Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology最新文献

Bi-directional actions of dehydroepiandrosterone and aggression in female Siberian hamsters. 脱氢表雄酮与雌性西伯利亚仓鼠攻击行为的双向作用。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2001

Nikki M. Rendon, G. Demas

{"title":"Bi-directional actions of dehydroepiandrosterone and aggression in female Siberian hamsters.","authors":"Nikki M. Rendon, G. Demas","doi":"10.1002/jez.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2001","url":null,"abstract":"There is a well-established positive relationship between gonadal steroids and aggression. In some seasonally breeding species, however, aggression often persists or is increased during short \"winter-like\" days when the gonads are regressed and circulating levels of gonadal steroids are relatively low. Although the mechanisms underlying short-day increases in aggression are not fully known, the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been suggested as an alternative neuroendocrine mechanism regulating seasonal aggression. We used two complementary experimental approaches to examine the bi-directional actions of DHEA and aggression in female Siberian hamsters, a seasonal rodent that displays increased aggression concomitant with elevated circulating DHEA in short days. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of aggressive interactions on DHEA concentrations before and after an aggressive encounter in long- and short-day hamsters. Serum DHEA was altered in a photoperiod-dependent manner, with decreased DHEA levels in response to aggression in short- but not long-day hamsters. Next, we experimentally induced adrenal DHEA release via injections of exogenous ACTH and assessed changes in aggressive behavior across photoperiods. We show a robust increase in aggression in short compared with long days during baseline aggression trials; however, aggression was not significantly increased further in response to ACTH in either photoperiod during post-ACTH aggression trials. These findings suggest that DHEA plays a role in the regulation of short-day aggression, while also highlighting the need for additional studies addressing the causal relationship between DHEA and aggression in this and others species.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73032213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Genetic variation in total number and locations of GnRH neurons identified using in situ hybridization in a wild-source population. GnRH神经元总数和位置的遗传变异利用原位杂交在野生源种群中鉴定。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2000

Katherine E. Kaugars, C. Rivers, M. Saha, P. Heideman

{"title":"Genetic variation in total number and locations of GnRH neurons identified using in situ hybridization in a wild-source population.","authors":"Katherine E. Kaugars, C. Rivers, M. Saha, P. Heideman","doi":"10.1002/jez.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2000","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of brain function in the regulation of physiology may depend in part upon the numbers and locations of neurons. Wild populations of rodents contain natural genetic variation in the inhibition of reproduction by winter-like short photoperiod, and it has been hypothesized that this functional variation might be due in part to heritable variation in the numbers or location of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. A naturally variable wild-source population of white-footed mice was used to develop lines artificially selected for or against mature gonads in short, winter-like photoperiods. We compared a selection line that is reproductively inhibited in short photoperiod (Responsive) to a line that is weakly inhibited by short photoperiod (Nonresponsive) for differences in counts of neurons identified using in situ hybridization for GnRH mRNA. There was no effect of photoperiod, but there were 60% more GnRH neurons in total in the Nonresponsive selection line than the Responsive selection line. The lines differed specifically in numbers of GnRH neurons in more anterior regions, whereas numbers of GnRH neurons in posterior areas were not statistically different between lines. We compare these results to those of an earlier study that used immunohistochemical labeling for GnRH neurons. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the selection lines and natural source population contain significant genetic variation in the number and location of GnRH neurons. The variation in GnRH neurons may contribute to functional variation in fertility that occurs in short photoperiods in the laboratory and in the wild source population in winter.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84006233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sponge cell reaggregation: Cellular structure and morphogenetic potencies of multicellular aggregates. 海绵细胞再聚集:多细胞聚集体的细胞结构和形态发生潜能。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2006

A. Lavrov, I. Kosevich

{"title":"Sponge cell reaggregation: Cellular structure and morphogenetic potencies of multicellular aggregates.","authors":"A. Lavrov, I. Kosevich","doi":"10.1002/jez.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2006","url":null,"abstract":"Sponges (phylum Porifera) are one of the most ancient extant multicellular animals and can provide valuable insights into origin and early evolution of Metazoa. High plasticity of cell differentiations and anatomical structure is characteristic feature of sponges. Present study deals with sponge cell reaggregation after dissociation as the most outstanding case of sponge plasticity. Dynamic of cell reaggregation and structure of multicellular aggregates of three demosponge species (Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766), Haliclona aquaeductus (Sсhmidt, 1862), and Halisarca dujardinii Johnston, 1842) were studied. Sponge tissue dissociation was performed mechanically. Resulting cell suspensions were cultured at 8-10°C for at least 5 days. Structure of multicellular aggregates was studied by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Studied species share common stages of cell reaggregation-primary multicellular aggregates, early-stage primmorphs and primmorphs, but the rate of reaggregation varies considerably among species. Only cells of H. dujardinii are able to reconstruct functional and viable sponge after primmorphs formation. Sponge reconstruction in this species occurs due to active cell locomotion. Development of H. aquaeductus and H. panicea cells ceases at the stages of early primmorphs and primmorphs, respectively. Development of aggregates of these species is most likely arrested due to immobility of the majority of cells inside them. However, the inability of certain sponge species to reconstruct functional and viable individuals during cell reaggregation may be not a permanent species-specific characteristic, but depends on various factors, including the stage of the life cycle and experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80199518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Performance of teeth of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, over ontogeny. 长形蛇鳕牙齿在个体发育中的表现。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-28 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1967

Katherine A Galloway, Philip S L Anderson, Cheryl D Wilga, Adam P Summers

{"title":"Performance of teeth of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, over ontogeny.","authors":"Katherine A Galloway, Philip S L Anderson, Cheryl D Wilga, Adam P Summers","doi":"10.1002/jez.1967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish teeth can play several roles during feeding; capture, retention, and processing. In many fish lineages teeth may be present on non-jaw cranial bones that lack opposing teeth, such as the vomer and palatine. We hypothesized that teeth on different bones have different functions, and that the function of a set of teeth may vary over ontogeny. In this study, puncture, and draw performance of in situ vomerine teeth are compared to premaxillary teeth of the piscivorous lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus. The force required to pierce prey and to draw prey out of the mouth once the teeth were embedded was measured in ten individuals ranging from 205 to 836 mm SL to test for ontogenetic effects. Vomerine teeth in juvenile lingcod required proportionally less force to puncture prey items than adult lingcod, while premaxillary teeth showed the opposite trend. Draw force required to remove prey from the grasp of both toothed bones show the same shift with ontogeny. These results suggest that there is a shift in tooth function from vomerine to premaxillary teeth over ontogeny of lingcods. In juvenile lingcod, vomerine teeth function more effectively during initial puncture. In contrast, the premaxillary teeth pierce more effectively in adults. Juvenile lingcod are expected to use the premaxillary teeth while adult lingcod are expected to use the vomerine teeth to retain prey due to the larger force required for the prey to escape. The curvature of vomerine teeth increases over ontogeny suggesting increasing functional performance in retaining prey.</p>","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.1967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34041175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Parasite infection negatively affects PHA-triggered inflammation in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum. 在地下啮齿类动物中，寄生虫感染对pha引发的炎症有负面影响。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2003

J. Merlo, A. Cutrera, R. Zenuto

{"title":"Parasite infection negatively affects PHA-triggered inflammation in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum.","authors":"J. Merlo, A. Cutrera, R. Zenuto","doi":"10.1002/jez.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2003","url":null,"abstract":"Magnitude and effectiveness of immune responses vary greatly between and within species. Among factors reported to determine this variation, parasitism is a critical one, although controversial effects of parasites over immunological indices have been reported. Information regarding immune strategies in species with different life histories is crucial to better understand the role of immune defenses in an ecological and evolutionary context. Here, we examine the influence of the parasite community on immune responsiveness of a solitary subterranean rodent, Ctenomys talarum. To do this, we assessed the impact of the natural parasite community and the experimental infection with Eimeria sp. on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-response, as well as other immune, condition, nutrition, and stress parameters. PHA-triggered inflammation was similarly impaired by Eimeria sp. infection alone or co-occurring with a number of gastrointestinal nematodes. None of the other physiological parameters studied were affected by parasitism. This indicates that parasitism is a general key factor modulating immune responsiveness of the host, and in particular for C. talarum, it could explain the great inter-individual variation previously observed in the PHA-response. Thus, our results highlight the importance of taking the parasite community into account in ecoimmunological studies, particularly when using immunological indices.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86149738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Morphological and ultrastructural study of the efferent ductules in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. 华鳖传出小管的形态学和超微结构研究。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2002

M. Waqas, Tengfei Liu, Ping Yang, N. Ahmed, Qian Zhang, Lisi Hu, C. Hong, Qiusheng Chen

{"title":"Morphological and ultrastructural study of the efferent ductules in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.","authors":"M. Waqas, Tengfei Liu, Ping Yang, N. Ahmed, Qian Zhang, Lisi Hu, C. Hong, Qiusheng Chen","doi":"10.1002/jez.2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2002","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative study of the turtle excurrent duct system increases our understanding the evolution of sperm motility and fertility maintenance in higher vertebrates. Therefore, in this study we observed the histology and ultrastructure organization of efferent ductules in the Pelodiscus sinensis using light and transmission electron microscopy. The efferent ductules are extra- testicular and 22-28 in number originate from rete testis. The epithelium is entirely composed of two types of cells, the predominant non-ciliated and ciliated cells. The ciliated cells have long cilia that protrude into the lumen to form a meshwork. These cells associated with clusters of mitochondria in the supranuclear cytoplasm and possess coated vesicles, vacuole, intracellular spaces, and junction complexes. Ciliated cells in the proximal portion of the ductules contain an endocytic apparatus with coated pits and tubules in the apical cytoplasm. Interdigitations and lipid droplets are predominantly present around the nuclei of these cells. The non-ciliated cells have clusters of mitochondria present in both the supranuclear and perinuclear cytoplasm whereas, the nuclei of these cells are lightly stained. Moreover, the contour of the epithelium towards lumen is irregular as it has a deep indentation. The apical cytoplasm goes deep into the lumen to form cytoplasmic processes. This is the first study to describe the detailed features of efferent ductules in Pelodiscus sinensis with, special focus on the morphology of ciliated cells, as these cells are involved in the mixing of luminal fluid and transport of spermatozoa towards the distal region.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80776423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Overcrowding-mediated stress alters cell proliferation in key neuroendocrine areas during larval development in Rhinella arenarum. 过度拥挤介导的应激改变了砂鼻草幼虫发育过程中关键神经内分泌区域的细胞增殖。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2005

Mijal J Distler, L. Jungblut, N. Ceballos, D. Paz, A. Pozzi

{"title":"Overcrowding-mediated stress alters cell proliferation in key neuroendocrine areas during larval development in Rhinella arenarum.","authors":"Mijal J Distler, L. Jungblut, N. Ceballos, D. Paz, A. Pozzi","doi":"10.1002/jez.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2005","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to adverse environmental conditions can elicit a stress response, which results in an increase in endogenous corticosterone levels. In early life stages, it has been thoroughly demonstrated that amphibian larval growth and development is altered as a consequence of chronic stress by interfering with the metamorphic process, however, the underlying mechanisms involved have only been partially disentangled. We examined the effect of intraspecific competition on corticosterone levels during larval development of the toad Rhinella arenarum and its ultimate effects on cell proliferation in particular brain areas as well as the pituitary gland. While overcrowding altered the number of proliferating cells in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and third ventricle of the brain, no differences were observed in areas which are less associated with neuroendocrine processes, such as the first ventricle of the brain. Apoptosis was increased in hypothalamic regions but not in the pituitary. With regards to pituitary cell populations, thyrotrophs but not somatoatrophs and corticotrophs showed a decrease in the cell number in overcrowded larvae. Our study shows that alterations in growth and development, produced by stress, results from an imbalance in the neuroendocrine systems implicated in orchestrating the timing of metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86695109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

How important is the eggshell as a source for initial acquisition of Salmonella in hatchling turtles? 蛋壳作为幼龟最初感染沙门氏菌的来源有多重要?

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2016-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2004

M. C. Holgersson, W. Nichols, R. Paitz, R. Bowden

{"title":"How important is the eggshell as a source for initial acquisition of Salmonella in hatchling turtles?","authors":"M. C. Holgersson, W. Nichols, R. Paitz, R. Bowden","doi":"10.1002/jez.2004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2004","url":null,"abstract":"How and when turtles first acquire gut microflora is largely speculative. In this study, the eggshell and hatching process were evaluated for their role in the initial acquisition of Salmonella, by red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). First, we examined whether the eggshell is a viable substrate for bacterial persistence during incubation, and if internal egg components (i.e., albumen, yolk, and embryo) have detectable bacterial loads. Second, we experimentally manipulated Salmonella by treating eggs with combinations of Salmonella and gentamicin, an effective Gram-negative antibiotic. We found that the eggshell is a viable substrate for maintaining bacteria, as well as an effective barrier to Salmonella transmission as internal egg components were largely bacteria-free. Water samples collected 18 days post-hatch from individuals that were experimentally inoculated with a topical application of Salmonella as eggs had a higher prevalence of Salmonella than those from eggs inoculated with Salmonella but topically treated with gentamicin prior to hatching, control eggs, and eggs only treated with gentamicin, but by day 35 post-hatch there were no detectable differences among the treatment groups. Though it can also act as a barrier that prevents the bacteria from infecting the embryo prior to hatching these findings suggest that the eggshell is a likely source of Salmonella infection in turtle hatchlings.","PeriodicalId":15824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82301691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Sperm storage and sperm competition across ovarian cycles in the dragon lizard, Ctenophorus fordi. 福特龙蜥(Ctenophorus fordi)卵巢周期中的精子储存和精子竞争。

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2013-08-01 Epub Date: 2013-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1803

Tobias Uller, Tonia Schwartz, Troy Koglin, Mats Olsson

引用次数: 25

What do we (need to) know about the melatonin in crustaceans? 关于甲壳类动物的褪黑素，我们(需要)知道些什么?

IF 2.8 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological genetics and physiology Pub Date : 2013-08-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1800

S B Sainath, Ch Swetha, P Sreenivasula Reddy

引用次数: 33