Journal of gastrointestinal oncology最新文献

{"title":"Development of a postoperative risk scoring tool for elderly patients with early gastric cancer: an exploratory prognostic score derivation study.","authors":"Juno Yoo, Byungmoon Chung, Junghwan Kim, Seong-A Jeong, Sa-Hong Min, Chung Sik Gong, In-Seob Lee, Beom Su Kim, Moon-Won Yoo, Jeong Hwan Yook, Sehee Kim, Chang Seok Ko","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0470","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elderly patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) represent a clinically challenging and growing surgical population. Compared to advanced gastric cancer (AGC), the evidence available for this population is limited. As such, no validated composite risk scoring tool currently exists for postoperative risk stratification in this population. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the negative prognostic factors for long-term survival that may be used for developing a risk scoring tool for elderly EGC patients undergoing curative gastrectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single high-volume tertiary center study enrolled patients aged 75 years or older who underwent curative gastrectomy for histopathologically confirmed stage I gastric cancer between January 2007 and December 2016. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed using more than ten variables, including age, sex, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), preoperative hemoglobin level, and extent of gastrectomy. The 5-year overall survival (OS), assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank testing, was the primary endpoint. A composite risk score was derived by assigning one point per independently significant risk factor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>534 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 77.6±2.8 years. 366 patients (68.5%) were male and 450 (84.3%) underwent distal gastrectomy. The age-independent CCI was 3 or higher in 155 patients (29.0%), and preoperative anemia was present in 213 patients (39.9%). Multivariable analysis identified five independent negative prognostic factors: age ≥80 years [hazard ratio (HR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-3.1; P=0.002], male sex (HR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-3.7; P=0.009), CCI ≥3 (HR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4; P=0.03), preoperative anemia (HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6; P=0.01), and total gastrectomy (HR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2; P=0.003). A composite risk score (range, 0-5) stratified patients into low-risk (score 0-1; n=252), intermediate-risk (score 2; n=184), and high-risk (score ≥3; n=98) groups. 5-year OS rates were 91.2%, 82.5%, and 61.2%, respectively (P<0.0001). The 5-year OS for the entire cohort was 82.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This composite risk score stratifies postoperative risk in elderly patients with EGC by predicting long-term survival according to each risk category. In selected high-risk elderly patients with EGC, future prospective evaluation of less invasive or function-preserving surgical strategies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second-line raltitrexed plus irinotecan (SALIRI) with bevacizumab, cetuximab, or alone for metastatic colorectal cancer: a prospective multicenter cohort-based secondary analysis of the SALLY trial.","authors":"Furong Kou, Xicheng Wang, Jian Li, Zhenghang Wang, Ting Xu","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0657","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prospective multicenter SALLY registry reported that raltitrexed plus irinotecan (SALIRI)-based regimens can be used as second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Outcomes according to the addition of bevacizumab (Bev), cetuximab (Cet), or no targeted agents are less clear in routine practice. We performed an exploratory secondary analysis of the SALLY registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients who received second-line SALIRI + Bev, SALIRI + Cet, or SALIRI alone from the SALLY full analytical set. Treatment was selected by physicians in routine care; patients were not randomized. Tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events were compared descriptively and with unadjusted statistical tests. Baseline clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics were assessed across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 1,049 patients: 678 received SALIRI + Bev, 103 received SALIRI + Cet, and 268 received SALIRI alone. Groups were broadly similar in sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, pathological type, resection status, and metastatic burden, but differed in age, primary tumor location, and molecular profile among tested patients. The SALIRI + Cet group included more patients with left-sided or rectal tumors and <i>RAS</i> wild-type disease. <i>BRAF</i>-mutant tumors were found only in the SALIRI + Bev and SALIRI-alone groups. Compared with SALIRI alone, SALIRI + Cet was associated with a higher objective response rate (ORR) (27.2% <i>vs.</i> 15.7%; P=0.02) and longer OS (19.9 <i>vs.</i> 17.0 months; P=0.006). SALIRI + Bev showed numerically higher ORR, DCR, and PFS than SALIRI alone, but these differences were not statistically significant. SALIRI + Cet and SALIRI + Bev did not differ significantly in ORR, DCR, PFS, or OS. Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were infrequent and generally similar across groups, although rash was more common with SALIRI + Cet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory, nonrandomized secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter registry, SALIRI combined with Bev or Cet was feasible and tolerable as second-line therapy for mCRC. The observed favorable outcomes in the SALIRI + Cet subgroup should be interpreted cautiously because of nonrandom treatment allocation. Future prospective, biomarker-driven and randomized studies are warranted to define the optimal clinical positioning of SALIRI-based combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond trastuzumab: redefining first-line HER2-positive gastroesophageal cancer with bispecific HER2 targeting.","authors":"Rishi Bothara, Rutika Mehta","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0471","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of neoadjuvant therapy on subsequent surgical difficulty, safety, and outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer: a narrative review.","authors":"Zhibo Tan, Jiazuo Cai, Lufan Tang, Junjie Liao, Jiankun Liu, Zhengming Guo, Tiemin Zhang, Jiade Jay Lu","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0328","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is standardly treated with neoadjuvant therapy, but clinical concerns regarding its adverse impacts on subsequent surgery have led to poor guideline adherence worldwide. This review systematically synthesized literature to evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on surgical difficulty, procedural outcomes, postoperative complications, and surgery-related oncological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed for literature published from January 2000 to February 2026. Clinical trials, real-world studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and other review articles related to locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, and surgery were examined.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) was not associated with significant adverse effects on subsequent surgery compared with upfront surgery (UFS), and improved sphincter-preservation rates via tumor downstaging, especially for patients with low rectal cancer. Advances in minimally invasive surgery may further improve surgical outcomes after NACRT. Additionally, different radiotherapy modalities, prolonged intervals between radiotherapy completion and surgery, intensified chemotherapy regimens, and immunotherapy combinations did not significantly increase surgical burden or major perioperative complications, with some regimens even improving oncological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neoadjuvant therapy is surgically safe for LARC without increasing perioperative risks, although the impact of radiotherapy remains somewhat controversial. The long-term oncologic outcomes and subgroup-specific effects of neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery require further high-quality evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of genes associated with metastasis and propionate metabolism in rectal cancer.","authors":"Jialei Wang, Peiwei Fang, Qingying Tan, Feng Chen, Min Ni","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2025-1-1061","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2025-1-1061","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Research indicates that alterations in propionate metabolic pathways play a critical role in cancer development and invasion. Postoperative metastatic recurrence remains a major cause of mortality in patients with rectal cancer. However, propionate metabolism-related genes (PMRGs) in rectal cancer remain insufficiently characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers associated with lymph node metastasis and propionate metabolism and construct a risk‑prediction model for rectal cancer via bioinformatic analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The Cancer Genome Atlas-Rectum Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-READ) and GSE87211 datasets, together with a curated PMRGs gene set, were used in this study. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess associations between overlapping genes (differentially expressed genes between READ and normal tissues, as well as between N0 and N1-N2 stages) and PMRGs, leading to the identification of candidate genes. Functional enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted to characterize the biological roles of these candidates. Prognostic biomarkers were identified using univariate Cox regression combined with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and a prognostic model was constructed accordingly. Independent prognostic validation was then performed. In addition, immune checkpoint profiling and immunotherapy response analyses were conducted across risk subgroups. Single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to elucidate the pathways associated with the identified biomarkers. Finally, drug sensitivity analyses were performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 157 candidate genes were identified through the analytical pipeline. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were primarily involved in inflammatory response regulation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. Five prognostic biomarkers were subsequently identified and incorporated into a predictive model. External validation using the GSE87211 cohort confirmed the robustness of the model. Risk score and disease status were identified as independent prognostic factors. Six immune checkpoint molecules exhibited differential expression between risk groups. Correlation analyses revealed that the risk score was positively associated with most immune checkpoint genes. Single-gene GSEA demonstrated that the biomarkers were mainly enriched in ribosomal biogenesis and cell adhesion molecule-related pathways. Furthermore, 51 therapeutic agents exhibited significantly different half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) values between risk subgroups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study identified five biomarkers (&lt;i&gt;CCL24, IGFBP3, ODC1, PYGM&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;VKORC1&lt;/i&gt;) associated with lymph node metastasis and propionate metabolism pathways, providing a potential foundation for prognostic prediction in patients wit","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct metastatic patterns and survival outcomes in intestinal- versus diffuse-type gastric cancer: a SEER-based propensity score-matched analysis.","authors":"Yan Ming, Aiping Shang, Yin Zhou, Xiangmei Zhao","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0323","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the prognostic significance of Lauren classification in metastatic gastric cancer (GC), its association with metastatic patterns, and the prognostic impact of metastatic sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce baseline imbalances. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and gastric cancer-specific survival (GCSS), were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariate Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,696 patients with metastatic GC were included, comprising 3,758 intestinal-type and 938 diffuse-type cases. After PSM, 934 matched pairs were analyzed. Intestinal-type GC was associated with a higher incidence of liver metastasis and a lower incidence of bone metastasis compared with diffuse-type GC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that diffuse-type GC was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS and GCSS both before and after PSM adjustment. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated differences in survival outcomes according to metastatic site, with patients presenting with liver metastasis showing relatively longer survival than those with bone, brain, or multiple-site metastases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lauren classification is significantly associated with distinct metastatic patterns and survival outcomes in metastatic GC. These findings may help refine prognostic stratification and support more individualized risk assessment based on histological subtype and metastatic distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the utility of anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.","authors":"Christopher Cann, Namrata Vijayvergia","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0700","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FANCI promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and cell cycle regulation and interacts with FANCD2.","authors":"Beibei Hua, Tao Ye, Huijie Huang, Weiwei Wang, Xuezhi Chang, Ruozheng Wang","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0535","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes, and reliable molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets remain limited. Fanconi anemia group I protein (FANCI) is a core component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, but its expression pattern, clinical significance, and functional role in ESCC have not been comprehensively defined. This study aimed to investigate FANCI expression and prognostic value in ESCC, assess its effects on malignant cellular phenotypes and tumor growth, and explore its potential mechanistic relationship with Fanconi anemia group D2 protein (FANCD2) and cell-cycle regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multi-cohort analyses were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, together with ESCC single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. FANCI functions were assessed by bidirectional gain- and loss-of-function experiments <i>in vitro</i> (proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell-cycle assays) and by xenograft models <i>in vivo</i>. Mechanistic studies included protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and immunofluorescence (IF) colocalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FANCI was consistently upregulated in ESCC across bulk transcriptomic datasets and was further supported by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). FANCI discriminated ESCC from normal tissues in TCGA-ESCC and was independently validated in GSE53624 [area under the curve (AUC) =0.940 and 0.975, respectively]. FANCI was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and shorter disease-free interval (DFI), and these findings were validated in an independent GEO cohort. Functionally, FANCI promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inhibiting apoptosis; FANCI knockdown suppressed tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> and induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest. Mechanistically, FANCI physically interacted with FANCD2, colocalized with FANCD2 in the nucleus, and was associated with altered FANCD2 protein abundance, consistent with cell-cycle and DNA repair-related programs. Single-cell analysis indicated that FANCI was enriched in epithelial cells and associated with higher activity of malignant functional programs. In TCGA-ESCC, FANCI-high tumors showed distinct mutation profiles, a trend toward increased tumor mutation burden (TMB), and altered immune-associated signatures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FANCI is upregulated in ESCC and is associated with diagnostic and prognostic value. It promotes malignant phenotypes and tumor growth, potentially through a FANCI-FANCD2-linked cell-cycle/DNA repair program, supporting FANCI as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global impact of hepatitis B vaccination on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jingyao Wang, Jie Xu, Juan Meng, Xiaoyang Shi, Shichao Geng, Xiaolan Wang","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0202","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global evidence on the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and incident hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including subgroup analyses by country/region, vaccine formulation, and dosing regimen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 24, 2025. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID: 1355073). Studies were eligible if they reported HCC incidence or risk among vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations, included >20 cases, and provided extractable comparative data. Methodological quality was appraised using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool. Random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird) were used to pool incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and adjusted relative risks (aRRs), expressed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies encompassing over 5 million participants met inclusion criteria. The pooled unadjusted analysis demonstrated a 65% reduction in HCC incidence among vaccinated individuals (IRR =0.35, 95% CI: 0.26-0.47; I²=76.5%). Protection was consistent across subgroups, including males (IRR =0.25, 95% CI: 0.12-0.53) and females (IRR =0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.94). The pooled adjusted estimate confirmed a 67% lower risk of HCC (aRR =0.33, 95% CI: 0.24-0.46; I²=83.4%, with substantial between-study heterogeneity). Plasma-derived vaccines were associated with a significantly reduced HCC risk (aRR =0.34, 95% CI: 0.25-0.47), whereas the pooled estimate for recombinant vaccines was directionally consistent but did not reach statistical significance (aRR =0.16, 95% CI: 0.01-3.72), likely reflecting the limited number of contributing studies. Comparable protection was observed with ≥2-dose or ≥3-dose regimens. No study was rated poor in quality; five were good and nine were fair; the two randomized trials were appraised separately using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HBV vaccination is associated with a significant and durable reduction in HCC risk, independent of demographic, geographic, or vaccine-related factors. These findings are consistent with the view that universal HBV immunization is among the most effective population-level cancer prevention strategies worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLC25A45 as a prognostic biomarker promotes malignant progression via mutant p53 in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Kang Li, Yuqiao Shen, Pengfei Wei, Xin Geng, Lunkai Huang, Cijun Peng, Yong Mei","doi":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0725","DOIUrl":"10.21037/jgo-2026-0725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>SLC25A45</i> belongs to the mitochondrial trimethyllysine carrier protein family. To date, its role in tumor development has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have demonstrated its pro-tumor function in ovarian cancer; however, research on the expression characteristics, biological roles and underlying regulatory pathways of <i>SLC25A45</i> in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited. This study aims to explore the expression, functional roles, and regulatory pathways of SLC25A45 in HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined SLC25A45 expression and clinical relevance in HCC using publicly available transcriptomic data. SLC25A45 knockdown cell lines were constructed using PLC/PRF/5, Huh7, and Huh1 cells. Functional assays, including cell proliferation and colony formation assays, were then conducted. To investigate the effects of SLC25A45 knockdown on the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells in vitro, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses were performed to identify potential underlying mechanisms, which were subsequently validated by experimental assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SLC25A45 was elevated in clinical HCC specimens, and high SLC25A45 expression was correlated with disease progression and poor overall survival (OS). <i>In vitro</i> functional assays demonstrated that SLC25A45 silencing reduced HCC cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistically, GSEA indicated that high SLC25A45 expression was significantly enriched in the p53 signaling pathways. SLC25A45 knockdown in HCC cells led to a significant increase in wild-type p53 protein expression, but a substantial decrease in mutant p53 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>SLC25A45</i> is a potential prognostic indicator and may drive HCC tumorigenesis and progression through the differential modulation of the p53 signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":15841,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"17 4","pages":"257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}