Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Terrain Analysis from Digital Elevation Models Using 2-D Kalman Filtering Technique","authors":"Hart, Lawrence, Marcus, Hilda Celestine","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7788","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional spatial information, particularly elevation, is crucial for understanding terrain characteristics essential for meaningful development, often expressed as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). To achieve reliable and accurate DEM values for terrain analysis, modeling uncertainties is necessary. The primary objective of this study is to determine improved terrain variables from the Digital Elevation Model of the study area. The recursive 2-D Kalman filtering technique was applied four times at different orientations to 121 elevation values extracted from a 30-meter resolution ALOS DEM of the study area using QGIS Desktop 3.22.7 software of an area covering approximately 10.80 Hectares using QGIS, the process involved 144 iterations. MATLAB was used for the computations. The terrain variables (elevation, first partial derivatives along the X and Y axes) of the central point of the DEM were obtained as a linear combination of the four filtering results. The final estimated values for the central point were 26.5589m for elevation, 0.0002m and 0.0011m for partial derivatives along the X and Y directions, with standard errors of ±0.0001m, ±0.0005m, and ±0.0007m, respectively. A 3-D plot of the terrain surface of the study area using Surfer10 software showed that the recursive 2-D Kalman filtering significantly improved the quality of the terrain surface when applied over the DEM. Therefore, the adopted recursive 2-D Kalman filter is well-suited for terrain surface modeling using grid DEMs. Its use is encouraged for determining improved values of terrain topographic variables, leading to more accurate terrain interpretation. In addition, when compared with ground survey data confirmed the technique's efficiency in reducing DEM noise. These results are promising as they are necessary information for flood route modelling, land use allocation and enhance functionality of the urban space domain of the study area. ","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"33 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Trace Elements in Groundwater of Municipal Area at Kushtia and Jhenaidah District of Bangladesh","authors":"Tanjina Nasrin Eva, Kamrun Nahar, Md. Durul Hoda, Md. Mazedul Haque Sachchu, Sabrina Afrin, Miss Nushrat Jahan Lima, Md. Touhid Hasan Shuvo, Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7787","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater samples from the municipal residential areas of the Pearatola, Kushtia (23.897975° N and 89.123735° E) and the DPHE, Jhenaidah (23.544454° N and 89.164694° E) districts were analyzed for trace elements determination of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) evaluating the health effect of these trace elements is the prime object of this investigation. Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn in groundwater water were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) on direct flame methods. The examined concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn are respectively 0.740 mg/L, 0.370 mg/L, 0.040 mg/L, 0.0040 mg/L and 0.0570 mg/L (ppm) which were present in the groundwater sample of Kushtia. The absolute concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and Zn are respectively 0.490 mg/L, 0.220 mg/L, 0.030 mg/L, 0.0030 mg/L and 0.0310 mg/L (ppm) which were present in the groundwater sample of Jhenaidah.  Fe contamination of examined areas samples in 0.740 ppm and 0.490 ppm of cases exceeded the WHO criteria and 0.30 ppm exceeded BD standards which is a very scary risk factor for human health. The investigated data should be useful and helpful for general public awareness intake of groundwater.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Solutions of Solid Waste Disposal Systems in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon","authors":"Yenlajai JaneFrances Banseka","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6780","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid urbanisation occurring recently in Fako, there is need for renewed evidence on the functionality of solid waste disposal systems. This paper therefore seeks to investigate the effects of waste disposal systems and facilities in Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon. Data from secondary sources was collected from HYSACAM (waste management company), Ombe Industrial Zone and Hospitals. This was complemented by 352 questionnaires administered in the four towns of Buea, Mutengene, Tiko and Limbe. Data analysis was achieved with the help of conventional graphical plots and statistical techniques by using Microsoft Excel 2016 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 to compute and produce statistical tables, correlation analysis and bar graphs. Results revealed that most of these wastes are disposed of in open dumpsites and directly into waterbodies (rivers and streams) and the least along the roadsides, littered around residential areas and in farmlands. Industrial wastes are channelled directly into the sea, waste from hospitals is incinerated and most of the waste in Limbe and Buea is disposed of in unsanitary landfills which are managed by the HYSACAM Company. This study recommends a framework for waste handling to minimize environmental and health hazards. It also recommends the sensitization of the population on the hazards associated with improper waste management and their involvement and participation in the waste management process. An appropriate solution for waste disposal is a landfill where waste is unloaded, spread into thin layers, compacted and covered with inert material.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall Distribution in the Brazilian Amazon: Application of the Variogram Function to Time Series","authors":"Darwich, A.J., Aprile, F., Siqueira, G.W.","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6779","url":null,"abstract":"The Amazon area is vast and diversified, with several climatic zones that influence directly in the associated ecosystems. This research analyzed the annual (hydrological year) and seasonal (drought and wet) climatological patterns of the Brazilian Amazon (North Region) between 1991–2022. The incomplete Gamma distribution model, kriging and cokriging interpolation tests, estimates of mean precipitation by the isohyet method, and of precipitated volume by the contour method were applied to numerical data. Data normalization techniques and image interpolation also contributed to identify precipitation patterns and trends in the northern region of Brazil. The method of hierarchical grouping by minimum variance was used, aided by the construction of frequency histograms and tests of significance. The results indicated a strong seasonality of rainfall. The highest precipitation rates occurred in the N-NW axis and the lowest in the south equatorial zone. The active atmospheric systems played an important role in the distribution of rainfall, both annual and seasonal. Four distinct climatic zones were established: southern, central, northwestern and northeastern. Based on the frequency of rainfall determined at levels of 10 to 90% probability, the results suggested a trend in the number of days with precipitation between 25 and 50% in most of the southern and central zones and an increase in precipitation from 50 to 75 % in the northern region. The ordinary kriging test and the spherical semivariogram model showed the best results for data interpolation, with better responses to the behavior of climatic variables and solutions for the spatial-temporal discontinuity of historical series. The results indicated a tendency towards the presence of isotropic climatic phenomena, especially in the wind distribution model. The results showed that they could support the understanding of the distribution of rainfall in the Amazon region.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Parameters of Impacted Population and Gully Social Impact Factor to Prioritize Choice of Gully Erosion Intervention Programs in Resource Limited Settings: Lessons from World Bank Funded Intervention in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Obiano Ec, Onuchukwu Ee, Azuchukwuene Gc, Ojeh Vn, Mbaneme Fc, Nwogbo Dc, Okorie Pc, Edochie Je","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6778","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Following a presidential request for assistance in the gully erosion menacing many States in Nigeria, the World Bank intervened through the Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Program (NEWMAP) in 23 States including Anambra, from 2014 - 2022. This study examined NEWMAP’s intervention in order to learn crucial lessons to improve subsequent gully remediation interventions in Anambra State. \u0000Methods: A 7-man multidisciplinary focus group was constituted to study NEWMAP’s intervention in Anambra State, determine the most striking innovation in the intervention, and explore that innovation further. Data extraction, content analysis comparative analysis, rational decision framework and the deductive model were applied to make findings and draw conclusion. \u0000Results: The study found that: (i) the most striking innovation in NEWMAP’s intervention in Anambra State is the introduction of elaborate and comprehensive package of rehabilitation of impacted population. (ii). 13 major gully erosion sites were remedied totaling 32 544.87 meters long and directly impacting a population of 163 209 persons (iii). As at June 2021, 150 000 impacted population had benefitted from micro-credit grants to engage in alternative livelihood businesses that contributed in revamping the State’s economy. (iv). The 13 gully sites remedied had a wide range of gully social impact factor, the highest three values being 101 440; 67 587.5 and 41 778; while the lowest three values are 1 204; 1 694.7 and 3 186. \u0000Conclusion: The study concludes that elaborate and comprehensive package of rehabilitation of gully impacted population is an innovation in Anambra State introduced by NEWMAP; that gully impacted population is a good measure of vulnerability; and that the parameters of impacted population and gully social impact factor are sensitive, reliable and effective parameters to prioritize choice of gully intervention programs in resource-limited settings.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"70 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Analysis of Waghora Micro Watershed of Jam River Basin Using ALOS-PALSAR DEM","authors":"Yagani Sinha, K.K. Sahu, R. Srivastava, M. Nagaraju, S.S. Porte, R.R. Saxena","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6776","url":null,"abstract":"Intergrating Remote sensing and Geographic Information System(GIS) Proves useful for Evaluating and understanding morphometric parameters, especially Watershed Management of - Soil and Water Conservation at microlevel for sustainable Natural Resource management. The Linear , Areal and Relief characteristics of the basins Drainage can be analytsed Morphometrically. In this investigation, geospatial techniques were employed to assess the hydrological features of the Waghora Micro watershed within the Jam River basin, covering an area of 13.03 km². Utilizing the ALOS-PALSAR RTC DEM -12.5 m resolution, the basin and drainage network were delineated using ArcGIS software. The analysis revealed a dendritic drainage pattern within the Waghora micro-watershed, with drainage streams delineated up to the fourth order. The ratio of bifurcation (Rb) can be ranged within ~ 3 - 4.66, with an mean average of 3.76, showcases Geologic Structures are undistorted and the drainage system sorted by moderate peaks and lower orer streams. Additional morphometric parameters were assessed, using Form-factor(Rf), Circulatory-Ratio(Rc), and finally Elongation-Ratio(Re) values of 0.32, 0.68, and 0.62 respectively. This is a clear indication of Micro watershed being moderately Elongated with time. The Estimated Relief, Relief Ratio(Rr), relative Relief (RR) and Ruggedness Ratio Number were determined to be 75 m, 1.2, 0.97, respectively, indicating a moderate erosion potential. Overall, the study underscores the necessity for implementing – Soil and Water Conservation measures to be taken within the watershed. These findings hold significant implications for various stakeholders, including managers and decision-makers involved in Management of Watersheds and Conservation of the Natural resources using sustainable initiatives.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Drought Stress on Morpho Phenological and Yield Parameters in Sorghum Genotypes","authors":"Navyashree R, Mummigatti U V, Nethra P, Basavaraj B, H. N G","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6775","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is a major challenge for sorghum production, particularly during the reproductive stage. This study investigated the effects of drought stress on sorghum genotypes, focusing on their morpho-phenological characteristics and yield parameters. A field experiment was conducted over two rabi seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) at the University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, India. Twenty sorghum genotypes were evaluated under both irrigated and rainfed conditions using a split-plot design with two replications. Water stress reduced sorghum plant height, with a mean height of 190.41 cm under irrigated conditions and 176.50 cm under rainfed conditions at 90 days after sowing. Water stress advanced the physiological maturity by 10 days compared to irrigated condition. Yield parameters revealed significant differences, the mean grain yield was 70.23 g/plant for irrigated conditions and 54.54 g/plant for rainfed conditions. Water stress also had an impact on harvest index, with irrigated conditions having a mean harvest index of 30.91% and rainfed conditions having a mean harvest index of 28.13%. Genotypes by overall performance Phule Anuradha, BJV 44, and M-35-1 tolerated water stress, by minimizing yield reduction by drought.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Seismic and Well Log Data for Reservoir Characterization in Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"I. A. Akinlabi, Ayomide Oluwaseun Abiodun","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i6774","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for fossil fuels is continually increasing due to the growing global population and industrialization. It is thus necessary to find hydrocarbon prospects in new fields and those that have previously been classified as marginal fields in order to maximize production. An integrated approach is required to effectively characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs and assess their ability to store and produce hydrocarbons. 3D seismic reflection data and well log data were combined to quantitatively estimate hydrocarbon reserves in a field, offshore Niger delta, Nigeria. The reservoirs were delineated on the gamma ray and resistivity logs which penetrate four wells selected from the field. The petrophysical analysis provided information about the net-to-gross thickness ratio, porosity, shale volume and water saturation of the reservoirs, deduced from well log suites comprising gamma, resistivity, density and neutron-porosity logs through four wells. The seismic interpretation involved mapping of horizons and faults across the wells on the seismic section. Check shot data were used to tie the seismic data to the well log data to generate the synthetic seismogram. The time structural and depth structural maps were generated. The volumetric analysis entailed derivation of the Gross rock volume from the depth structural map, and estimation of the Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP). Four reservoirs were delineated in each of the four wells. The average thickness of the reservoirs ranges from 56.6 m to 232.7 m while the water saturation varies from 0.29% to 0.57%. The average porosities of the reservoirs ranges from 0.18% to 0.22%. The structural interpretation of the eight faults mapped reveals synthetic and antithetic faults, and rollover anticlines. The time- and depth structural maps generated from the mapped horizons show that the reservoirs are penetrated by the different faults. The Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP) of the reservoirs range from 25 MMstb to 468 MMstb. The study shows that the integration of 3D reflection data and well log data can be used effectively to estimate hydrocarbon reserves. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the development of new exploration and production strategies in the Niger delta basin and similar sedimentary environments.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Anthropogenic Impacts on Stubb’s Creek Forest Reserve, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach","authors":"Nsikak E. Umoren, G. Obute, K. Ukaegbu","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i5770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i5770","url":null,"abstract":"Land use-land cover (LULC) changes, particularly in tropical regions like the Niger Delta of Nigeria, are critical drivers of global environmental shifts. This study focuses on the spatial assessment of forest depletion in the Stubb’s Creek Forest Reserve (SCFR) in Akwa Ibom State, amidst rapid infrastructural and industrial developments. The data used includes Landsat 5 of 30m TM, Landsat 7 of 30m TM, and Landsat 8 of 30m ETM for 1986, 2003, and 2018 respectively. Using remote sensing and GIS techniques, the research analyzes LULC dynamics between 1986 and 2018 and projects future trends to 2028. Results reveal a significant depletion of forest covers, particularly the Dense Forest, due to anthropogenic activities like oil and gas exploration and infrastructure development. Over the study period, the Dense Forest cover decreased from 12,296 hectares (41.9% of the total area) in 1986 to 9,149 hectares (31.2%) in 2018. Conversely, built-up areas increased from 1,385 hectares (4.7%) to 3,358 hectares (11.4%) during the same period. The study forecasts a continued decline in forest cover, with a projected Dense Forest cover of 7,474 hectares (25.45%) in 2028. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable land management policies to mitigate biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. Remote sensing and GIS tools prove instrumental in monitoring and understanding LULC changes, offering valuable insights for informed decision-making in environmental conservation and land use planning.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"99 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of Water and Soil Quality Parameters in the Gampaha-Ihalagama East and Eldeniya East Grama Niladhari Divisions, Sri Lanka","authors":"P.E.P.S. Deraniyagala, H.M.D.S.D. Heenkenda, R.C.L. De Silva","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i5771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i5771","url":null,"abstract":"Water and soil are important natural resources, and the study of their distribution is of great interest. The Grama Niladhari Divisions, Ihalagama-East and Eldeniya-East, located in the Gampaha district, are selected as the study areas, and this is done as a pilot study. Different water and soil quality parameters are investigated followed by the construction of contour maps. As water quality parameters, pH, conductivity, phosphate content, nitrate content, and Ca2+ hardness were determined, and as soil quality parameters, pH, nitrate, organic matter, water-soluble Na+ and K+, extractable Na+ and K+, and water-soluble Ca2+ ion contents were determined. The pH of water samples lies within the range of 4.41 - 7.11 and 3.79 – 7.18 in the Ihalagama-East and Eldeniya East divisions, respectively. Almost all the samples have acidic pH values, with some falling below the lower limit of the WHO guidelines for safe drinking water (6.5 - 8.5). Conductivity values vary from 52.0 - 277.0 µS/cm and between 54.0 – 403.0 µS/cm, respectively, which is below the WHO permissible level of 1500 µS/cm. The phosphate content varies from 1.374 - 3.986 mg/L in Ihalagama-East and water-soluble phosphate was not detected in Eldeniya-East, indicating a very low range and suggesting that the water samples are less contaminated with phosphate-containing substances. Considerably high values in the range of 1.24 - 279.00 mg/L for Ihalagama-east and 59.5 mg/L - 168.0 mg/L for Eldeniya-East, are obtained for the nitrate content where most of them are beyond the safe level of drinking water, 50 mg/L. The soil pH in all the samples falls within the acidic range, varying from 2.99 - 6.73 in Ihalagama-East and 3.07 – 6.68 in Eldeniya-East.  Most of the soil samples contain high nitrate contents, indicating significant contamination. The percentage soil organic matter content varies between 0.60% and 13.27% in both areas. Many fertile agricultural soils typically have an organic matter content ranging from 3% - 6% revealing that most of the samples are beyond the standard levels. The distribution of water-soluble and extractable cations does not exhibit a wide range. According to the findings, though two Grama Niladhari Divisions are selected, they also display a huge variation. This reveals the importance of mapping to address contaminations, effects of natural disasters which lead to changes in the studied water and soil quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"88 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}