American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage最新文献

The Suffix -ster in Present-day English: A Usage-based and Network Model Account 当今英语中的后缀 -ster：基于用法和网络模型的解释

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466482

K. A. Smith, Zachary Dukic

{"title":"The Suffix -ster in Present-day English: A Usage-based and Network Model Account","authors":"K. A. Smith, Zachary Dukic","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11466482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11466482","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we provide an analysis of the present-day distribution of the -ster suffix in English and account for that distribution through the diachronic forces that shaped it. Taking a constructional approach (Bybee 2010), we show that words with the -ster suffix in Middle English constituted a semantically coherent set in so far as the items in that set mostly referred to professions. In the latter part of the first half of the Modern English period, we find a renaissance of -ster usage, albeit with a semantic shift toward the identification of a human agent (usually male) involved in activities that were subversive, illicit or even criminal, e.g. gangster. We sketch out a model in which certain of the constructions stand as central members, or exemplars, which then serve as analogical bases to which other constructions with -ster are extended. We argue that the cumulative effect of the central exemplars of this set strengthens the representation of -ster as formally independent and imbues it with the emergent meaning of subversion, illicitness, or criminality. The result of these diachronic process is a very healthy productivity of -ster in later modern English and a distribution across several domains.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multidimensional Identity as Bricolage: Indexing Race and Place in Bakersfield, California 多维身份的混杂：加州贝克斯菲尔德的种族与地域索引

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466578

Sharese King, J. Calder

{"title":"Multidimensional Identity as Bricolage: Indexing Race and Place in Bakersfield, California","authors":"Sharese King, J. Calder","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11466578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11466578","url":null,"abstract":"While traditional variationist research has been critiqued for positioning ethnic and regional variation in terms of separate “lects,” recent work has adopted a more nuanced view in which racialized subjects can combine individual linguistic resources to index multiple identities. Expanding upon this perspective, this paper explores how 12 African Americans in Bakersfield, California, combine elements of a local variety— California Vowel Shift (CVS)— and elements of a racialized variety— African American Language (AAL) via their realization of BOOT-fronting, BAT-backing, and the BOT-BOUGHT merger. While African Americans front BOOT and increasingly back BAT over time— as predicted by the CVS— they maintain a BOT-BOUGHT distinction— a pattern in line with descriptions of AAL. These patterns, which do not mirror either CVS or AAL in a wholesale way, align with the aforementioned perspective describing the linguistic practices of racialized individuals as a fluid linguistic repertoire, in which individual variables can be leveraged to articulate identity in complex ways. Relatedly, conversations in gender and linguistics have used bricolage as a theoretical framework to describe a similar phenomenon. Bridging these disciplinary conversations, it is argued that through stylistic bricolage, speakers draw from a fluid linguistic repertoire to articulate their identities as multidimensional.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DARE, Literature, and Enregistered American Identities DARE、文学和注册美国身份

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-9116240

Michael Adams

引用次数: 0

The origins of pretend like: A syntactic-semantic puzzle in American English and beyond 假装喜欢的起源：美国英语及其他语言中的句法语义之谜

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466530

Marisa Brook

{"title":"The origins of pretend like: A syntactic-semantic puzzle in American English and beyond","authors":"Marisa Brook","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11466530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11466530","url":null,"abstract":"Like can be a finite complementizer in present-day varieties of English after a few verbs of perception, apparentness, and/or behavior. Normally, like in this function is an innovation that has replaced the earlier variants as if and as though. Pretend like CP appears to be an exception: it is not clear that a precedent exists in the form of pretend as if or pretend as though. To investigate, this study employs the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) (Davies 2010–), extracting more than 5,000 examples of pretend with CPs between 1900 and 2019. The results offer tentative support for increase in pretend like in recent decades, despite verification that pretend as if and pretend as though were never well-attested. The puzzle of a like complementizer coming to compete with that and Ø complementizers in the absence of as if and as though – which does not happen across other English verbs – is interpreted as analogy on the basis of semantically overlapping verbs of behavior: behave like CP, act like CP, and make (out) like CP. This case study thus illuminates the conditions under which an incoming variant of a morphosyntactic variable can spread to new lexical or grammatical contexts.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algae, Fungi, Binomial Nomenclature and the Search for “Correct” Pronunciations 藻类、真菌、双名法和对 "正确 "发音的探索

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466566

Dale F. Coye

引用次数: 0

Production of pre-velar /æ/-raising in Colorado and Ontario 科罗拉多州和安大略省的前velar/æ/-raising生产

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466458

Lisa Sullivan

{"title":"Production of pre-velar /æ/-raising in Colorado and Ontario","authors":"Lisa Sullivan","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11466458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11466458","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-velar /æ/-raising (BAG-raising) is a process in which some speakers of North American English raise /æ/ before /g/, but not /k/. Self-report data suggests that this process occurs in Canada and regions of the US close to the Canadian border (Stanley 2022). Acoustic data seems to support this finding, with evidence f or BAG-raising across Canada (e.g. Boberg 2006), and in the Pacific Northwest (e.g. Freeman 2021), the Upper Midwest (e.g. Koffi 2013) and California (e.g. Esposito & Lake 2021) in the US. However, this evidence is somewhat limited, particularly as there is no documentation of BAG-raising (or lack thereof) in regions where it is not expected to occur. The current study adds to our knowledge about the distribution of the production of BAG-raising by acoustically documenting its production in Colorado, where it is not expected to occur and has not been previously studied, and Ontario, where it is expected to occur and has been studied, but not specifically targeted (Boberg 2008; Sullivan 2020a). The results indicate that Ontarians BAG-raise while Coloradans do so little, if at all. Furthermore, there is a fair amount of variation in BAG-raising across participants which cannot be accounted for by region alone.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"83 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It drives me mad seeing people answer questions with so: Overt and covert attitudes toward so-prefacing answers 看到人们用 "如此 "来回答问题，我简直要疯了：对 "如此 "回答的明里暗里的态度

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466554

Syelle Graves

{"title":"It drives me mad seeing people answer questions with so: Overt and covert attitudes toward so-prefacing answers","authors":"Syelle Graves","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11466554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11466554","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates attitudes toward prefacing the answer to a question from an interlocutor with the discourse marker so, which has been tentatively found to be on the rise since the 1990s. Functions of this form, informally referred to as “backstory so,” include marking added background or length that is unexpected by the questioner. This paper presents (i) evidence in the popular media that it is perceived as new and overtly associated with negative attributes (annoying, condescending) and differing stereotypes (scientific experts, Valley Girls); and (ii) findings of a matched guise that investigated whether those associations remain indexed by so-prefacing answers when attitudes are elicited implicitly. Statistically significant results of t-tests and a principal component analysis suggest that so-prefacing answers was perceived more negatively than a control discourse marker, well, in both a female and male voice, on a status axis (e.g., less Educated and Intelligent), as expected. On a solidarity axis, the male so guise also earned poorer evaluations than the control but the female so guise was not evaluated quite as negatively, which had not been reflected in the overt attitudes. The so guises were also more linked to Valley Girl and Tech Bro speech.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The realization of /t/ and /ən/ in words like ‘button’: A change in progress on Long Island 实现/t/和/ən/在单词如 "按钮"：长岛正在发生的变化

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11109413

Chiara Repetti-Ludlow

{"title":"The realization of /t/ and /ən/ in words like ‘button’: A change in progress on Long Island","authors":"Chiara Repetti-Ludlow","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11109413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11109413","url":null,"abstract":"In American English, the pronunciation of words like ‘button,’ with the underlying post-tonic string /tən/, is variable. Previous research has found that although the traditional pronunciation of these words is with [ʔn̩ ], as in [bʌʔn̩ ], this is not the only possible pronunciation. Recent studies have shown that /ən/ is realized as [ən] in certain speech communities, resulting in pronunciations like [bʌʔən]. Furthermore, there have been anecdotal reports that /t/ can be realized as [ɾ], resulting in pronunciations like [bʌɾən]. This article examines whether there is indeed a change underway in /ən/ and /t/ realizations, how these phonemes are interrelated, and what factors and populations are conditioning this change. To address these issues, a production experiment was carried out with participants from Long Island, NY. Results suggest that there is an early-stage change underway, such that younger speakers are more likely to realize /tən/ words with [ən] than [n̩ ]. Realization of /ən/ as [ən] is also significantly correlated with /t/ being realized as [ɾ] and a faster speech rate. There is not yet evidence for a change in progress for /t/ realizations, but [ɾ] productions are significantly correlated with the realization of /ən/ as [ən].","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

This construction needs understood: An experimental study of the Alternative Embedded Passive (AEP) 这种结构需要理解：替代性嵌入式被动系统（AEP）的实验研究

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11466542

Frances Blanchette, Stanley Dubinsky, Amanda Harman, Rok Sim

{"title":"This construction needs understood: An experimental study of the Alternative Embedded Passive (AEP)","authors":"Frances Blanchette, Stanley Dubinsky, Amanda Harman, Rok Sim","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11466542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11466542","url":null,"abstract":"The Alternative Embedded Passive (AEP) occurs in the Midland region in variation with the infinitival passive. AEPs may occur with the verbs need, want, and like: The baby needs/wants/likes fed. Murray & Simon (2002) observe a hierarchy of acceptability and usage across the three AEP verbs, with need as the most acceptable and like as the least. Building on an idea in Edelstein (2014), this paper presents evidence that the hierarchy results from lexical semantic properties of need, want, and like. Experiment results reveal that the hierarchy is alive in the judgments of young Pennsylvania speakers, and also emerges partially in the judgments of speakers from New England unfamiliar with the construction. The hierarchy only fully emerges with Pennsylvania speakers when the subject of the sentence is sentient (e.g., the baby). With non-sentient subjects (e.g., the computer), want and like are similar and less acceptable than need. We attribute this to a property of the verb need, which can be either a deontic modal (which does not take a thematic subject) or a thematic subject-taking verb. We discuss how our results support the hypothesis that speakers adapt to novel dialectal constructions by forming analogies to constructions already in their grammars.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Representation of Earlier African American Vernacular English by Charles W. Chesnutt 查尔斯-W-切斯纳特对早期非裔美国人方言英语的表述

American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1215/00031283-11014511

Irene Kimbara

{"title":"The Representation of Earlier African American Vernacular English by Charles W. Chesnutt","authors":"Irene Kimbara","doi":"10.1215/00031283-11014511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11014511","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the validity of regional speech represented in the writings of an African American short story writer, essayist, lawyer, and stenographer Charles W. Chesnutt (1858–1932) with a corpus of dialogues extracted from his literary works (approximately 40,000 words). As a touchstone for exploring its accuracy, the Atlas data from Fayetteville, North Carolina, and the surrounding regions in Cape Fear and Pee Dee Valley− a region where the author spent his youth and his stories are set−are compared with the speech of his African American characters. The result reveals that the Atlas records and Chesnutt’s dialogues share many expressions in their regional lexicons ranging from single words to phrases. Considering the difficulty of recording all the synonyms and semantically related words from the same informant during the interview, the overall agreement between the two provides further evidence that as an African American writer who spent his formative years in a rural community in North Carolina, Chesnutt’s literary dialect offers a glimpse of earlier AAVE spoken in the region in the mid-nineteenth century. Furthermore, this article touches on Chesnutt’s racial identity and what led him to enter the literary world as it is pertinent to his linguistic background and the motive behind the use of literary dialect.","PeriodicalId":158510,"journal":{"name":"American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage","volume":"22 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0