi":"10.1007/s12041-023-01460-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-023-01460-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dissecting the molecular basis of adaptation remains elusive despite our ability to sequence genomes and transcriptomes. At present, most genomic research on selection focusses on signatures of selective sweeps in patterns of heterozygosity. Other research has studied changes in patterns of gene expression in evolving populations but has not usually identified the genetic changes causing these shifts in expression. Here we attempt to go beyond these approaches by using machine learning tools to explore interactions between the genome, transcriptome, and life-history phenotypes in two groups of 10 experimentally evolved <i>Drosophila</i> populations subjected to selection for opposing life history patterns. Our findings indicate that genomic and transcriptomic data have comparable power for predicting phenotypic characters. Looking at the relationships between the genome and the transcriptome, we find that the expression of individual transcripts is influenced by many sites across the genome that are differentiated between the two types of populations. We find that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), transposable elements, and indels are powerful predictors of gene expression. Collectively, our results suggest that the genomic architecture of adaptation is highly polygenic with extensive pleiotropy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transferability of Nikita and Sukkula retrotransposons in domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus) genome","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12041-023-01454-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-023-01454-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This article aimed to detect the existence of barley-specific <em>Nikita</em> and <em>Sukkula</em> retrotransposons in domestic geese samples and to evaluate the evolutionary relationships between these and other transposons belonging to the family Anatidae. Inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (IRAP-PCR) method was performed for these retrotransposons movements in three diverse domestic goose populations (Chinese × Embden crossbred, Turkish White, and Turkish Multicolor). Polymorphism ratios were between 0 and 33% in all samples for <em>Nikita</em> and 0–73% in all samples for <em>Sukkula</em>. In addition, intrapopulation genetic polymorphism rates were also 0–15% in Chinese × Embden crossbred, 0–25% in Turkish White, 0–25% in Turkish Multicolor for <em>Nikita</em>; while 0–27% in Chinese × Embden, and 0–50% in Turkish Multicolor for <em>Sukkula</em>. There was no polymorphism for <em>Sukkula</em> among Turkish White samples. Moreover, the neighbour-joining method was used for phylogenetic tree construction using 38 sequences of different ducks, geese, and swans. <em>In silico</em> analyses supported the transitions of retrotransposons in the family Anatidae. It is concluded that transposon mobility among the phylogenetically distant species may lead to understanding evolutionary relationships. This report is one of the first studies investigating retrotransposon movements in domestic geese, revealing a new perspective on the goose genome regarding mobile genetic elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two novel heterozygous ADCY10 variants identified in Chinese pediatric patients with absorptive hypercalciuria: case report and literature review","authors":"Yucheng Ge, Yukun Liu, Ruichao Zhan, Zhenqiang Zhao, Wenying Wang, Ye Tian","doi":"10.1007/s12041-023-01458-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-023-01458-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) is a prevalent cause of kidney stones, and the adenylate cyclase 10 (<i>ADCY10</i>) gene is a rare causative gene of AH. This study aims to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of patients with AH caused by <i>ADCY10</i> gene mutations. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on the probands and their family members, respectively. Clinical and genetic data of patients with AH caused by <i>ADCY10</i> gene mutations were collected and analysed retrospectively from the present study and published literature. Two female patients (6 years old and 1 year old) with multiple bilateral kidney stones were found to have a heterozygous c.3304T&gt;C mutation and a heterozygous c.1726C&gt;T mutation in the <i>ADCY10</i> gene. Urinary metabolite analysis revealed that urine calcium / creatinine ratios were 0.95 mmol/mmol and 1.61 mmol/mmol, respectively. Both patients underwent thiazide intake postoperatively, and upon reexamination, urine calcium decreased to within the normal range. A total of 61 patients with AH were reported from previous and present studies. The sex ratio was 7:5 for males to females, and the mean age of onset was 23.61±20.08 years. A total of 16 <i>ADCY10</i> gene mutations were identified, including seven missense (43.75%), five splicing (31.25%), two frameshift (12.50%) and two nonsense mutations (12.50%). Only two cases were identified as homozygous mutations (c.1205_1206del), and the others were heterozygous mutations. In summary, we identified two novel <i>ADCY10</i> gene candidate pathogenic variants in Chinese pediatric patients, which expands the mutational spectrum of the <i>ADCY10</i> gene and provides a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139424093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FSTest: an efficient tool for cross-population fixation index estimation on variant call format files","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12041-023-01459-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-023-01459-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Fixation index (<em>F</em>_st) statistics provide critical insights into evolutionary processes affecting the structure of genetic variation within and among populations. <em>F</em>_st statistics have been widely applied in population and evolutionary genetics to identify genomic regions targeted by selection pressures. The FSTest 1.3 software was developed to estimate four <em>F</em>_st statistics of Hudson, Weir and Cockerham, Nei, and Wright using high-throughput genotyping or sequencing data. Here, we introduced FSTest 1.3 and compared its performance with two widely used software VCFtools 0.1.16 and PLINK 2.0. Chromosome 1 of 1000 Genomes Phase III variant data belonging to South Asian (<em>n</em> = 211) and African (<em>n</em> = 274) populations were included as an example case in this study. Different <em>F</em>_st estimates were calculated for each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a pairwise comparison of South Asian against African populations, and the results of FSTest 1.3 were confirmed by VCFtools 0.1.16 and PLINK 2.0. Two different sliding window approaches, one based on a fixed number of SNPs and another based on a fixed number of base pair (bp) were conducted using FSTest 1.3 and VCFtools 0.1.16. Our results showed that regions with low coverage genotypic data could lead to an overestimation of <em>F</em>_st in sliding window analysis using a fixed number of bp. FSTest 1.3 could mitigate this challenge by estimating the average of consecutive SNPs along the chromosome. FSTest 1.3 allows direct analysis of VCF files with a small amount of code and can calculate <em>F</em>_st estimates on a desktop computer for more than a million SNPs in a few minutes. FSTest 1.3 is freely available at https://github.com/similab/FSTest.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"208 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139104635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular data reveals a new genus of blindsnakes within Asiatyphlopinae from India","authors":"Chinta Sidharthan, Pragyadeep Roy, K. Praveen Karanth","doi":"10.1007/s12041-023-01457-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-023-01457-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Indotyphlops</i> has a widespread distribution in the Indian landmass and Southeast Asia, with 20 reported species. The current classification within the genus is based on morphology. In this study, we sampled all the reported <i>Indotyphlops</i> species from subcontinental India, to resolve relationships within this genus and to understand biogeographic patterns that resulted in the widespread distribution. We generated sequences for five nuclear markers which were used in the global typhlopoid phylogeny and built phylogenetic trees of the superfamily Typhlopoidea. We also carried out divergence time analysis and biogeographic analysis to understand the time and modes of dispersal and diversification of these species. The results show <i>Indotyphlops</i> sensu lato to be polyphyletic, with the clade consisting of <i>I. porrectus</i> and <i>I. exiguus</i> sister to a clade consisting of the southeast Asian typhlopid genera <i>Ramphotyphlops</i>, <i>Anilios</i>, <i>Malayotyphlops</i>, <i>Acutotyphlops</i>, <i>Sundatyphlops</i>, and <i>Indotyphlops</i> sensu stricto. The other clade consists of <i>I. pammeces</i> and <i>I. braminus</i> from the Indian subcontinent and <i>I. albiceps</i> from Southeast Asia. Biogeographical analysis suggests two dispersals from Asia to the Indian landmass—an earlier dispersal from Eurasia into India led to the lineage consisting of <i>I. porrectus</i> and <i>I. exiguus</i>, followed by a later dispersal that evolved into <i>I. pammeces</i> and <i>I. braminus</i>. These results necessitate a taxonomic revision. We propose the genus <i>Pseudoindotyphlops</i> gen. nov. for the clade currently consisting of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of <i>I. porrectus</i> and <i>I. exiguus,</i> and all descendants thereof.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139080128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two novel heterozygous <i>ADCY10</i> variants identified in Chinese pediatric patients with absorptive hypercalciuria: case report and literature review.","authors":"Yucheng Ge, Yukun Liu, Ruichao Zhan, Zhenqiang Zhao, Wenying Wang, Ye Tian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) is a prevalent cause of kidney stones, and the adenylate cyclase 10 (<i>ADCY10</i>) gene is a rare causative gene of AH. This study aims to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of patients with AH caused by <i>ADCY10</i> gene mutations. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on the probands and their family members, respectively. Clinical and genetic data of patients with AH caused by <i>ADCY10</i> gene mutations were collected and analysed retrospectively from the present study and published literature. Two female patients (6 years old and 1 year old) with multiple bilateral kidney stones were found to have a heterozygous c.3304T>C mutation and a heterozygous c.1726C>T mutation in the <i>ADCY10</i> gene. Urinary metabolite analysis revealed that urine calcium / creatinine ratios were 0.95 mmol/mmol and 1.61 mmol/mmol, respectively. Both patients underwent thiazide intake postoperatively, and upon reexamination, urine calcium decreased to within the normal range. A total of 61 patients with AH were reported from previous and present studies. The sex ratio was 7:5 for males to females, and the mean age of onset was 23.61±20.08 years. A total of 16 <i>ADCY10</i> gene mutations were identified, including seven missense (43.75%), five splicing (31.25%), two frameshift (12.50%) and two nonsense mutations (12.50%). Only two cases were identified as homozygous mutations (c.1205_1206del), and the others were heterozygous mutations. In summary, we identified two novel <i>ADCY10</i> gene candidate pathogenic variants in Chinese pediatric patients, which expands the mutational spectrum of the <i>ADCY10</i> gene and provides a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"103 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COQ7 splice site variant causing a spastic paraparesis phenotype in siblings.","authors":"Haseena Sait, Manmohan Pandey, Shubha R Phadke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>COQ7</i> gene is one of the causative genes for primary <i>COQ10</i> deficiency-related disorders. OMIM-related phenotypes include severe encephalo-myo-nephrocardiopathy and distal hereditary motor neuronopathy. In the present study, we performed the exome sequencing analysis on the proband of a single family with two siblings affected by hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP). Segregation analysis was conducted on the affected siblings and parents using the Sanger sequencing. <i>In silico</i> secondary and tertiary pre-mRNA structure analysis and protein modelling were carried out. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous splice site variant in the <i>COQ7</i> gene (NM_016138.5: c.367+G>A) in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed the homozygous status in the affected sibling and heterozygous status in both parents, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. <i>In silico</i> secondary and tertiary premRNA structure analysis and protein modelling predicted the deleterious nature of the variant. This case highlights a distinct intermediate phenotype of <i>COQ7</i> related disorders comprising early-onset spastic paraparesis due to a novel splice site variant in the <i>COQ7</i> gene. This expands the spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with <i>COQ7</i> deficiency and underscores the importance of considering <i>COQ7</i> gene mutations in the differential diagnosis of HSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"103 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FSTest: an efficient tool for cross-population fixation index estimation on variant call format files.","authors":"Seyed Milad Vahedi, Siavash Salek Ardestani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fixation index (<i>F_st</i>) statistics provide critical insights into evolutionary processes affecting the structure of genetic variation within and among populations. <i>F_st</i> statistics have been widely applied in population and evolutionary genetics to identify genomic regions targeted by selection pressures. The FSTest 1.3 software was developed to estimate four <i>F_st</i> statistics of Hudson, Weir and Cockerham, Nei, and Wright using high-throughput genotyping or sequencing data. Here, we introduced FSTest 1.3 and compared its performance with two widely used software VCFtools 0.1.16 and PLINK 2.0. Chromosome 1 of 1000 Genomes Phase III variant data belonging to South Asian (<i>n</i> = 211) and African (<i>n</i> = 274) populations were included as an example case in this study. Different <i>F_st</i> estimates were calculated for each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a pairwise comparison of South Asian against African populations, and the results of FSTest 1.3 were confirmed by VCFtools 0.1.16 and PLINK 2.0. Two different sliding window approaches, one based on a fixed number of SNPs and another based on a fixed number of base pair (bp) were conducted using FSTest 1.3 and VCFtools 0.1.16. Our results showed that regions with low coverage genotypic data could lead to an overestimation of <i>F_st</i> in sliding window analysis using a fixed number of bp. FSTest 1.3 could mitigate this challenge by estimating the average of consecutive SNPs along the chromosome. FSTest 1.3 allows direct analysis of VCF files with a small amount of code and can calculate <i>F_st</i> estimates on a desktop computer for more than a million SNPs in a few minutes. FSTest 1.3 is freely available at https://github.com/similab/FSTest.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"103 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first complete mitochondrial genome of the critically endangered Malaysian giant turtle, <i>Orlitia borneensis</i> (Testudines: Geoemydidae).","authors":"Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh, Yuzine Esa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present here the complete mitochondrial sequence of the critically endangered Malaysian giant turtle, <i>Orlitia borneensis</i>. The assembled mitochondrial genome includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and one control region. This mitochondrial genome has been archived in the NCBI GenBank with accession number OQ808845. The <i>Batagur</i> control region is relatively smaller than <i>O. borneensis</i> and closer to <i>Aldabrachelys gigantea</i>, which suggests potentially that <i>O. borneensis</i> has undergone an expansion in the control region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"103 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fly clock, my clock, and lamin B receptor.","authors":"Durgadas P Kasbekar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the fruit fly &lt;i&gt;Drosophila melanogaster&lt;/i&gt;, circadian rhythm was disrupted when the inner nuclear membrane protein lamin B receptor (LBR) was depleted from its clock neurons (&lt;i&gt;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA&lt;/i&gt; 118, e2019756118. 2021; https://doi.org/10. 1073/pnas.2019756118 and &lt;i&gt;Research&lt;/i&gt; 6, 0139, 2023; https://doi.org/10.34133/research.0139). Ordinarily, the clock proteinPERIOD (PER) forms foci close to the inner nuclear membrane in the circadian clock's repression phase. The size, number, and location of foci near the nuclear membrane oscillate with a 24-h rhythm. When LBR was absent the foci did not form. The PER foci bring &lt;i&gt;per&lt;/i&gt; and other clock genes close to the nuclear envelope, where their transcription is silenced. Then, in the circadian clock's activation phase, the PER protein gradually gets degraded and the foci disappear. The clock genes, including &lt;i&gt;per&lt;/i&gt;, relocate to the nucleus interior where they resume transcription. Rhythmic re-positioning of clock genes between nucleus periphery and interior, correlates with their repression and activation in the circadian cycle. Absence of LBR disrupted this rhythm. Phosphorylation of PER promoted the formation of foci whereas dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A causedthem to disappear. LBR promoted focus formation by destabilizing the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. The &lt;i&gt;lbr&lt;/i&gt; gene is no stranger to this journal. The first hint that vertebrate LBR is also a sterol biosynthesis enzyme, specifically, a sterol C14 reductase, was reported here (&lt;i&gt;J. Genet&lt;/i&gt;. 73, 33-41, 1994; https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jgen/073/01/0033-0041). Mutations in the human &lt;i&gt;Lbr&lt;/i&gt; gene cause a range of phenotypes--from the relatively benign Pelger-Huet anomaly to the perinatally lethal Greenberg skeletal dysplasia.Drosophila, like all insects, is a sterol auxotroph. The fly orthologue of vertebrate &lt;i&gt;lbr&lt;/i&gt; genes encodes a protein (dLBR) that shares several properties with vertebrate LBR proteins, with one notable exception. While human LBR complemented theyeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg24 mutant which lacks sterol C14 reductase activity, dLBR did not (&lt;i&gt;J. Cell. Sci. 117&lt;/i&gt;, 2015-28, 2004; https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01052). Despite not possessing sterol reductase activity, dLBR retains significant sequence homology with vertebrate LBRs which have this activity. An undergraduate summer trainee in my laboratory obtained early (unpublished) evidence that dLBR lost sterol reductase activity during evolution. She transferred adult drosophila flies to vials containing a medium made of agar, dextrose, and dried and powdered mycelium of the filamentous fungus &lt;i&gt;Neurospora crassa&lt;/i&gt;. On medium made with wild-type mycelium, theflies mated, laid eggs, hatched larvae, and developed pupae which eclosed progeny adult flies. The life cycle was no different than on 'regular' fly food composed of agar, dextrose and yeast extract. However, on a medium made with my","PeriodicalId":15907,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetics","volume":"103 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}