Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International最新文献

{"title":"An Overview of Geomorphological Mapping: A Case Study of Rimbi Chhu River Basin, Sikkim, India","authors":"Taniya Choudhury","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3758","url":null,"abstract":"Geomorphology is the primary science which demonstrates the basic understanding and mapping of terrain features. A geomorphological map consists of scientific data and dynamic source of information on characteristics of landforms, their origin and evolution, which can be recorded in a map form. Basin hydrology also gets impacted by the terrain features of a basin as overland flow, stream flow and through flow is largely determined by the underneath surface. The configuration of the basin topography reflects the nature of the interaction between process and form. Profound understanding and in depth analysis of geomorphological features of a river basin can provide beneficial information for predicting, preventing and mitigating natural hazards; managing natural resources sustainably for future generation. Implementation of remote sensing and GIS techniques have fostered incredible improvements in landform recognition and accelerated the growth of geomorphological research. The river Rimbi Chhu has been selected as the study area in order to determine terrain configuration in relation with geomorphological features of the basin area. Visual representation of terrain (such as aspect, slope, channel networks, different river profiles, shaded relief and flow direction) and geomorphological (saddle, ridge line, convex-concave slope, rounded hills, fault for instance) derivatives is therefore illustrated, as well as a description of the challenges and crisis that can occur in this context.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating GEO-Spatial Techniques for Reflecting Micro-Nutrients and Sulfur Variations and Spatial Distribution to Support Farm Management Practices","authors":"V. Arunkumar, K. Ananthi, K. Manikandan, M. Vijayakumar, M. Yuvaraj","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3757","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the spatial dependency of available sulphur and micronutrients in an experimental farm, 83 soil samples (surface and subsurface) were taken from Agricultural College, Killikulam to characterize the spatial variability of available Sulphur and micronutrients. The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were applied. With the help of geostatistical analyst of ArcGIS software kriged map of different soil parameters were prepared. Available S, Fe, Cu and Zn were fitted with a spherical model and that available Mn was fitted with an exponential model. Soil available Cu had strong spatial dependence with a range of 3.62 km. Available Fe, Zn and Mn had moderate spatial dependence with a range of 9.47 km, 5.61 km and 2.70 km, respectively. Available sulphur had weak spatial dependence with a range of 6.86 km. The spatial distribution of the available sulphur and micronutrients were significantly correlated to the soil formation factors. Agricultural practices such as application of fertilizers and pesticides also had significant effects on the spatial distributions of the available micro-nutrients and sulfur.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"99 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Water Conservation Techniques in Agriculture for Sustainable Resource Management: A review","authors":"Mausmi Rastogi, Shruti Mallikarjun Kolur, Anand Burud, Tejaswini Sadineni, M. Sekhar, Raj Kumar, Aashu Rajput","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3755","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution and impact of water conservation techniques in Indian agriculture, underlining their vital role in fostering sustainable resource management amidst increasing global water scarcity. It begins by exploring traditional water management practices, illuminating their historical relevance and the constraints they face in meeting contemporary agricultural demands. The focus then shifts to modern water conservation methods, including technological advancements in irrigation, such as drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, and subsurface irrigation, alongside agronomic practices like crop rotation, soil moisture management, and mulching, which collectively enhance water efficiency. It explores into the crucial influence of technology and innovation in Indian agriculture, spotlighting precision agriculture with a particular emphasis on sensors and IoT for water management, remote sensing, satellite imagery, and data-driven methodologies incorporating AI, machine learning, and decision support systems. Additionally, it investigates cutting-edge solutions like hydrogel technology for soil water retention and solar-powered irrigation systems. The review also addresses the significance of supportive policy frameworks, community-oriented water management strategies, and the role of education and awareness, highlighting government initiatives, international collaborations, NGO involvement, and farmer training programs. Regional case studies are presented to analyze the effects of these water conservation practices on sustainability and productivity, offering insights into lessons learned and the potential for replication. Lastly, the review identifies and discusses the challenges and barriers to implementation, encompassing economic and financial limitations, technological and infrastructural gaps, social and cultural obstacles, and environmental considerations. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that synergistically integrates technology, policy, community engagement, and education, crucial for advancing water conservation in Indian agriculture and ensuring its sustainability and resilience amidst diverse environmental and socio-economic challenges.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"67 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Climate Change Financing Mechanisms in Cameroon: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Lovees Ahfembombi Lueong, Suiven John Paul Tume","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3754","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a development challenge, particularly for developing countries like Cameroon, characterised by heightened vulnerability due to socio-economic structures and reliance on climate-sensitive sectors. Mitigation and adaptation measures are imperative, making financing mechanisms a central focus of international cooperation. This review examines the intricate landscape of climate change financing in Cameroon, providing an in-depth understanding of existing mechanisms, their effectiveness, and the challenges hampering optimal implementation. The study scrutinizes diverse funding sources, encompassing international climate funds, bilateral agreements, and national budget allocations. Key challenges, including fragmented approaches, accessibility issues, and alignment with national development goals, are identified. The study underscores the critical importance of coordination, capacity building, and strategic alignment in navigating the complex climate financing landscape. By systematically addressing these challenges, Cameroon can enhance the utilization of climate finance, ensuring tangible benefits for local communities and substantial contributions to sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Variability and Distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in Soot-Contaminated Rain and Rivers at Oyigbo, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Nurudeen Onomhoale Ahmed, Andrew Adesola Obafemi, G. Udom","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i3753","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive study delves into the analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in soot-contaminated rain and rivers within Oyigbo, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria, with a primary focus on unraveling the geospatial variability and distribution of TPH in the impacted water sources. The study adopts a multifaceted methodology, incorporating fieldwork, sampling, laboratory analysis, and geospatial mapping using ArcGIS 10.4 software to elucidate spatial variations. Results spotlight the highest rainwater TPH concentrations at MKT 7 - Umuosi Market (128.179 mg/L) and the lowest at SET 13 - Okpontu Settlements (8.976 mg/L), situated in the Okoloma and Umu Agbai-Obete axis, respectively. Likewise, river water exhibits the highest TPH at RVR 5 - Imo River (37.118 mg/L), and the lowest at RVR 6 - Imo River (187.118 mg/L), at Okoloma and Umu Agbai-Obete axis. Analysis of the 41 samples indicates that 19 locations surpass the 50 mg/L acceptable limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017), and the Department of Petroleum Resources (DRP - EGASPIN, 2018), Nigeria standards, with 10 locations recording concentrations above, and 12 locations falling below 30 mg/L. These findings underscore approximately 46% exhibiting high, 24% displaying medium, and 29 % showcasing low concentrations across the study area, following a spatial pattern with higher pollution dispersion in the Northern and North-western regions at Okoloma and Obigbo axes, and lower pollution levels in the Eastern regions at Umu Agbai-Obete axis. In essence, this study provides a comprehensive insight into TPH in soot-contaminated water resources in Oyigbo, contributing significantly to the advancement of knowledge regarding spatial variation, distribution, and implications for water quality management. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable resource for policy development, offering evidence for targeted environmental programs and practical assistance to environmentalists, researchers, government agencies, and the public in the assessment and enhancement of water quality in affected communities.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Governance in Implementing Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Congo Basin Case of Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Ahfembombi Lovees Lueong","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2751","url":null,"abstract":"The low adaptability capacity of the Central African sub-region to climate change has made it one of Africans’ most vulnerable sub-regions in the continent as this sub-region depends heavily on resources sensitive to climate change. Cameroon and the Democratic Republic Congo are host to the world's second largest rainforest after the Amazon. This implies that climate change will undermine development in this sub-region and the rest of the continent as the effects of climate change are faced more by the most vulnerable. There is however rising interest in SSA to mitigate and adapt climate change solutions. While such efforts exist, knowledge on the governance arrangements exist in very fragmented forms. Specifically, knowledge on how global climate changes processes is reflected in national policies remain relatively less studied. So too are their limited evidence on how national policies play out at local level. Such knowledge deficits stall scientific evidence building and policy orientation to strengthen climate adaptation practices in countries of SSA, with Cameroon and DRC being classical examples. Yet theory building on climate change governance requires such context specific evidence. In addition, for a comprehensive policy to be adopted and made effective, climate change actions require such scientific evidence. This therefore validates the need to analyze how such global processes are framed into national policy and policy instruments for climate mitigation and adaptation, and to establish the connections and disconnections between what is framed at national level and what applies at local level in terms of climate change policy instrument and what explains such variations. Though effective climate action requires political commitment, well-aligned multi-level governance and institutional frameworks, laws, policies and strategies, as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there is still need for clear goals, adequate finance and financing tools, coordination across multiple policy domains, and inclusive governance processes in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo to harness these goals. This study investigated the role of governance in implementing climate change adaptation in Cameroon and the DRC. This research therefore aimed at examining the role of governance in implementing climate change adaptation strategies in Cameroon and the DRC. The study made use of primary and secondary data which was analyzed using content analysis to triangulate the relationship that exist between governance and the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies in Cameroon and the DRC. Results highlight the dominant role of governance in shaping adaptation efforts, challenges in implementation, spatial disparities, and the influence of national policies and stakeholder engagement. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for improving governance structures, enhancing stakeholder participation, mainstreaming gend","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"148 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140428779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Population Dynamics in Kenya: A Need for Policy Implementation","authors":"Thomas Opiyo Okumu","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2750","url":null,"abstract":"Population dynamics significantly influence various aspects of a country’s development, including economic growth, social progress, and environmental sustainability. In Kenya, population dynamics have been a critical factor shaping the country’s development agenda. This abstract aims to assess the impact of population dynamics in Kenya and the need for policy implementation. The relationship between population growth and economic development is complex and multifaceted. While an increasing population may fuel economic growth through a larger workforce, it simultaneously exerts pressure on essential resources and services. This paper examines the trends and implications of population growth in Kenya, a country characterized by a high fertility rate, and assesses its impact on economic dynamics. By analyzing the challenges posed by this demographic trend, the study elucidates the significant influence of population on Kenya's economy. Furthermore, it delves into the strategies implemented by the Kenyan government to mitigate adverse effects and proposes additional measures for sustainable development. Through this investigation, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between population growth and economic stability in Kenya, highlighting the necessity for effective policy interventions.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"308 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Air-Sea CO2 Flux during ARAMIS, EGEE and ROAM","authors":"Kouakou Urbain Koffi, Raoul Pélémayo Touré, S. Djakouré, Yves Kouadio, Sedja Souleymane Toure, Georges Kouadio","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2749","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to compare evolution of the CO2 in two different areas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. We investigate the spatial and temporal variability of CO2 fluxes, Total Alkalinity (TA), Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and hydrological parameters (Salinity and Temperature) in the western and eastern tropical Atlantic for three years (2005-2006-2007), using the data collected during the ARAMIS 7, 8 and 10, EGEE and ROAM cruises (2019-2020). Our results showed that Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), TA and DIC are higher on average in the western area than in the eastern tropical Atlantic, except the oceanic CO2 fugacity (fCO2sw). A north-south gradient is observed with high values in the south of the Equator and low values in the north. This gradient is due to the Equatorial upwelling, which upwelled CO2-rich deep water to the surface; in addition, the Guinea current (GC) transports low salinity and parameters of carbon in the eastern area and Amazon outflow at West decreases the concentration of these parameters. On average, the western area was a sink of 0.34 mmol.m-2.d-1 and the eastern basin a source of 1.15 mmol.m-2.d-1. During ROAM cruises, air-sea CO2 flux was ten times higher than during all the EGEE cruises and more for all ARAMIS cruises.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Monitoring of Oil Spill Impacted Vegetation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Google Earth Engine Derived Vegetation Indices Approach","authors":"Vremudia Onyeayana Wekpe, Benjamin Evi Idisi","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2748","url":null,"abstract":"New and emerging cases of oil spill incidents are reported almost on a weekly basis in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with accusations and counter-accusations as to the claims made by interested parties on perceived impacts of the spills on the environment and its associated constituents. This study applied the capabilities offered by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to monitor long-term vegetation dynamics as a result of exposure to pollution emanating from crude oil spills in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The capabilities offered by GEE provide a platform for rapid access to big data for the assessment of environmental change, especially in the Niger Delta with its difficult terrain and security concerns. This study considered oil spill incidents in vegetated terrestrial locations in the Niger Delta across ten years. Fifteen locations spread across the region with oil spill incidents identified as large incidents being selected (>50 <5000bbl). Results of the statistical analysis performed on the vegetation indices data generated from GEE suggest that the analysis of long-term vegetation indices using GEE can provide a broad view of the impact of oil spills on vegetation over time if the spills are relatively large or the spills are repetitive. However, when the spills were relatively small, there was no statistically significant variation in the spectral signatures of the vegetation over time. This suggests that for large spills, GEE-derived vegetation indices can be a very useful synoptic tool in monitoring oil spill occurrence and impact on vegetated terrestrial environments in the Niger Delta and elsewhere where environmental accessibility is a challenge.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"39 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Stream Flow of Hidkal Dam Catchment Area in Krishna Basin of India Using SIMHYD Model","authors":"I. B. Rao, M. Nemichandrappa, K. V. Rao, B. S. Polisgowdar, G. V. S. Reddy, A. G. Sreenivas, M. Y. Ajayakumar","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i2747","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to predict the stream flow from a catchment area of Hidkal dam situated in Krishna basin of India. The SimHYD model was selected to setup the stream flow model under limited data conditions. Daily rainfall, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and observed discharges were used as input data to setup the model.  Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the more sensitive parameter and fixed final parameter values. A genetic algorithm was used for calibration and validation of the model with object function of Nash -Sutcliffe Equation (NSE). The performance of model during calibration and validation with monthly stream flow (m3/s) was found to be very good in terms of NSE, R2. The NSE and correlation coefficient were found to be 0.77 and 0.93 during calibration period and 0.90 and 0.95 during validation period respectively. The was a very good agreement between monthly observed and simulated stream flows of catchment area of Hidkal Dam. The NSE value of model during calibration period with daily runoff was found to be satisfactory at 0.51. It was observed that good agreement between observed and simulated daily runoff (in mm) with a correlation coefficient is 0.74. NSE and correlation coefficient during validation period using daily data are found to be 0.80 and 0.9 respectively. This study concluded that the SimHYD model can be used for assessment of stream flow with limited data.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}