Journal of Field Ornithology最新文献

{"title":"Habitat determinants of species occupancy and niche partitioning among sympatric owlets: the paradoxical role of agricultural lands for the endangered Forest Owlet, Athene blewitti","authors":"Zainab. Khan, H. Sushma, Paul Antony B, Kaushik Koli, Aditi Neema, M. R. Meera, M. Arasumani, V. V. Robin, R. Jayapal, S. Mukherjee","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00244-940201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00244-940201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative nest defense by European Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) during a predatory threat","authors":"Elizabeth A. Lewis","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00326-940313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00326-940313","url":null,"abstract":". Cooperative nest defense has been documented in various passerine species. Parents typically swoop and alarm-call at any predator near their nest, often attracting predominantly male conspecifics to help with nest defense. Potential reasons for males to engage in communal nest defense include direct benefits such as deterring a predator from their own nest area, by-product mutualism (paternity uncertainty in nearby nests), reciprocity, kin selection, and quality advertisement. European Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) are a semicolonial and gregarious cavity-nesting passerine with biparental care. They have a mixed reproductive strategy that includes both extra-pair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism. Therefore, both paternity and maternity uncertainty could occur in conspecific nests. Our objective was to examine whether conspecific nest defense occurred in this species, and if it did, whether both males and females participated. We exposed adult European Starlings breeding in 16 nest boxes to a taxidermy mount of an American red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; experimental treatment) and a similarly sized and shaped rock (control) mid-way through the nestling period when nestlings were 11 or 12 days old. Significantly more starlings (parents and conspecifics) responded in the experimental than control trials, and they responded with a significantly higher aggregate score of defensive responses, demonstrating both the effectiveness of the taxidermy mount in eliciting defensive responses and the presence of cooperative nest defense in this species. Both males and females participated in mobbing at conspecific nests during the experimental trials. This study is the first to determine that male and female European Starlings engage in cooperative defense of conspecific nests","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of localized artificial light on calling activity of Common Poorwill ( Phalaenoptilus nuttallii )","authors":"Paul Preston, R. Brigham","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00348-940316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00348-940316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wintering Artemisiospiza sparrows: patterns of segregation between Sagebrush Sparrow ( A. nevadensis ) and Mojave Bell's Sparrow ( A. belli canescens ) across Lower Colorado Desert vegetation assemblages, with evidence for differential migration in Mojave Bell's Sparrow","authors":"C. McCreedy, Michael Lester, A. Kovach","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00328-940312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00328-940312","url":null,"abstract":". Bell’s Sparrows ( Artemisiospiza belli ) have only recently been recognized as distinct from Sagebrush Sparrows ( A. nevadensis ), and the “Mojave” subspecies ( A. b. canescens ) shares an overlapping wintering distribution with Sagebrush Sparrow in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of southeastern California and western Arizona. We lack understanding of the two species’ respective wintering habitat preferences and the degree to which they interact or segregate on their wintering grounds due to the difficulty in separating them in the field and to their previous classification as one species. We captured and sampled 74 Artemisiospiza sparrows from 5 sites across western Arizona, supporting field identifications with genetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA to confirm species and molecular sexing of sampled individuals. Bell’s Sparrows and Sagebrush Sparrows segregated into different habitat types across our study area, with only one species detected at four of five study sites. Bell’s Sparrows comprised 82% (n = 33) of Artemisiospiza sparrows captured at the 5th site at Robbins Butte. Broadly, Sagebrush Sparrows were found in more upland, well-drained locations that were less vegetated with xerophytic scrub. Bell’s Sparrows were found in more vegetated locations with halophytic Mojave seablite ( Suaeda nigra ) and saltbush ( Atriplex ) adjacent to mesquite and tamarisk woodlands. Bell’s Sparrow sex ratios were significantly female-biased (binomial test: n = 56, observed k = 48 females, expected k = 28 females for assumed p = 0.5, Pr [ k < = 8 or k = > 48] < 0.0001; 95% CI = 0.369 – 0.631 for assumed p = 0.5) at Fort Mohave and Robbins Butte, the 2 sites where Bell’s Sparrows were found. Our observed sex-ratios and well-documented year-round presence of Bell’s Sparrows on and near the breeding grounds suggest that Bell’s Sparrow males and females employ different migration strategies, a phenomenon not previously documented for this taxon.","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeward bound: annual breeding home range size and overlap in Broad-winged Hawks ( Buteo platypterus ) and the effects of sex, productivity, and ecoregion","authors":"Diego Gallego, Rebecca McCabe, Laurie Goodrich","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00371-940409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00371-940409","url":null,"abstract":"Documenting home range size, and identifying the variables influencing it, is key to understanding raptor population ecology and to addressing conservation issues. The Broad-winged Hawk (<em>Buteo platypterus</em>, hereafter broadwing) is a small forest buteo that travels over 8,000 km between its breeding range in North America and wintering range in Central and South America. Although conspicuous during migration, its secretive behavior while nesting hinders data collection on behavior and movements during the breeding season. We calculated breeding home ranges of 14 telemetry-tracked broadwings in northeastern USA and analyzed the effects of intrinsic (sex and nest productivity) and extrinsic (ecoregion) variables, using autocorrelated kernel density estimations. Breeding home ranges were 20 times larger in males than in females, in line with the strong division of labor between sexes observed in raptors. Breeding home ranges were larger in the most southerly ecoregion, suggesting that adults may need to move more to find prey for their nestlings or the habitat is less suitable in this ecoregion. We found no effect of nest productivity, although sample size was small. We assessed nest site fidelity and home range overlap across years for five adults. We found annual breeding home ranges overlapped (>0.85 in all cases) and inter-annual nest distances were less than 200 m on average, indicating a strong fidelity to the breeding home range and to the nest site area. To our knowledge, this is the first study using telemetry data to calculate breeding home ranges of this secretive forest raptor. Our findings indicate that broadwing breeding home ranges and nesting locations may remain stable over several years. Understanding and protecting the habitats used by nesting broadwings throughout their breeding range could be important to their long-term conservation.","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study of sea and shorebird breeding recovery following goat and cat eradication on Klein Curaçao, southern Caribbean","authors":"Adolphe Debrot, Rob Wellens, Henriette de Vries, Michelle Da Costa Gomez, Cisca Rusch-de Lijster, Quinlan Cijntje, Erik Houtepen, Peter-Paul Schets","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00347-940318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00347-940318","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we document major seabird breeding recovery on a satellite island of Curaçao in the southern Caribbean following the removal of goats in 1997, significant reforestation from 2000–2005, and the extermination of cats in 2001. The only seabird to have been confirmed to breed on the island since the 1960s and until recently has been the Least Tern (<em>Sternula antillarum</em>). However, we now confirm nesting for an additional eight sea- and shorebird species on the island for the first time based on field observations in 2021 and 2022. The total number of documented nesting pairs annually has increased from a maximum of 140 pairs (of a single species in 2002), to > 430 pairs (of all species combined) in 2021 and 650 pairs in 2022. The dominant species are the Cayenne Tern (<em>Thalassaeus sandviscensis</em>), Laughing Gull (<em>Larus atricilla</em>), Sooty Tern (<em>Onychoprion fuscatus</em>), and Least Tern, in that order. Breeding by the Sooty Tern and Bridled Tern (<em>Onychoprion anatheus</em>) are new national records for Curaçao. Klein Curaçao is now the island group’s most diverse and active seabird breeding location. Major threats to the nascent recovery of seabird breeding in this Ramsar-designated wetland area are the growing and uncontrolled human recreation, the repeated threat of reintroduction of feral cats, and predation by rats. Recommendations are made on measures needed to address these threats. The case study of Klein Curaçao demonstrates the potential for seabird recovery when deleterious invasive mammals are eradicated from islands.","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography of two species and one genus of hummingbirds with contrasting population trends in California, USA","authors":"Simon G. English,&nbsp;Rita R. Colwell,&nbsp;Barbara W. Robinson,&nbsp;Holly B. Ernest,&nbsp;Christine A. Bishop,&nbsp;Ruta R. Bandivadekar,&nbsp;Lisa A. Tell","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hummingbirds in North America are currently experiencing contrasting population changes, and little is known about the factors contributing to these changes. We examined the demography of two species and one genus of hummingbirds in western North America, including Anna's Hummingbirds (<i>Calypte anna</i>), Black-chinned Hummingbirds (<i>Archilochus alexandri</i>), and hummingbirds in the genus <i>Selasphorus</i>, to investigate the mechanism underlying these contrasting trends. We analyzed mark-recapture data collected over periods ranging from 6 to 11 years in California, USA, to quantify demographics, including sex ratios, the proportion of transients, and age-dependent, sex-specific, and species-specific apparent annual survival. Transience was estimated at sites where parameterization of annual survival allowed the inclusion of time-dependency. We estimated that 34% of hummingbirds were transient at one site, but only 5% at another site. Estimates of annual survival followed a negative trend after birds reached their first year. Evaluation of the short-term (4 yr) effect of subcutaneous implantation of radio-frequency identification transponders on survival estimates of Anna’s Hummingbirds revealed no difference in apparent annual survival. Robust estimates of demographic parameters are essential for conserving birds with changing populations. As such, our results contribute important context for the contrasting population trends among hummingbirds in western North America.</p>","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jofo.12396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137784408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and organization of songs of south-temperate Grass Wrens (Cistothorus platensis)","authors":"Paula S. Garrido Coria,&nbsp;Drew Rendall,&nbsp;Rosario Panasiti Ros,&nbsp;Natalia C. García,&nbsp;Paulo E. Llambías","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12395","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jofo.12395","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies of geographic variation in bird song can provide important insights into vocal evolution. An intraspecific approach, focused on a single species with a broad distribution, can be particularly helpful in understanding the diverse selective pressures on the characteristics of songs and singing behavior. Grass Wrens (<i>Cistothorus platensis</i>) are one such species, inhabiting tropical and temperate grasslands across the Neotropics. We studied Grass Wrens in Mendoza, Argentina, to determine the structure, organization, and delivery of their songs, song repertoire sizes, and patterns of song sharing among males in a resident, mainland south-temperate population. Over two breeding seasons, we recorded and analyzed 27,795 songs from 29 color-banded males. Songs of male Grass Wrens contained a few, low-volume introductory notes typically followed by one, but sometimes more, syllable types repeated as a trill. Males often repeated a sequence of two or three different song types (A-B-C, A-B-C, …) several times before switching to a different sequence (D-E-F). Syllable and song type sharing was high among males. The size of recorded syllable and song type repertoires of individual males varied with sampling effort. The introduction of new syllable or song types by males slowed, but did not reach asymptotes, with increasingly large samples of recordings. Many of these patterns are consistent with previous reports for Grass Wrens and other <i>Cistothorus</i> wrens, possibly representing core features of song design in this species group. Our results concerning song sharing among males in a resident population are also consistent with a previous proposed relationship between male song sharing and breeding-site fidelity. In the latter respect, Grass Wrens of Central and South America are more similar to Marsh Wrens than Sedge Wrens of North America, providing support for a recently proposed split between Grass Wrens and Sedge Wrens formerly considered conspecific.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-offs in performance of six lightweight automated tracking devices for birds","authors":"Sarah J. Clements,&nbsp;Bart M. Ballard,&nbsp;Georgina R. Eccles,&nbsp;Emily A. Sinnott,&nbsp;Mitch D. Weegman","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12392","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jofo.12392","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Researchers should consider the costs and benefits of using tracking devices and choose devices that will optimize information gained with minimal effects on study organisms. With numerous technological advancements and devices marketed for avian research, selecting an optimal device and data collection interval (i.e., duty cycle) can be difficult. We evaluated six tracking-device types from two manufacturers (Pinpoint 10 [1-g; Lotek], Pinpoint Argos 75 [4-g; Lotek], Pinpoint Argos Solar S [6-g; Lotek], Ornitrack-10 [10-g; Ornitela], Ornitrack-15 [15-g; Ornitela], and Ornitrack-N35 [35-g; Ornitela]) and varied duty cycles to quantify (1) fix success rate for all units, (2) precision of location information for all units, and (3) battery voltage given the effects of duty cycle and reduced light for solar-rechargeable units (Ornitrack-10, Ornitrack-15, and Ornitrack-N35). Fix success rates for Pinpoint 10, Pinpoint Argos 75, Ornitrack-10, Ornitrack-15, and Ornitrack-N35 units were overall &gt; 0.95. However, the Pinpoint Argos Solar S units had a lower fix success rate that varied with duty cycle intensity. The Pinpoint Argos 75, Pinpoint Argos Solar S, and Ornitrack-10 units were more precise (≥ 99% points were collected within 20 m of each other) than the Pinpoint 10, Ornitrack-15, and Ornitrack-N35 units (&gt; 80% of points collected within 20 m of each other). For all devices, batteries maintained a high charge (i.e., battery charge lost during the dark hours was recovered or mostly recovered during the day) under high and intermediate light levels, and low and intermediate duty cycles. Light explained more variation in battery voltage than duty cycle. We encourage investigators to evaluate devices prior to deployment on birds to maximize data quality relative to their research questions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43833314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lewis’s Woodpecker nest success and habitat selection in floodplain and burned forests in western Montana","authors":"William M. Blake,&nbsp;Katharine R. Stone,&nbsp;William M. Janousek,&nbsp;Thomas E. Martin","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jofo.12394","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For species with declining populations across their range, such as Lewis’s Woodpeckers (<i>Melanerpes lewis</i>), understanding habitat selection and its influence on reproductive outcomes are critical for effective management, especially in human-modified landscapes. We identified factors associated with habitat selection by Lewis’s Woodpeckers in the floodplain and burned forests across the Bitterroot Valley in Montana. We estimated population densities, determined reproductive outcomes, and examined the possible influence of forest characteristics on nest-site selection. Mean adult population densities of Lewis’s Woodpeckers were over three times greater in floodplain forest than burned forest (13.2 adults/km² vs. 4.1 adults/km², respectively). However, nest success was lower in floodplain (73%; CI = 62%, 82%) than in burned forest (88%; CI = 78%, 94%). Nest success also declined across the breeding season. Lewis’s Woodpeckers in the floodplain forest were more likely to nest in cavities in taller trees, forested areas with reduced canopy cover, and stands with more trees. In burned forests, the height of nest trees was the only distinguishing feature of nest-site selection. However, the characteristics of nest sites used by Lewis’s Woodpeckers did not predict nest success. Ultimately, nest success was high in both forest types and both play an important role in maintaining populations of Lewis’s Woodpeckers in our study system. Management strategies to conserve habitat for Lewis’s Woodpeckers in western Montana should focus on retention of trees and snags &gt; 18 m in height in both forest types, as well as enhancing recruitment of cottonwoods in a floodplain forest.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45906734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}