Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Advances and Challenges in the Application of Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery.","authors":"Yang Kun, Zhao Song","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01232-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01232-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common but severe complication following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Traditional anticoagulants such as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin K antagonists face limitations in clinical due to requirements for frequent monitoring, subcutaneous administration, and poor patient adherence. Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs), with advantages including oral administration, stable pharmacokinetics, and no requirement for routine monitoring, have emerged as potential alternatives for postoperative VTE prophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review synthesized evidence from PubMed and Web of Science (up to October 2024). Initial plans for a systematic review were adjusted due to limited CRC-specific trials, focusing instead on bridging existing evidence to emerging clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative VTE incidence remains heterogeneous, influenced by symptom-driven versus systematic detection and temporal improvements in perioperative care. Extended LMWH reduces VTE risk, yet adherence remains low. The PROLAPS II trial demonstrated rivaroxaban's efficacy in reducing VTE after laparoscopic CRC surgery, with comparable major bleeding rates to placebo. Meta-analyses confirm NOACs' non-inferiority to LMWH for short-term prophylaxis, but CRC-specific extended regimens lack validation. Safety concerns include heightened gastrointestinal/genitourinary bleeding risks and potential drug interactions with anticancer therapies. Clinician familiarity gaps and patient resistance to injectable agents further impede guideline adherence. Conflicting guidelines underscore unresolved debates on ideal regimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NOACs offer practical advantages over LMWH for extended thromboprophylaxis in CRC surgery, particularly in enhancing adherence. However, bleeding risks and limited high-quality evidence necessitate cautious clinical integration. Future research must prioritize large-scale RCTs to validate LMWH-NOAC sequential regimens, optimize risk-stratified protocols, and address interactions within enhanced recovery pathways. Harmonized guidelines and provider education are critical to bridging implementation gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Palliative Esophageal External Beam Radiation Therapy in Patients with Stent for Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Emily Adams, Héloïse Lavoie-Gagnon, Farhana Islam, Michael Humer, Benjamin Mou, Theodora A Koulis, David Kim, Siavash Atrchian","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01228-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01228-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) provide immediate but nondurable dysphagia relief in esophageal cancer, while external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) provides slower, more durable dysphagia relief. While the combination of SEMS with EBRT would seem to offer both rapid and durable dysphagia relief in the palliative setting, there remains controversy on its safety and efficacy. We investigated patient outcomes regarding EBRT after SEMS placement in patients with incurable esophageal cancer at a regional Canadian cancer program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-centre retrospective chart review from January 2010 to July 2020 to compare stent-related complications and survival in patients with incurable esophageal cancer treated with SEMS alone or SEMS + EBRT at Kelowna General Hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>66 patients were included in the SEMS alone group and 26 in the SEMS + EBRT group. Patients treated with SEMS alone showed an average of 3.05 fewer stent-related complications compared to patients who received SEMS + EBRT. The SEMS alone group also had 9.05 greater odds of experiencing higher grade complications compared to the SEMS + EBRT group (p < 0.001). Patients in the SEMS + EBRT group survived significantly longer than those treated with SEMS alone, with a median overall survival of 163.5 days and 65 days, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SEMS monotherapy was associated with significantly fewer, yet higher grade stent-related complications compared to palliative EBRT after SEMS placement. SEMS + EBRT treatment was associated with significantly prolonged survival compared to SEMS alone. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Resection Versus Microwave Ablation for Colorectal Liver Oligometastases: A Multicenter Cohort Study of 1027 Patients.","authors":"Bin Li, Lei Li, He Ren","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01222-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01222-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The choice between surgical resection (SR) and microwave ablation (MWA) as first-line treatments that prolong survival duration for colorectal liver oligometastases (CRLOM) remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare survival outcomes, therapeutic parameters, and safety between SR and MWA in patients with CRLOM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2012 to December 2022, we identified 1027 eligible patients with CRLOM who underwent either SR (n = 464) or MWA (n = 563) as hepatic local-region treatment. The cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates between the two modalities were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to improve the selective bias. Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinicopathological variables were conducted to identify risk factors affecting long-term survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, all baseline variables were balanced between the SR (n = 393) and MWA groups (n = 393). After a median follow-up of 39.8 months, no significant differences in the long-term survival outcomes were observed between the two groups (median OS time, MWA: 70.6 months vs. SR: 83.2 months; P = 0.124; median PFS time, MWA: 18.5 months vs. SR: 22.3 months; P = 0.680). PSM-adjusted analyses revealed similar results. The presence of 3-5 intrahepatic nodules (hazards ratio [HR] 1.65; 95% CI 1.31-2.06; P < 0.001) and SR (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.11-1.69; P = 0.028) were independent prognostic risk factors for OS. A significant interaction effect of therapeutic modality and age, pathological differentiation, diameter, and number was observed (P = 0.039, 0.004, 0.031, and 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MWA offers comparable long-term survival benefits to SR for patients with CRLOM.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Protein Biomarkers for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Integrating Human Plasma Proteome with Genome.","authors":"Yu-Sen Chen, Wei-Bang Yang, Yi-Hu Li, Jin-Yang Xu, Yu-Xuan Wei, Si-Min Huang, Xiao-Feng Jiang, Jian-Hui Li","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01226-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01226-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The proteome serves as a key source for the discovery of therapeutic targets. This study utilized proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify protein biomarkers potentially associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derived protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) from the deCODE plasma proteome GWAS and genetic ICC associations from a European meta-analysis. Proteome-wide MR identified candidate proteins linked to ICC risk. Expression of MR-identified biomarkers in the plasma of ICC patients was detected by ELISA. ScRNA-seq analysis detected the specific cell type with enrichment expression. Prognostic and diagnostic evaluations in ICC of these proteins were performed using samples derived from TCGA and GTEx databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis genetically predicted 5 proteins were associated with ICC risk (STX12, A2M, CD163, CXADR and FOXJ2). The results of the MR analysis for the five identified targets were consistent with the measured plasma concentrations of these targets in ICC patients and healthy volunteers. The differential RNA-seq analysis between tumor and adjacent normal tissues showed that STX12 was expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues, while A2M, CXADR, CD163, and FOXJ2 were expressed at higher levels in adjacent normal tissues. ScRNA-seq analysis revealed that these protein-coding genes are mainly expressed in TAMs, TEC, HPC-like cells and malignant cells in ICC tumor tissue. Prognosis analysis showed higher CXADR expression correlated with longer OS in CHOL (P = 0.041). The AUC for A2M, CD163, CXADR, FOXJ2, and STX12 were 0.975, 0.705, 0.917, 0.997, and 0.956, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study represents the first Proteome-MR analysis of ICC, revealing its complex genetic architecture and identifying five novel blood proteins with potential causal links to the disease. Through proteome-MR analysis, scRNA-seq analysis, and diagnostic-prognostic evaluation using TCGA and GTEx databases, these proteins were assessed as promising therapeutic and diagnostic targets. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for future ICC treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supportive Care Needs and Related Interventions in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer and Their Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Liang Fu, Su Hyun Kim, Deanna Dolores Garcia, Marcus Lambert, Lurheinna Rosado Rivera, Matt Hayward, Candice Vieira, Alexander Parikh, Ping Yu, Lixin Song","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01218-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01218-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive literature review regarding supportive care needs and related interventions for patients with pancreatic cancer and/or their informal caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis, we conducted this review. In January 2025, we searched five English databases using the keywords \"pancreatic cancer,\" \"patients/caregivers,\" \"supportive care,\" and \"needs.\" We summarized the data employing the Supportive Care Framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 4752 references identified, 43 articles were included in the review. Among the 33 descriptive studies, informational needs emerged as the most frequently reported supportive care need, identified in studies involving both patients and informal caregivers (n = 6), patients only (n = 13), and informal caregivers only (n = 5). These were followed by emotional needs (n = 4) for both patients and informal caregivers, physical needs (n = 8) for patients only, and emotional (n = 4) and practical needs (n = 4) for informal caregivers only. Psycho-educational interventions were the most frequently reported approach for addressing the needs of both patients and informal caregivers, while pain/symptom management interventions were the most frequently used to support patients alone. Four studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in outcomes for intervention groups compared to control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with pancreatic cancer and their informal caregivers experienced a spectrum of supportive care needs, particularly informational needs. Intervention strategies have been developed to address their supportive care needs, but only a few studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in outcomes. These findings advance our understanding of the supportive care needs and related interventions for patients with pancreatic cancer and/or their informal caregivers, providing a foundation for future research and targeted interventions to better address these needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study on Complete Pathological Response in Advanced Rectal Cancer Patient with Oxaliplatin-based Chemotherapy without Cumulative Neurotoxicity.","authors":"Rehab A M Jawad, Bahir Abdul-Razzaq Mshimesh, Qasim S Al-Mayah, Fawaz Al-Alloosh","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01227-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01227-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathological response in rectal cancer treatment provides insight into the molecular mechanisms, including genetic alterations and signaling pathways that influence tumor behavior and resistance to treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report describes a 34-year-old Iraqi male diagnosed with stage III rectal cancer who achieved a complete pathological response following treatment with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Notably, this outcome was achieved without the administration of chemoradiotherapy or the occurrence of neurotoxicity despite the efficacious cumulative‑dose administration (1700 mg/m²) of oxaliplatin. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a heterozygous (Ile/Val) genotype in the GSTP1 gene, which may have contributed to the observed treatment response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Genetic biomarkers play a crucial role in refining treatment strategies by enabling a more precise selection of patients who may safely forgo radiotherapy, thereby minimizing its associated toxicities. Additionally, molecular profiling can help predict susceptibility to oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity, facilitating dose adjustments or alternative therapeutic approaches to enhance treatment tolerance and long-term quality of life. Our findings highlight the importance of molecular profiling in optimizing treatment strategies while minimizing toxicity, especially in situations where radiological assessments suggest residual disease or produce unclear results.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory T Cell Infiltration-Driven Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies SAP18 as a Prognostic Marker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Jianxiang Huang, Hanshuo Zhang, Xinyue Lin, Xiaolong Wu, Xiaoshan Chen, Wang Chen, Shanshan Liang, Yun Chen, Qianhua Luo, Chengcheng Xu, Shaojie Liu, Xingmei Liu, Shuyao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01174-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01174-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is characterized by molecular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), in particular, play a critical role in shaping an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which is associated with poor clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a prognostic model by integrating GEO-derived bulk RNA sequencing data and single-cell transcriptome. Model predictions were confirmed through RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry on clinical specimens, while in vitro assays (CCK8, transwell invasion, scratch, colony formation, and immunofluorescence) validated the function of SAP18 in cell proliferation, invasion, and ECM remodeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression patterns of the 5 Tregs-associated genes in clinical specimens aligned with model predictions, underscoring the model's robustness. The high-risk subgroup was associated with upregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, an abundance of immune-suppressive cells, higher TP53 mutation rate, and limited benefit from immunotherapy. In contrast, the low-risk subgroup exhibited anti-tumor immunity. Cell-cell communication analysis also implicated the collagen pathway in Tregs-mediated immune evasion in ESCC. Functional assays indicated that SAP18 in the prognostic model significantly promotes proliferation, invasion, and ECM reconstruction, further highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings elucidate the role of Tregs in the TME, underscoring significant potential of SAP18, which is essential for assessing patient prognosis and may facilitate the development of personalized therapies for ESCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, Valsartan, Has Beneficial Effect in Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Treated with Fluorouracil.","authors":"Fereshteh Asgharzadeh, Niloufar Naghibzadeh, Milad Hashemzehi, Asma Mostafapour, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian, Amir Avan, Majid Khazaei","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01221-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01221-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGFR as a Predictive Marker for Targeted Therapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nika Seraji, Irina Berger","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01214-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01214-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute approximately 25% of cancers worldwide. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family is a promising target for immunotherapy aiming  to enhance survival rates. FGFR alterations are associated with GI carcinomas. Their predictive value in different malignancies remains a focus area. While FGFR inhibitors have been approved for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) therapy, uncertainties remain regarding other GI cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search terms included \"FGFR\" and each of the GI malignancies. A total of 18 studies were included in this review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The efficacy of FGFR-targeted therapy is evident. Strong evidence supports the use of FGFR inhibitors in CC, gastro-oesophageal cancer (GC/OC), and hepatocellular cancer, while there is limited evidence for pancreatic cancer (PC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Alteration forms like FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement are associated with CC, while FGFR2 amplification and FGFR2b overexpression are associated with GC/OC. The administration of multi-kinase inhibitors without prior genomic testing, makes distinct study outcomes not solely attributable to the FGFR blockade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FGFRs have a predictive value for GI cancers. Certain FGFR alterations are predictable for specific GI cancers. The most established FGFR-targeted therapy is for CC. It is essential to expand the FGFR research field for PC and CRC. Consistent molecular diagnostics in clinical trials are vital to comprehend the patient population with the highest efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental Gallbladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Pritesh Kumar N, Yashika Gupta, Hirdaya H Nag","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01212-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01212-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patients undergoing cholecystectomy for a presumed benign disease may present with histopathology report revealing carcinoma in the gallbladder specimen, in which case it is referred to as incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC). This review highlights the approach to evaluation and management of these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Available literature from various sources has been reviewed and presented in a narrative format.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early referral to a tertiary centre for appropriate staging and definitive management is paramount. Once distant metastasis is ruled out, re-resection is indicated in patients with pathological T-stage ≥T1b with the aim to attain R0 resection, and perform complete staging lymphadenectomy, and has been shown to confer survival benefit. Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive approaches have been demonstrated in recent years. Role of peri-operative chemo(radio)-therapy in IGBC remains uncertain and prospective trials are warranted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IGBC is being increasingly diagnosed as the number of cholecystectomies for presumed benign diseases is steadily increasing globally. Overall prognosis depends on the stage and is especially poor in those with residual disease at re-operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}