Journal of Gems & Gemmology最新文献

{"title":"Research on Traceability System Construction of Turquoise from Zhushan, Hubei Province, Based on Blockchain","authors":"Xiao Huan, Yang Ming-xing","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Industry of turquoise from Zhushan, as the pillar industry of Zhushan County, Hubei Province, China, has successfully applied for the national geographic indication product in 2010. The geographical indication brand plays an important role in increasing farmers' income, promoting industrial upgrading, and regional coordinated development. Due to the lack of reliable traceability system, the economic, cultural and the other values of the geographical indication brand of turquoise from Zhushan cannot be effectively utilized. Moreover, the traditional traceability system has the disadvantages of difficult data collection, insecure data storage, and easy tampering. Therefore, based on the characteristics of blockchain decentralization and data tamper-proof, to establish \"Turquoise from Zhushan\" geographical indication product management system, and bring the important nodes in the supply chain into the system for management, the tracing system of turquoise from Zhushan geographical indication products is constructed. It can realize the entire supply chain record of turquoise from Zhushan from the mining area to sales and enhance the information security and transparency. Regulatory authorities, mining companies, turquoise processing enterprises, consumers and other user groups can obtain the required information from the system. Ensure that the source of turquoise from Zhushan with the certificate of \"geographical indication products\" is reliable.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"6 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87996298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification Characteristic of Turquoise Associated Mineral Crandallite-Goyazite","authors":"Fan Guizhen, Y. Fang, Luo Yue-ping, Chen Jingjing, Men Lijuan, Ren Huicong","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a kind of turquoise associated mineral has appeared on the market, which is very similar to turquoise in appearance. The authors studied a relevant sample by means of conventional gemmological tests and the other methods including thin-section observation, electron probe analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible analysis, etc.The results showed that the main mineral component of the sample is crandallite and goyazite, as well as a certain amount of turquoise, etc. The main colour of the sample is blue, partially bluish green, and the blue colour is uneven, mainly enriched as dots or lumps. It has cryptocrystalline texture with the density of 2.52 g/cm3, and its refractive index is about 1.62 (point measurement). The infrared spectra of crandallite-goyazite show the main absorption peaks at 3 585, 3 420, 3 140, 1 320, 1 116, 1 039 cm-1 and 604 cm-1, and the Raman spectra of crandallite-goyazite show the main peaks at 1 104, 1 034, 987, 612, 518, 257 cm-1 and 185 cm-1, which are different from those of turquoise. Since it is difficult to identify this kind of turquoise associated mineral, conventional gemmological tests, Fourier infrared spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, X-ray powder diffraction analysis and electron probe analysis should be ultilized comprehensively.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"48 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86566658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gemmological Characteristic of Dyed Agate Similar to Turquoise","authors":"L. Jie, Wang Xiaoyue, Yue Suwei, Wang Peilian, Zou Xunzhong, L. Zhensheng","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a kind of emerald green gemstone named \"Turquoise agate\" appeared in the market which is similar to the high-quality turquoise. In this paper, the gemmological characteristics, mineral components, spectral characteristics and colour genesis of the green agate were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that the green colour is unevenly distributed on the surface of the sample which was caused by the dye diffusion from the outside to the inside. X-ray fluorescence spectra revealed that the main chemical composition of the sample is Si, with a small amount of Al, Mg, Na and trace elements such as Mn, Fe, Cr. There is a higher concentration of Cr in the green part of the sample. Characteristic peaks of the sample in FTIR were matched with the quartz. Meanwhile, the absorption bands caused by organic matter were observed. Raman spectra of the samples showed the characteristic peaks of alpha quartz and oblique silica. UV-Vis spectra showed that the green agate sample has the characteristic absorption band of Cr6+ near 267 nm and other bands caused by the d-d transition of Cr3+ ion in the octahedral field. In conclusion, the sample is not a natural agate as claimed by the merchants, but an enhanced gemstone. Its green colour is caused by dyeing with Cr-containing stain. According to the GB/T 16552-2017, it should be named as agate.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"54 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86649390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Hairpin Pattern in Ming Dynasty in Modern Wedding Jewelry Design","authors":"Deng Lili, Liu Xiaodan","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"Application of hairpin's auspicious patterns in Ming Dynasty in modern wedding jewelry design can not only enrich the form of modern jewelry but also can integrate Chinese cultural implication, achieving the goal of making the traditional auspicious patterns and modern aesthetics into an integration.The hairpin patterns in Ming Dynasty were taken as the research objects. And the method of case study was used to extract the pattern types, implicating harmonious marriage and to reconstruct the basic elements, making the re-designed pattern meet the form of modern wedding jewelry as well as the aesthetic requirement of modern people. There contains a lot of design elements in hairpin patterns in Ming Dynasty, which related to the wedding culture. The pattern themes featured implication such as harmony of husband and wife, prayer for children, which provide an inspiration to design modern wedding jewelry. Since the hairpin patterns in Ming Dynasty mainly present in a concrete way, we should follow the design principle of simplicity and personality when targeting its application in the modern wedding jewelry design.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"504 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89260005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration and Application of Double Track Teaching Mode of Jade Carving Course in Independent College: Taking Jade Carving Course of Guangzhou College of South China University of Technology as an Example","authors":"Liang Wensi, L. Wenjun","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the actual situation of jade carving course in Guangzhou College of South China University of Technology, through the comparison between the two track teaching mode and the traditional jade carving classroom teaching mode in China, this paper explores how the master studio and the university classroom can jointly cultivate the creative application ability of jade carving design talents. From the practice of curriculum teaching, we can conclude three construction stages of the two track teaching mode: 1.Early stage: With the help of master studios, we can cultivate students' jade carving skill and help the construction of jade carving laboratory; 2. Middle stage: Master studios and full-time teachers of the college jointly teach the jade carving design course; 3.Later stage: Multi course intersection to improve the overall teaching quality.Through the three-stage curriculum construction, the students' practical ability and expressive ability of the combination of skill and art, and teachers' jade carving creation level and teaching skill could be strengthened, and the construction of jade carving laboratory scould be improved. Finally, the orderly and healthy development of the jade carving technology creation course will earnestly be promoted.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"30 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76558536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gemmological and Chemical Characteristics of Spessartine from Zambia","authors":"Zhang Haikun, Liu Cuihong, Song Qiurong, A. Shen","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The Lundazi region of Zambia is a relatively new source of spessartine. In this paper, a batch of orange-yellow garnet samples from this area were systematically studied in terms of chemical compositions and gemmological and spectral characteristics. Meaningful gemmological data were extracted, which enriched the information of origin tracing. Through conventional gemmological tests and chemical composition tests, it was determined that the orange-yellow garnet from Zambia is spessartine with a terminal component content of up to 92 mol.%. The test results of Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy showed that the three characteristic Raman peaks of spessartine are located near 907, 551 cm-1 and 349 cm-1. The characteristic infrared bands are near 976, 891, 865, 629, 571, 522 cm-1. By analyzing the attribution of UV-Vis absorption spectrum peaks of the spessartine samples from Zambia, the orange-yellow colour of the spessartine is caused by Mn2+ and Fe2+, and the corresponding absorption peaks are at 409, 421, 430, 460, 482 nm and 504, 525, 570 nm.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"605 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77457224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and Gemmological Characteristics of \"Sakura Agate\"","authors":"WU Kunyan, Z. Quan, Zhang Longbo, Z. Qian","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"\"Sakura agate\" is a relatively new kind of agate in the domestic market. It has the characteristic \"sakura-shape\" inclusions and its common colour is colourless-pink series. The gemmological characteristics, mineral components, structure and the formation of different colours of \"Sakura agate\" were studied by hand specimens observation, polarizing microscoic observation, conventional gemmological tests, infrared spectrometer, micro-Raman spectrometer, electron probe, micro-area X-ray fluorescence analysis and EDS. The results showed that the main mineral components of the substrate and inclusions of \"Sakura agate\" are α-quartz while a small amount of moganite can be found in substrate. The substrate is cryptocrystalline quartz, while the inclusion is consist of crystalline quartz. The colour difference of \"Sakura agate\" is due to the different types and contents of trace elements. The pink-orange substrate is mainly caused by Mn and Fe elements, while the rare green inclusions are mainly caused by Fe elements. There are some gypsum and barite grains in inclusions, indicating that when the inclusions are formed, the ore-forming fluid is rich in barium (biological barium) and calcium, and there might be sulfate-containing pore water mixed in, resulting in the unstable mineralization conditions.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"82 1","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83918445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion on Several Problems of Metallogenic Geological Condition and Genesis of Shoushan Stone","authors":"Liao Yujuan, C. Runsheng, Yang Zhong, Lin Min, Wang Yongfu, Z. Feng","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Shoushan stone is one of the four traditional stamp stones in China. The study for Shoushan stone has a long history, but mostly focuses on the classification and mineralogical and gemmological research for major varieties. And the study for metallogenic geological condition and genesis of Shoushan stone is relatively weak. The main problems of geological conditions and genesis of Shoushan stone are discussed in this paper. It considers that the acidic pyroclastic rocks of the second member of Xiaoxi formation in Shoushan Early Cretaceous volcanic eruption basin are the material basis of ore-forming. And it is proposed that the ore-forming and ore-controlling model is the NE-trending structure controling basin (Shoushan basin), NW-trending fault controling rock (volcanic rocks and volcanism), volcanic mechanism controling ore (deposit) and volcanic fault controling body. Secondary quartzite type altered mineral facies and mineral assemblage zoning in Shoushan orefield are discussed and established, which can be divided into five altered mineral facies and six mineral assemblage zoning. The discussions will promote the exploration, potential evaluation and prospecting prediction of Shoushan stone deposit, and even the interpretation of difficult problems in mineralogy.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90354510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Chinese Pavilion and Terrace Element in Jewelry Design","authors":"Jiajia Zhang, Wenxiu Yu, Ke Xu","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2020.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2020.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"China has a long history and rich ethnic cultural resources. Its extensive and profound ancient architectural culture provides excellent and classic resources for art design, especially jewelry design. Today, jewelry has gradually become a new carrier for the spread of thoughts and the expression of personality. Pavilion is an important part of ancient Chinese architecture. The innovative form of jewelry design is used to analyze the application of pavilion elements in jewelry design, forming a modern design with national characteristics and fashion integration, expressing the designer's inner emotions and making the audiences feel the inheritance and expression of Chinese architectural elements, especially Chinese pavilion elements in jewelry design. In this paper, through the research of Chinese pavilion architecture, combining with the existing research results and related jewelry design, the pavilion architecture elements and three pavilion architecture components are selected, and the application of these elements and components in jewelry design is summarized and innovatively designed. The design is based on their quaint and natural characteristics, which not only appreciates the modern and traditional, domestic and foreign artistic features, but also shows the tension of contemporary jewelry.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88077957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ancient Jade Mine Discovered in Dunhuang Hanxia of Northern Gansu Province: A Potential Important Source of Jade Material in Early Stage of China","authors":"Zhili Qiu, Yue Zhang, Jiong Yang, Hui Wang, Guoke Chen, Yinde Li, Shizhen Zong, Zhiyong Guo, Yishi Yang, X. Gu, Xueying Ye","doi":"10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2020.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15964/J.CNKI.027JGG.2020.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of ancient jade mining sites is of great value for the confirmation of the origin of jade artifacts unearthed from archaeological sites. Dunhuang Hanxia ancient jade mining site is located in the southeast of Dunhuang city, and was discovered by the research team of Gansu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the School of Earth Science and Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University jointly under the guidance of local amateur in September 2015. In the same year, 145 remains related to various types of mining on the ground were identified in Hanxia. The formal research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China on Dunhuang ancient jade mine and jade material transmission have been carried out since 2016. The site was officially excavated by the Gansu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in 2019. According to the dating of carbon isotope and cultural types of pottery, the earliest mining age of the site is confirmed to be 4 000 years ago. Based on the research with the scattered jade materials near the mine and the excavation jade materials, the main jade material of Hanxia jade mining sites in Dunhuang is nephrite, which can be divided into primary jade and Gobi material by their occurrence, and can be further grouped into white jade, green-white / yellow-white jade and other types by colour. According to the relationship between the occurrence of the mineralization and magmatic rocks, we confirm that the ancient jade deposits belong to the genesis of contact metasomatism. The jade materials can also be split into two types, i.e. metasomatic replacement jade material(R- type)and hydrothermal precipitation material(P-type). Initial evidence shows that in the late Neolithic period, the jade materials from the ancient jade mining (sites) in Northern Gansu Province entered the Central Plains of China and indicates that Mazongshan and Dunhuang Hanxia ancient jade deposits in Northern Gansu Province are potential important sources of jade materials in early stage of China.","PeriodicalId":15852,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gems & Gemmology","volume":"28 1 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90589008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}