Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Relation to Selected Environmental Parameters along Nairobi River, Kenya","authors":"Naomi Nyambura Ndichu, Samuel Abuyeka Tela, Okeyo Fred","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10717","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic diversity in riverine ecosystems is threatened by the intensification of unsustainable human actions in the river catchment areas. Nairobi River is one of the global wetlands that is experiencing high levels of degradation and this has a detrimental effect on the community's livelihood. The study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic macro invertebrates in relation to some environmental parameters in the Nairobi River watershed in Kenya. The study objectives were: to find out macroinvertebrates' diversity in the Nairobi River; to investigate selected water quality parameters in rainy and dry periods along the river; and to analyze the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates in relation to selected water quality parameters. During the dry days, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity nitrates, and phosphates had significant differences (P ˂0.05 and F˃1). In the same period, macroinvertebrates were higher in the middle course 1 section of the river (mean 657.00) and in the middle course 2 section (mean 588.00) to upper and lower sections. However, there was no significant difference (P > .05) in the sites. Similarly, during the wet days, macroinvertebrates were noted to be higher in the middle course 2 areas (mean 168) and middle course 1 (mean 155). However, the number of macroinvertebrates was not significantly different (P > .05). Animals such as midge larvae and pupa, aquatic earthworms and mosquito larvae were highly tolerant to pollution due to adaptations to survival while others such as water penny, gilled snails, fingernail clam were sensitive to pollution thus they survived in very few sections of the river and in small numbers. The study recommends the need to conserve the river watershed as well as restore degraded river sections to guarantee the continued future provision of ecosystem services to the adjacent urban river communities and improve the river's biological integrity.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio–economic Determinants of Local Tourism Industry Development in Tanzania: A Case of Tarangire National Park, Arusha Region","authors":"None Henry George Mung’ong’o, Laurent Filbert Mziray, Emanuel Daud Pallangyo","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10716","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken in Tarangire national park northern Tanzania looking on local tourism development as literatures shows domestic visitors is growing slowly by 20.4% in 2022 from 14.1% on 2019 comparing to international visitors which rose by 81.9% in 2022 from 40.4% in 2019 visiting various tourist destinations in Tanzania. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the perception of local community on local tourism industry and investigating the socio-economic determinants of local tourism development in order to inform the best approaches to be used as a catalyst for local tourism development in Tanzania. The study adopted a mixed research design where quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used. Simple random and purposive sampling was used to select respondents for the study through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation and document review as methods used to collect data. A total of 134 respondents were involved in the study. Logistic regression was used to make analytical statistics for quantitative findings while content analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings revealed that, local visitors had a positive perception on visiting the tourist destinations of the country during their holidays for refreshment and learning new experiences on local tourism activities. The study revealed that, three out of eight socio-economic determinants which are income of the local tourist, promotion of tourist destination and accessibility of the tourist destinations are statistically significant at P< 0.05 with 95% confidence levels. Based on the findings, this study concludes that the will of local community to visit national parks is hindered by low income, low promotion coverage and poor park accessibility. Therefore, for domestic tourism to grow, the study recommends the authority to improve accessibilities whereby local tourist can get in using their own means of transport as to reduce cost of transport (hiring a tour guide truck). Also, Tanzania Tourist Board and other government agencies should strengthen its marketing strategies and dissemination of appropriate information through social Medias. Finally, the tourism stakeholders should create a mechanism that brings affordable price on tourism services especially accommodation and transport in tourist destinations of the country.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of Village Danshanichara (Azamgarh District), Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Kumar Amit","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10715","url":null,"abstract":"Population is influenced by many factors that fall into the broad realms of demographic characteristics, socio-economic conditions across space and time. This paper adopts an approach to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of these factors effects on population change. Specifically, we conduct the analysis at the micro level Village Danshanichara in Azamgarh District In Uttar Pradesh. The results suggest that the factors have varying effects on population change over time and across rural, suburban, and urban areas. Their effects depend upon the general trend of population redistribution processes, local dynamics, and areal characteristics. Overall, a systematic examination of population dynamics should consider a variety of factors, temporal and spatial variation of their effects [1]. The examination should have the flexibility to identify and incorporate influential factors at a given point in time and space, not to adhere to a single set of drivers in all circumstances. The findings have important implications for population predictions used for local and regional planning.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Literature on Contemporary Planning and Geography Concepts: Unique or Repackaged","authors":"Sirle Salmistu, Zenia Kotval","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10714","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental goal of spatial planning is to plan for and create places for people to live work and play in. Creating functional and aesthetic places for a diverse public is central to most built environment professionals. While planning principles have evolved over time to address the changing needs of our society, they are not necessarily new. Yet the planning profession finds the need to continuously brand and rebrand the concept of planning. This paper looks at contemporary concepts to explore whether they are unique or a repackaging of fundamentally basic, principles of creating safe, comfortable and attractive places.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77014849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critique of the Triangle Method and a Version Suitable for Estimating Soil Moisture from Satellite Imagery","authors":"T. Carlson","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i10713","url":null,"abstract":"A simple version of the triangle model is proposed, that of a right triangle, which allows one to estimate from remote thermal/optical measurements the evapotranspiration fraction and surface soil moisture availability without reference to external variables even in the absence of a full range of vegetation cover and soil dryness. To date however, the triangle method has yet to be applied widely in the field, partly because of the triangle’s limitations and partly due to its complexity whereby prospective users would be unequipped or unwilling to handle its technical aspects, including its mathematical requirements. After a brief description of the triangle geometry, the paper deals with current misconceptions in the use of the triangle/trapezoid method, including the way in which plants deal with water stress. The last part poses a scenario showing how the right triangle model could be applied easily and routinely at field level by the non-specialist.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87565411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Socio-Cultural Activities of Tribal People in Tourism Development in Arunachal Pradesh, with Special Reference to Local Festivals","authors":"Biplab Tripath, S. Raha","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9712","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural diversity is an asset for a nation. Diverse culture can bring an array of beautiful tradition and socio-cultural activities which becomes a point of attraction for people who comes to travel and explore. India is a country of diversity and North East India is known for its diversity of myriad tribes. Arunachal Pradesh homes 26 type of major tribe and many more sub tribes. Thus obviously Arunachal Pradesh is abundant with cultural asset. Each tribe has their own distinct socio-cultural activities that make them special. Tribal tourism is an important part of sustainable tourism, where the tourists involve in responsible tourism activities. The tribal culture of Arunachal Pradesh had been a tourist attractor since the year the state opened itself for tourism. Along with scenic beauty, tribal lifestyle had been a curious attraction for people who love to explore culture. And what can be a major display of culture other than the festivals.  Tribal festival attracts a lot of tourist from all over the place for their beautiful projection of cultural heritage. Tribal local festivals of Arunachal Pradesh hold a great potentiality of tourism industry throughout the year.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85148158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of Phosphorite Investigation in Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India: By Barefoot Geologist","authors":"R. Sharma, B. Balaji, Savan Singh Chouhan","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9711","url":null,"abstract":"The Jhabua phosphorite is the second largest deposit in India after the famous Jhamerkotra deposit of Rajasthan. Though geographically they are separated by state boundaries but geologically they belong to the same domain. The Jhabua deposit is hosted with in the Proterozoic meta-sediments of Aravalli Supergroup. The host litho-units for the stromatolite bearing phosphate mineralization are limestone and chert. The limestone is siliceous in nature and has large variation in terms of impurities and grades to dolomite. The phosphate content is higher in cherts compared to limestone. The stromatolites are the important field guides to locate the phosphate mineralization. But need of geochemical investigation method arises in locating the non stromatolite bearing rock phosphate mineralization. The paper demonstrates very vividly the methodology of exploration for rock phosphate mineralization. This can be seen here as how the basic and conventional techniques of exploration are effectively utilized to first locate the geochemical anomalies on the ground followed by drilling the anomalies and establishing the resources. This is significant here to observe that no state of art technology has been used here during the entire course of exploration, in establishing the resources. This is to underline the importance of conventional exploration techniques which is getting a beating by the frequent use of AI in geology. This case study demonstrates as how the time tested conventional methods are still very much valid and can yield fruitful results if utilized meticulously.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73347725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A UAS-Based Hyperspectral Solution for Vegetative Remote Sensing","authors":"M. Wing","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9710","url":null,"abstract":"The use of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) for remote sensing applications of both natural and human-produced features has become relatively common. Advances in technology over the last decade have led to a variety of UAS platforms and sensors becoming available to consumers. This review describes a recently available hyperspectral sensor that is capable of being mounted on a mid-size UAS platform which should result in at least a 30-minute flight time. An RTK GPS is also available that can add precise positioning to collected imagery. The sensor has 164 bands and should be particularly useful for remote sensing of vegetation.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79046464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Gully Erosion in Anambra State: Geology, Causes, Effects, Control Measures and Challenges Associated with Its Mitigation","authors":"O. Francisca, C. Nelson, C. A. Collins, S. Opeyemi","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9709","url":null,"abstract":"In South-Eastern Nigeria, particularly in Anambra State, gully erosion presents a serious environmental challenge. With over 100 gully sites in the state, only about 30 have received measures of control but are still not fully under control. Observations have shown clearly that the underlying geology exerts major control over the development of gully erosion in the study area. Progressive gullies in certain areas of Anambra State are caused by various factors, including topography, soil and water pH, lithology type, deforestation, hydrogeology, and geotechnical rock properties. This erosion activity has resulted in the loss of productive lands, water pollution, sedimentation of waterways, and the loss of lives and properties almost every year. However, several government agencies have attempted to manage it using concrete structures, stabilization work such as planting bamboo and cashew trees to increase water intake, and pipe structures to channel the water directly to nearby surface waters through the construction of check dams, embankments, and retention ponds to control the flow of water and sediments. Despite these control efforts, several challenges persist in effectively managing gully erosion in Anambra State. Majority of the concrete structures used to control these gullies have collapsed, leading to the incessant spreading of the site. Inadequate funding, failure of engineering structures, flooding, the geologic setting of the area, limited technical expertise, population growth, urbanisation, a lack of public awareness, and a lack of proper coordination among stakeholders hinder the implementation of comprehensive erosion control measures. It is recommended that concrete drainage channels should not only be used in controlling these gullies but also be integrated with other measures to yield a positive result.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76774255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Abattoir Waste on Surface Water Quality Parameters of Iwofe River, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"M. K. Ndukwe, C. E. Igara, O. J. Nkama, C. Ibe, O. Okoro, E. O. Nnnachi, I. E. Atiaetuk","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9708","url":null,"abstract":"Indiscriminate discharge of abattoir wastewater has been a major cause of concern globally due to its negative effect on the environment. This study analyzed the effect of abattoir waste on surface water quality parameters the of Iwofe River, Port-Harcourt, and the River’s state using standard methods. The water samples were collected at three different points (upstream, midstream, and downstream) and the results were analyzed using Oneway ANOVA at p = 0.05. From the results; temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, and turbidity were in the range of 28.50 – 29.70 oC, 7.19 – 7, 3.00 – 6.35 PSU, 5059 – 11208 µS/cm, 91.70 – 164.80 mV, and 59.60 – 78.10 NTU respectively. Although the temperature was slightly above WHO standards, pH, Electrical conductivity, and Turbidity were all within WHO acceptable limits. TDS, TSS, DO, BOD5, and COD were in the range of 2542 - 5604 mg/L, 2.90 – 7.75 mg/L, 5.90 – 12.90 mg/L, 0.42 – 3.08 mg/L, and 5.90 – 18.50 mg/L respectively. DO and TS were above WHO permissible limit while BOD5, COD, TSS, COD, and ORQ were within WHO permissible limit in all samples. Total alkalinity, hardness, Cl-, CO32-, and NO3- were 25 – 113 mg/L, 990.00 – 1256.00 mg/L, 3669.08 – 7887.63 mg/L, 12.50 to 66.00 mg/L, 0.85 – 1.08 mg/L. SO42-, PO42-, oil and grease, and total coliform were in the range of 133.56 – 283.17 mg/L, 90.00 – 100.00 mg/L, 0.10 – 0.15 mg/L, 1.34 × 104 to 2.98 × 105 cfu/mL. Total Alkalinity was within limit only in upstream, while hardness, Cl-, NO3, SO42-, and total coliform were all above WHO permissible limit in drinking water. Heavy/trace metals results ranged as follow; As (<0.001 – 0.009 mg/L), Pb (<0.001 – 0.002 mg/L), Zn (<0.001), Fe (0.019 – 0.285 mg/L), K (8.245 – 8.540 mg/L), Mn (<0.001 – 0.005 mg/L), Mg (3.345 – 4.076 mg/L), Ca (2.452 – 4.085 mg/L), Ni (0.002 – 0.010 mg/L), Cu (<0.001 – 0.006 mg/L), Cr (0.001 – 0.003 mg/L), Cd (0.006 – 0.013 mg/L). As, Pb, Zn, K, Mn, and Ca were not above WHO permissible limit, but were present in significant amount indicating that the river was gradually being polluted with metals. Most of the water quality parameters did not meet WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Also, the study indicates that the meat processing industry can potentially reduce water portability, thereby adversely affecting the range of its uses. Hence the activities of the abattoir should be monitored closely by relevant agencies in order to prevent full-blown environmental problems and health hazards in the near future.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78406569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}