Journal of environmental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Thermogravimetric, kinetic study and gas emissions analysis of the thermal decomposition of waste-derived fuels","authors":"Vadim V. Dorokhov,&nbsp;Galina S. Nyashina,&nbsp;Pavel A. Strizhak","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>A wide range of wastes can potentially be used to generate thermal and electrical energy. The co-combustion of several types of waste as part of water-containing waste-derived fuels is a promising method for their recovery. In this research, we use thermogravimetric analysis<span> and differential scanning calorimetry to study the thermal behavior and kinetics of coal slime, biomass, waste oils, and blends on their basis. We also analyze the concentrations of gaseous emissions. The results show that biomass, oils, and coal slime significantly affect each other in the course of their co-combustion when added to slurry fuels. The preparation of coal-water slurry based on slime and water reduced the ignition and burnout temperature by up to 16%. Adding biomass and waste oils additionally stimulated the slurry ignition and burnout, which occurred at lower temperatures. Relative to dry coal slime, threshold </span></span>ignition temperatures and burnout temperatures decreased by 6%–9% and 17%–25%, respectively. Also, the use of biomass and waste oils as part of slurries inhibited NO</span>_х and SO₂ emission by 2.75 times. According to the kinetic analysis, added biomass and waste turbine oil provide a 28%–51% reduction in the activation energy as compared to a coal-water slurry without additives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 155-171"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal assembly patterns of microbial communities in three parallel bioreactors treating low-concentration coking wastewater with differing carbon source concentrations","authors":"Weijia Li,&nbsp;Yu Xia,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Jie Chang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Pei Wang,&nbsp;Xuwen He","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon source is an important factor of biological treatment systems, the effects of which on their temporal community assembly patterns are not sufficiently understood currently. In this study, the temporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of the communities in three parallel bioreactors<span><span> for low-concentration coking wastewater (CWW) treatment with differing carbon source concentrations (S0 with no glucose addition, S1 with 200 mg/L glucose addition and S2 with 400 mg/L glucose addition) were comprehensively studied. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses including network analysis and Infer Community Assembly Mechanisms by Phylogenetic bin-based null model (iCAMP) were used. The communities of three systems showed turnover rates of 0.0029∼0.0034 every 15 days. Network analysis results showed that the S0 network showed higher positive correlation proportion (71.43%) and clustering coefficient (0.33), suggesting that carbon source shortage in S0 promoted interactions and cooperation of microbes. The neutral community model analysis showed that the immigration rate increased from 0.5247 in S0 to 0.6478 in S2. The iCAMP analysis results showed that drift (45.89%) and homogeneous selection (31.68%) dominated in driving the assembly of all the investigated microbial communities. The contribution of homogeneous selection increased with the increase of carbon source concentrations, from 27.92% in S0 to 36.08% in S2. The OTUs participating in aerobic respiration and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were abundant among the bins mainly affected by deterministic processes, while those related to the metabolism of refractory organic pollutants in CWW such as alkanes, benzenes and phenols were abundant in the bins dominated by </span>stochastic processes.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 455-468"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient reduction and adsorption of Cr(VI) using FeCl3-modified biochar: Synergistic roles of persistent free radicals and Fe(II)","authors":"Shujie Hu ,&nbsp;Chengshuai Liu ,&nbsp;Hongling Bu ,&nbsp;Manjia Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-heng Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Transition metal iron and persistent free radicals (PFRs) both affect the redox properties of biochar, but the electron transfer relationship between them and the coupling reduction mechanism of Cr(VI) requires further investigation. To untangle the interplay between iron and PFRs in biochar and the influences on redox properties, FeCl</span>₃-modified rice husk biochar (FBCs) was prepared and its reduction mechanism for Cr(VI) without light was evaluated. The FBCs had higher surface positive charges, oxygen-containing functional groups, and PFRs compared with pristine rice husk biochar (BC). Phenoxyl PFRs with high electron-donating capability formed in biochar. The pronounced electron paramagnetic resonance signals showed that the PFRs preferred to form at lower Fe(III) concentrations. While a high concentration of Fe(III) would be reduced to Fe(II) and consumed the formed PFRs. Adsorption kinetics and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the FBCs effectively enhanced the Cr(VI) removal efficiency by 1.54-8.20 fold and the Cr(VI) reduction efficiency by 1.88-9.29 fold compared to those of BC. PFRs quenching and competitive reductant addition experiments revealed that the higher Cr(VI) reduction performance of FBCs was mainly attributed to the formed PFRs, which could contribute to ∼74.0% of Cr(VI) reduction by direct or indirect electron transfer. The PFRs on FBCs surfaces could promote the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle through single electron transfer and synergistically accelerate ∼52.3% of Cr(VI) reduction. This study provides an improved understanding of the reduction mechanism of iron-modified biochar PFRs on Cr(VI) in environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 626-638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49764225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full sexual maturity-cycle exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17β-estradiol decreases reproductive capacity of zebrafish","authors":"Yongkang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Qian Sun ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Sheng Chen ,&nbsp;Jingyu Liang ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>17β-Estradiol (E2) has been widely detected in natural water and treatment with E2 induces potential endocrine disrupting effects in fish. However, effects on fish fecundity and steroid system after treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 for the full sexual maturation cycle remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish were treatment with 0, 10 or 100 ng/L E2 from embryo to adult stage, and effects on gonadal development and differentiation, steroid hormone levels, transcription of genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPG) axis in adults and fertilization rate of offspring<span> were assessed. The results showed that treatment with E2 lead to increased number of feminization in zebrafish. In females, E2 decreased cumulative amount of spawning and inhibited the maturation of oocyte. In males, E2 inhibited the maturation and motility of sperm, as well as decreased the movement speed of sperm. These adverse effects on sperm might be responsible for the reduced fertilization observed in offspring. In addition, treatment with E2 changed the levels of steroid hormones in zebrafish gonad and altered the transcriptional levels of genes associated with HPG axis, which is responsible for the regulation of germ cells maturation and gonadal development in zebrafish. Overall, these results suggested that treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 for the full sexual maturity cycle resulted in adverse effects on reproduction in zebrafish.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 580-592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49744770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sludge composition and characteristics shaped microbial community and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Chenxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Tianle Li ,&nbsp;Zhan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiawei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengran Ren ,&nbsp;Xianghua Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment, while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge composition and characteristics on microbial community and performance. The sludge physiochemical indices, microbial community and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized, and their relationships was elucidated. The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR) but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups, namely superior group (SupG) and the inferior group (InfG). In both groups, TH effectively solubilized particulate organic compounds, meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Compared with the SupG, thermal hydrolyzed sludge of InfG had higher level of VFAs, NH₄⁺-N and total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes, leading to a community with lower diversity, lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild, higher protein degrading one, and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates, and further declined the methane production rate. Thus, it was recommended that OLR alone was not sufficient for controlling the system in design and operation, the concentration of VFAs, NH₄⁺-N and tCOD should be equally considered. Their higher concentration, together with the higher abundance of <em>Defluviitoga</em> and <em>Proteiniphilum</em> were recommended as indicators for inferior running condition. Our results proposed that microbial communities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance, provided implications for engineering ecology and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49744750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron–doped bismuth oxybromides as visible−light−responsive Fenton catalysts for the degradation of atrazine in aqueous phases","authors":"Yong-Li Cai ,&nbsp;Yu-Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Ji-Zun Xiang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiu-Xiang He ,&nbsp;Ya-Feng Li ,&nbsp;Jian Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Pesticides and its degradation products, being well–known residues in soil, have recently been detected in many water bodies as pollutants of emerging concerns, and thus there is a contemporary demand to develop viable and cost–effective techniques for the removal of related organic pollutants in aqueous phases. Herein, a visible−light−responsive Fenton system was constructed with iron–doped bismuth oxybromides (Fe–BiOBr) as the catalysts. Taking the advantage of sustainable Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion and optimized H</span>₂O₂ utilization, the optimal Fe–BiOBr–2 catalyst showed an excellent atrazine removal efficiency of 97.61% in 120 min, which is superior than the traditional homogeneous Fenton and the majority of heterogeneous processes documented in the literature. In this photo–Fenton system, hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide (·O₂^–) radicals were dominant active species contributed to the oxidative degradation of atrazine. Due to the production of various active radicals, five degradation pathways were proposed based on the identification of intermediates and degradation products. Overall, this work not only demonstrates a fundamental insight into creating highly efficient and atom economic photo−Fenton systems, but also provides a complementary strategy for the treatment of organic pollutants in water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49744766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of the C/TiO2 composite with a high-performance electrochemical property from titanium-rich sludge via in-situ C coating","authors":"Hualong Wu ,&nbsp;Yanxia Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiexi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Li ,&nbsp;Kaimin Shih ,&nbsp;Xuguang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resource recycling from waste-water and sludge is an important part of the 14th Five-Year Plan in China. The emerging titanium-based coagulants have drawn growing attentions due to their strong coagulation capability in water purification and value-added Ti-loaded sludge production. Management and recovery of the high value-added sludge into functional nanomaterials is highly significant for both sludge reduction and environmental remediation. The present study was carried out to investigate the recycle of the coagulated Ti-loaded sludge to produce functional C/TiO₂ composites as the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It is the first time that the application of the Ti-loaded wastewater sludge derived C/TiO₂ was evaluated for LIBs. The experimental results showed that the carbon coating through <em>in-situ</em> carbonization of the sludge produced the C/TiO₂ composites with a high specific surface area, stable structural integrity, and excellent electrochemical properties that would facilitate Li⁺ diffusion in long-term LIBs usage. The C/TiO₂ composites calcinated from the polytitanium sulfate-coagulated sludge at 800°C (N₂) exhibited the best electrochemical performance during the cycling tests (601 mAh/g at 100 mA/g after 200 cycles). The research work demonstrates the promising prospect of the recycle and value-added utilization of the Ti-loaded sludge in the production of high-performance C/TiO₂ composites for energy storage applications. This study provides a new way for the management and reuse of Ti-loaded waste-sludge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49764197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"circRNAs deregulation in exosomes derived from BEAS-2B cells is associated with vascular stiffness induced by PM2.5","authors":"Qingping Liu ,&nbsp;Yaling Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Han ,&nbsp;Mengruo Wang ,&nbsp;Huaifang Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Ning ,&nbsp;Wentao Hu ,&nbsp;Meiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yaxian Pang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Bao ,&nbsp;Yujie Niu ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>As an environmental pollutant, ambient fine particulate matter (PM</span>_2.5) was linked to cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms underlying PM_2.5-induced extrapulmonary disease has not been elucidated clearly. In this study the ambient PM_2.5 exposure mice model we established was to explore adverse effects of vessel and potential mechanisms. Long-term PM_2.5 exposure caused reduced lung function and vascular stiffness in mice. And chronic PM_2.5 induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in BEAS-2B cells. After PM_2.5 treatment, the circRNAs and mRNAs levels of exosomes released by BEAS-2B cells were detected by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) array, which contained 1664 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) and 308 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs). By bioinformatics analysis on host genes of DE-circRNAs, vascular diseases and some pathways related to vascular diseases including focal adhesion, tight junction and adherens junction were enriched. Then, ceRNA network was constructed, and DE-mRNAs in ceRNA network were conducted functional enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, which indicated that hsa_circ_0012627, hsa_circ_0053261 and hsa_circ_0052810 were related to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, it was verified experimentally that Exo^PM2.5 could induce endothelial dysfunction by increased endothelial permeability and decreased relaxation <em>in vitro</em>. In present study, we investigated in-depth knowledge into the molecule events related to PM_2.5 toxicity and pathogenesis of vascular diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 527-539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49745122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetal MOF-derived NiFe-P nanocomposites coupled with Cu3P nanoparticles to construct tandem electron transfer channels for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Haiyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shitao Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhu ,&nbsp;Senpei Tang ,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Finely modulated light-induced charge separation and transfer is a central challenge to achieve efficient photocatalysis. Although progress has been made in this field, most of the previous research works focused on the separation or migration of photogenerated carriers but did not build a bridge between the two. How to realize the strong driving and precise migration of carriers has become the focus of our work. We report an ingeniously designed ternary heterojunction. Taking NiFe-MOF as the “parent material”, the FeP₄/Ni_xP_y heterojunction is derived in situ while maintaining the frame structure through gas-solid reaction, and finally the Z-type electron transfer is realized. With Cu₃P anchoring spindle matrix, an electron transport tunnel is opened up in Cu₃P/FeP₄/Ni_xP_y ternary heterojunction under the action of p-n heterojunction built-in electric field driving and accurate energy band matching. The strong driving force of the built-in electric field provides an inexhaustible power for the transmission of electrons, and the fine series of electron transmission channels realizes the precise transmission of electrons. The above fine design makes the perfect fit between the built-in electric field and the electron transfer channel, which not only effectively improves the embarrassing situation of insufficient electron driving force of hydrogen evolution reaction in the previous research, but also makes up for the weakening of semiconductor reduction ability caused by the construction of traditional p-n heterostructures. This research work provides a new idea for the construction of multiple heterostructures and the design of fine interface engineering in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 333-346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-porous g-C3N4 micro-tube coupled with MXene (Ti3C2TX) nanosheets for efficient degradation of organics under natural sunlight","authors":"Zongyang Ya ,&nbsp;Qiyou Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjin Cai ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhiyin Cai ,&nbsp;Shanglin Xiang ,&nbsp;Tingwei Wang ,&nbsp;Dongyu Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It remains as a challenge for realizing efficient photo-responsive catalysts towards large-scale degradation of organic pollutants under natural sunlight. This work reports a new pore engineering strategy for creating ultra-porous g-C₃N₄ micro-tubes with an unprecedentedly high specific surface area of 152.96 m²/g. This is mainly associated with releasing internal vapor pressure in the autoclave where the hydrothermal treatment of the urea/melamine mixture is processed. Supported by microscopic observation, porosity measurement and spectroscopic characterization, it is found that releasing the pressure at halfway of hydrothermal process is vital for forming exfoliated rod-like precursors and the de-aggregation of these rods presents substantial benefits on the production of mesopores on g-C₃N₄ micro-tubes during the calcination of precursors. This offers a large number of reactive sites required by photocatalytic reaction. Coupling these micro-tubes with Ti₃C₂T_X nanosheets via electrostatic interaction yields a 1D/2D heterojunction with a close interfacial contact. The addition of metallically conductive Ti₃C₂T_X nanosheets accelerates the separation between electrons and holes, and also enhances the light absorption. All these merits of structural design lead to forming a group of highly efficient catalysts demonstrating an excellent photocatalytic degradation rate of <em>k</em> = 0.0560 min⁻¹ for RhB dyes under 100 mW/cm² visible light radiation that micks sunlight outdoors. This laboratory valuation is further supported by an outdoor test that shows a fast degradation rate of 0.0744 min⁻¹ under natural sunlight.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15774,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental sciences","volume":"137 ","pages":"Pages 258-270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49745112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}