Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health最新文献

{"title":"School performance and educational achievement in children exposed to maternal cancer in utero","authors":"Iben Katinka Greiber, Jakob Hansen Viuff, Mona Aarenstrup Karlsen, Øjvind Lidegaard, Anders Preztmann Mikkelsen, Cristel Sørensen Hjortshøj, Lone Storgaard, Lene Mellemkjær","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221753","url":null,"abstract":"Background In utero exposure to maternal cancer and cancer treatment might influence the child’s cognitive development. This study investigated if exposure to maternal cancer during fetal life impacted school performance and educational achievement as adults. Methods This nationwide retrospective cohort study identified all live-born children in Denmark between January 1978 and December 2013. Exposure was defined as maternal cancer diagnosis during pregnancy. Four partly overlapping birth cohorts were constructed depending on the outcome of interest: (1) receiving special educational support for birth years 2001–2013; (2) grade point average (GPA) at the final exams after 10th grade for 1986–2003; (3) educational achievement at 20 years for 1978–1998; and (4) education at 30 years for 1978–1988. Logistic and linear models were adjusted for birth year, maternal age, maternal education and maternal death. Results The estimated probability of receiving special educational support was similar in the exposed group and the reference (adjusted OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.77, non-significant). The GPA did not statistically differ (0.13 grade points; 95% CI −0.18 to 0.45, non-significant). The achieved educational levels were similar for the exposed group and the reference at 20 years, with an adjusted OR of 1.07 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.40) for low versus medium educational level, and at 30 years with an adjusted OR of 0.73 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.50) for low versus high educational level and of 1.07 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.72) for medium versus high educational level. Conclusion Our findings did not indicate poorer performance in compulsory school nor impairment of adult educational achievement after exposure to maternal cancer in utero. No data are available. Data are available from Statistics Denmark (<https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik>) and Danish Health Data Authority (<https://sundhedsdatastyrelsen.dk/en/forskerservice>). The corresponding author had full access to the included data.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal associations of antioxidants with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive function: a Mendelian randomisation study","authors":"Jiao Wang, Yingyue Huang, Chunhua Bei, Huiling Yang, Zihong Lin, Lin Xu","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221184","url":null,"abstract":"Background Circulating antioxidants are associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in observational studies, suggesting potential target areas for intervention. However, whether the associations are causal remains unclear. Here, we studied the causality between antioxidants and AD or cognitive function using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly (p<5×10−8) associated with antioxidants (vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc, selenium, β-carotene and urate) and outcomes (AD, cognitive performance and reaction time) were obtained from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). MR inverse variance weighting (IVW) and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were used for data analysis. Results Higher genetically determined selenium level was associated with 5% higher risk of AD (OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.091, p=0.028) using IVW. Higher genetically determined urate level was associated with worse cognitive performance (β=−0.026, 95% CI −0.044 to −0.008, p=0.005) using MR-PRESSO. No association between the other antioxidants and AD, cognitive performance and reaction time was found. Similar results were found in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Our results suggest that lifelong exposure to higher selenium may be associated with a higher risk of AD, and higher urate levels could be associated with worse cognitive performance. Further analyses using larger GWAS of antioxidants are warranted to confirm these observations. Our results suggest that caution is needed in the interpretation of traditional observational evidence on the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants. Data are available in a public, open access repository. The data sets for MR analysis of this article are available from published genome-wide association studies: <https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr387>, <https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1328>, <https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt239>, <https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu546>, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.12.019>, <https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2500>, <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00776-w>, <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0147-3>, <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x>, <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0311-9>.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersectional inequalities in paediatric infectious diseases: a national cohort study in Sweden","authors":"Samuel Videholm, Sven Arne Silfverdal, Per E Gustafsson","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-220593","url":null,"abstract":"Background It is well known that socially deprived children are more likely to be hospitalised for infections. Less is known about how different social disadvantages interact. Therefore, we examine intersectional inequalities in overall, upper respiratory, lower respiratory, enteric and genitourinary infections in the first 5 years of life. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of Swedish children born between 1998 and 2015. Inequalities were examined using analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy as the analytical framework. A variable with 60 intersectional strata was created by combining information on maternal education, household income, sex/gender and maternal migration status. We estimated the incidence rates of infectious disease hospitalisation for each intersectional strata and the associations between intersectional strata and infectious disease hospitalisations using logistic regression models. We furthermore quantified the discriminatory ability of the intersectional strata with respect to infectious disease hospitalisation. Results The study included 1785 588 children and 318 080 hospital admissions. The highest overall incidence of hospitalisations for infections was found in boys born to low-educated mothers who lived in families with the lowest household income. The overall incidence of infections was unrelated to household income in children born to highly educated mothers. The ability of the intersectional strata to discriminate between children with and without infections was poor. Conclusion We found that inequalities in paediatric infectious diseases were shaped by the intersections of different social disadvantages. These inequalities should be addressed by public health policies that reach all children. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. We used pseudo-anonymised register data obtained from third parties. It includes sensitive information and some access restrictions may apply. Interested researchers need to obtain data directly from the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden (socialstyrelsen@socialstyrelsen.se) and from Statistics Sweden (scb@scb.se).","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of informal caregiving on depressive symptoms among a national cohort of men","authors":"Tania L King, Peter P Vitaliano, Humaira Maheen, Yamna Taouk","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221814","url":null,"abstract":"Background There is evidence that unpaid caregiving can have negative effects on the mental health of female caregivers; however, evidence of impacts on male caregivers is limited. This study addressed this gap by examining associations between becoming a caregiver and depressive symptoms among men. Methods We used data from waves 1–2 (2013, 2016) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Male Health (Ten to Men). Effects of incident caregiving on depressive symptoms were estimated using augmented inverse probability treatment weighting, with adjustment for potential confounders. Incident caregiving was assessed as a binary variable (became a caregiver vs not), and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (moderate to severe depressive symptoms; yes, no). Main analysis was prospective, drawing on wave 1 (caregiving) and wave 2 (depressive symptoms), and sensitivity analyses modelled cross-sectional associations. Results In the main analysis, incident caregiving in wave 1 was associated with depressive symptoms in the subsequent wave, with an average treatment effect of 0.11 (95% CI 0.06, 0.17) and equating to a risk ratio of 2.03 (95% CI 1.55, 2.51). Associations were robust to several sensitivity analyses, with cross-sectional associations supporting the main prospective analyses. Conclusion These results provide evidence of the association between caregiving and depressive symptoms among male caregivers. This has important implications for policy and support programmes. As we seek to shift caregiving responsibilities toward a more gender-equal distribution of care, policy must recognise that, like female caregivers, male caregivers also experience mental health impacts related to their caregiving role. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. The data that support the findings of this study are available from Dataverse, managed by the Australian Data Archive. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, and interested users may apply for data from <https://dataverse.ada.edu.au/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.26193/VTCZFF>.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifying effect of urban parks on socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence: a cross-sectional population study of Madrid City, Spain","authors":"Elena Plans-Beriso, Pedro Gullon, Mario Fontan-Vela, Manuel Franco, Beatriz Perez-Gomez, Marina Pollan, Isabel Cura-Gonzalez, Usama Bilal","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221198","url":null,"abstract":"Background Evidence has shown contradicting results on how the density of urban green spaces may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes ( equigenic hypothesis ). The aim of this study is to test whether socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence are modified by park density. Methods We designed a population-wide cross-sectional study of all adults registered in the primary healthcare centres in the city of Madrid, Spain (n=1 305 050). We obtained georeferenced individual-level data from the Primary Care Electronic Health Records, and census-tract level data on socioeconomic status (SES) and park density. We modelled diabetes prevalence using robust Poisson regression models adjusted by age, country of origin, population density and including an interaction term with park density, stratified by gender. We used this model to estimate the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) at different park density levels. Findings We found an overall RII of 2.90 (95% CI 2.78 to 3.02) and 4.50 (95% CI 4.28 to 4.74) in men and women, respectively, meaning that the prevalence of diabetes was three to four and a half times higher in low SES compared with high SES areas. These inequalities were wider in areas with higher park density for both men and women, with a significant interaction only for women (p=0.008). Interpretation We found an inverse association between SES and diabetes prevalence in both men and women, with wider inequalities in areas with more parks. Future works should study the mechanisms of these findings, to facilitate the understanding of contextual factors that may mitigate diabetes inequalities. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. Data are not publicly available as it contains information from Electronic Medical Records. Upon reasonable request to the Heart Healthy Hoods project, data could be available for researchers.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Predictive value of metabolic profiling in cardiovascular risk scores: analysis of 75 000 adults in UK Biobank","authors":"BMJ Publishing Group Ltd","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220801corr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-220801corr1","url":null,"abstract":"Jin D, Trichia E, Islam N, et al. Predictive value of metabolic profiling in cardiovascular risk scores: analysis of 75 000 adults …","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: How to create healthier places: a multi-disciplinary qualitative study exploring the complex system of urban development decision-making","authors":"BMJ Publishing Group Ltd","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-ssmabstracts.15corr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-ssmabstracts.15corr1","url":null,"abstract":"Gouais AL. How to create healthier places: a …","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT)","authors":"Kitty Chen, Kathy Kornas, Laura C Rosella","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221080","url":null,"abstract":"Background Predicting chronic disease incidence at a population level can help inform overall future chronic disease burden and opportunities for prevention. This study aimed to estimate the future burden of chronic disease in Ontario, Canada, using a population-level risk prediction algorithm and model interventions for equity-deserving groups who experience barriers to services and resources due to disadvantages and discrimination. Methods The validated Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT) estimates the 10-year risk and incidence of major chronic diseases. CDPoRT was applied to data from the 2017/2018 Canadian Community Health Survey to predict baseline 10-year chronic disease estimates to 2027/2028 in the adult population of Ontario, Canada, and among equity-deserving groups. CDPoRT was used to model prevention scenarios of 2% and 5% risk reductions over 10 years targeting high-risk equity-deserving groups. Results Baseline chronic disease risk was highest among those with less than secondary school education (37.5%), severe food insecurity (19.5%), low income (21.2%) and extreme workplace stress (15.0%). CDPoRT predicted 1.42 million new chronic disease cases in Ontario from 2017/2018 to 2027/2028. Reducing chronic disease risk by 5% prevented 1500 cases among those with less than secondary school education, prevented 14 900 cases among those with low household income and prevented 2800 cases among food-insecure populations. Large reductions of 57 100 cases were found by applying a 5% risk reduction in individuals with quite a bit workplace stress. Conclusion Considerable reduction in chronic disease cases was predicted across equity-defined scenarios, suggesting the need for prevention strategies that consider upstream determinants affecting chronic disease risk. Data are available in a public, open access repository. Canadian Community Health Survey Public Use Microdata File is publicly available in an open-access repository (<https://odesi.ca/en>).","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to conduct methodologically rigorous epidemiological studies of the Chinese Famine of 1959–1961","authors":"Chunyu Liu, Zi Lian, Chihua Li","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-221875","url":null,"abstract":"The important use of famines as human laboratories to study long-term health effects has become widely recognised over the past decades. To date, over 300 epidemiological studies of the Chinese Famine of 1959–1961 have been published, and there is a fast-growing interest in examining its intergenerational impacts.1 However, many of them had major limitations in analytical methods. In light of the study by Hu and colleagues,2 we discussed some overlooked methodological issues and alternative strategies to conduct rigorous Chinese famine studies. A frequently discussed limitation of Chinese famine studies is that many of …","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental education and occupation in relation to childhood type 1 diabetes: nationwide cohort study","authors":"Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz, German Tapia, Inger J. Bakken, Siri E. Håberg, Hanne L Gulseth, Torild Skrivarhaug, Geir Joner, Lars C Stene","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-220693","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic status in the risk of developing type 1 diabetes seems inconsistent. We investigated whether risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes differed by parental education or occupation in a nationwide cohort. Methods This cohort study included all children born in Norway from 1974 to 2013. In individually linked data from nationwide population registries following children born in Norway up to 15 years of age, we identified 4647 with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes during 15 381 923 person-years of follow-up. Results Children of mothers with a master’s degree had lower risk of type 1 diabetes than children of mothers with completed upper secondary education only (adjusted incidence rate ratio, aIRR=0.82 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.95). There was no difference between upper secondary and lower secondary maternal education (aIRR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.08). Paternal education was not significantly associated with type 1 diabetes, lower secondary compared with upper secondary aIRR 0.96 (0.88–1.05) and master compared with upper secondary aIRR 0.93 (0.83–1.05). While maternal elementary occupation was associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes, specific maternal or paternal occupations were not. Conclusions Our results suggested inverse U-shaped associations between maternal socioeconomic status and risk of type 1 diabetes. Non-linear associations may be part of the reason why previous literature has been inconsistent. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. Norwegian data protection legislation and Act on medical andhealth research do not allow individual level patient data to be shared by the authors. However, all data are accessible to authorised researchers after ethical approval andapplication to the registries via <https://helsedata.no/>, and the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139662061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}