Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)最新文献_第5页

Fermentation of Microalgae Biomass through Mild Acid Pretreatment for Bioethanol Production 微藻生物质温和酸预处理发酵生产生物乙醇

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2019-02-10 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.27

L. Chng, K. S. Teo, D. Chan, Keat-Teong Lee, Pey Yi Toh

{"title":"Fermentation of Microalgae Biomass through Mild Acid Pretreatment for Bioethanol Production","authors":"L. Chng, K. S. Teo, D. Chan, Keat-Teong Lee, Pey Yi Toh","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion of microalgae biomass to bioethanol is actively being researched to establish a cost effective and sustainable production technology. The main challenge is to break down the carbohydrates content in the biomass to obtain fermentable sugar for subsequent fermentation process. This study focuses on the effectiveness of the usage phosphoric acid pretreatment and capability of Saccharomyces diastaticus as the fermentation microbe to produce ethanol. Scenedesmus dimorphus microalgae biomass was used as the feedstock due to its high carbohydrate content. Mild acid hydrolysis at various conditions were carried out on biomass and the hydrolysates were subjected to fermentation. The optimum condition of acid pre-treatment using phosphoric acid was determined in this study. Based on the results, bioethanol yield of 94% was obtained at optimum condition of 2.5% v/v phosphoric acid at temperature of 120 °C for 30 min. This study proved that combination of phosphoric acid pre-treatment process with Saccharomyces diastaticus yeast provides a practicable method for the production of bioethanol from microalgae.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91452566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Design and Application of Silica Micro-Clusters for Microalgae Separation 微藻分离二氧化硅微团簇的设计与应用

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2019-02-10 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.31

K. Tan, L. Chng, S. Leong, J. K. Lim, Chan D.J.C., M. Masrul, Pey Yi Toh

{"title":"Design and Application of Silica Micro-Clusters for Microalgae Separation","authors":"K. Tan, L. Chng, S. Leong, J. K. Lim, Chan D.J.C., M. Masrul, Pey Yi Toh","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication has attracted social’s attention as it is a worldwide problem in freshwater aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, cultivation of microalgae in nutrient-rich medium can serve as wastewater treatment as they remove the pollutants from aquatic environment and the microalgal biomass can produce biofuels or other valuable bioproducts. Although microalgae harvesting by gravity sedimentation method is less expensive but it promotes slow sedimentation rate and increases the possibility of biomass deteriorates during harvesting process. In this research, the silica micro-clusters (SMCs) was being synthesized and surface functionalized by positively charged chitosan to improve the attachment with microalgal cells in order to promote rapid microalgae removal through sedimentation. The cell removal efficiency of Chlorella sp. can reach up to 99.41 ± 0.64 % by using 1 g/L of surface functionalized SMCs (SF-Si). Moreover, it also tended to promote high rate of cell sedimentation at 22.71 ± 3.02 cm/h which was about 162 times faster than self-sedimentation. This method of silica-aided-sedimentation (SAS) had proven effective to harvest the multi-species microalgal cells which collected from Tualang lake, Perak, and achieved cell separation efficiency up to 100% by 80 mg/L of SF-Si.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91512660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Utilization of Pineapples Waste Enzyme for the Improvement of Hydrolysis Solubility in Aquaculture Sludge 利用菠萝废酶提高水产养殖污泥的水解溶解度

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2019-02-10 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.29

M. Syahirah, R. Nazaitulshila

{"title":"The Utilization of Pineapples Waste Enzyme for the Improvement of Hydrolysis Solubility in Aquaculture Sludge","authors":"M. Syahirah, R. Nazaitulshila","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.29","url":null,"abstract":"High volumes of sludge discharge from the aquaculture industry have relatively high pollutant content that may lead to severe local environmental problems. Anaerobic digestion is one of the technologies for sludge treatment that might be an efficient method to reduce salty aquaculture sludge production load. However, hydrolysis solubility is becoming a limitation step during the anaerobic digestion process when the occurrence of intermediate accumulation resulted from the conversion of non-soluble biopolymers to soluble organic compounds. Thus, pretreatment is required to increase the solubilization of pollutant parameters from aquaculture sludge before it is further treated in the anaerobic treatment. Therefore, this study focuses on the production of biocatalytic enzyme from the fermentation of pre-consumer supermarket waste such as pineapple dregs to increase the solubility of aquaculture sludge. The fermentation of the pineapples waste was produced via a three-month fermentation of the mixture of molasses, pineapple dregs and water, with the ratio of 1:3:10 in a tight plastic container. Apart from that, analyses showed that the enzyme possessed lipase, amylase and protease activity. The sludge solubilization pretreatment was performed at different pH values, with treatment time for 120 hours and the solubilization was evaluated by determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) solubilization; the solubilization of COD and TAN increased by 80% and 50%, respectively. This finding showed that the pineapple enzyme has the capability to solubilize organic compound, which has the potential to improve hydrolysis in further anaerobic digestion process.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73261052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Premilinary Results: Heterogeneous Reaction of Epoxidation Palm Kernal Oil 初步结果:棕榈仁油的非均相环氧化反应

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2019-02-10 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2-2.32

M. Jalil, I. S. Azmi, Arif Aminuddin Ahmad Zulkifli, Mohamad Helmi Mohd Asbi

引用次数: 0

HAZOP Study and Risk Reduction Strategy for Herbal Processing Industry 草药加工业HAZOP研究及降低风险策略

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2018-11-25 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2.22

K. Kidam, Mohamad Fazli Masri, N. Salleh, M. H. Hassim, N. Adzman, S. Shahlan, H. Kamarden

{"title":"HAZOP Study and Risk Reduction Strategy for Herbal Processing Industry","authors":"K. Kidam, Mohamad Fazli Masri, N. Salleh, M. H. Hassim, N. Adzman, S. Shahlan, H. Kamarden","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal processing industries in Malaysia grow very rapidly in the recent years. Malaysia has a promising potential and huge marker demand on herbal medicine, as an alternative to the conventional medicine. This is supported by the abundance availability of various biological heritage and herbal corps, as well as the subsistence of herbal processing facilities in the country. Despite the rapid growth of herbal processing industries in Malaysia, safety and health compliance issue should not be compromised. Every aspect related to personnel and process safety shall be complied as required under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. Improper handling of critical processing unit operation can lead to major accident such as fire and explosion. However, knowledge concerning process safety in herbal processing industry is still lacking. The objective of this study is to recommend a safer practice in herbal processing industry, by performing hazard and operability study (HAZOP) as a tool to propose possible design solution based on process safety hierarchy perspective. As a result, several risk reduction strategies for critical equipment were managed to be proposed and classified according to process safety hierarchy. This study will finally discover the element of knowledge ‘safe by design’ for process and equipment to be enhanced into the herbal processing knowledge and technology development.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86869521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy Efficiency Study, Comparing, Commercial Grade Propane/Butane Blend; Refrigerant Grade Propane and Chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2), Investigated in a Psychrometric Chamber 工业级丙烷/丁烷共混物的能效研究与比较冷媒级丙烷和氯二氟甲烷(CHClF2)，在干湿室中研究

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2018-11-25 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2.17

Z. Zakaria, D. Veerasamy, J. H. Koh

{"title":"Energy Efficiency Study, Comparing, Commercial Grade Propane/Butane Blend; Refrigerant Grade Propane and Chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2), Investigated in a Psychrometric Chamber","authors":"Z. Zakaria, D. Veerasamy, J. H. Koh","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The current use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as refrigerants will be phaseout and phasedown. Hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants were introduced as potential replacements. These refrigerant grade hydrocarbons namely propane (R 290) and isobutane (R 600a) were on sale at premium prices. As Malaysia has capabilities to produce LPG, a study was conducted to find out the suitability of commercial liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to be used as refrigerant. This study compares the efficiencies and cooling capacities of commercial grade LPG to refrigerant grade propane (C3H8) and chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) (R 22) in a split unit air conditioner installed in a psychrometric chamber. Results of experiments indicated that the commercial blends in the ratio of 80% propane and 20% butane provided the highest efficiency, but had the lowest cooling capacities; in contrast, the imported refrigerant grade propane despite value being purer, was not reflected in term of its efficiency; recorded the lowest. CHClF2 provided the highest efficiency and cooling capacity. LPG has the potential to replace R22 in split air conditioners despite losing 10 % in cooling capacities but instead gained 2.6% in energy efficiencies. ","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75922981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis on the Effect of Capacitor Banks Operation towards Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) in Distribution Network Test System 配电网测试系统中电容器组运行对总谐波畸变的影响分析

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2018-11-25 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2.21

Dalila, Zaris I.M.Y., A. Nasarudin, H. Faridah

{"title":"Analysis on the Effect of Capacitor Banks Operation towards Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) in Distribution Network Test System","authors":"Dalila, Zaris I.M.Y., A. Nasarudin, H. Faridah","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper purposely to examine and analyse the impact of the distribution capacitors banks operation to the transition of total harmonic distortion (THD) level in distribution network system. The main advantage of this work is the simplicity algorithm of the method and the system being analysed using free access open software which is known as electric power distribution system simulator (OpenDSS). In this paper, the harmonic current spectrum which is collected from the commercial site was injected to a node point on IEEE13 bus in order to provide the initial measurement of THD for the network. The proper sizing of the capacitors banks has been set and being deactivated and activated throughout the network to see the transistion in the THD level in the system. The results were achieved by simulation of the data on the configured IEEE13 bus. The simulation work was done by using the combination of C++ source codes, OpenDSS and Microsoft Excel software. From the output results, the THD current has increased up to two times from the initial value in certain phases and for the THD voltage, the THD has increased up to three times from its initial value in all phases.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"32 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73195894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing Energy Performance in Oil and Gas Industry through Systematic Implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs by Applying an Operational Excellence Model 通过应用卓越运营模式系统地实施能源效率计划，提高石油和天然气行业的能源绩效

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2018-11-25 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2.20

H. K. M., Ng D. K. S, M. H. Hassim

{"title":"Advancing Energy Performance in Oil and Gas Industry through Systematic Implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs by Applying an Operational Excellence Model","authors":"H. K. M., Ng D. K. S, M. H. Hassim","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Energy performance has becoming one of the top global discussion subjects due to the facts of hiked in fossil fuel price, changed in living standards, increased in Green House Gas (GHG) awareness as well as fair business practices such as subsidies and environment regulations. It has pushed societal expectations on oil companies’ especially National Oil Companies (NOCs) located in Middle East to rigorously conserve energy and explore ways to enhance its performance. In current industrial practice, Energy Efficiency Programs (EEP) is one of typical initiatives that have been evolving since the late 1990s. However, its progress has just been seen and unfortunately, NOCs are far away from a matured management in addressing EEP expectations. Most of NOCs consider EEP as an ambition, rather than a condition applying to all levels of the businesses. In fact, cost reduction is a main focus rather than to execute right energy conservation strategies and more seriously, lack of a dedicated focus to efficiently use energy resources. This paper presents a methodology that can induce rapid deployment and implementation of a customized EEP. The methodology requires to embed the EEP into the Operation Excellence Model (OEM), a well structured organization’ management framework model as defined by European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM). Since OEM is company-wide initiative, therefore it can be a perfect vehicle to drive EEP in reaching maturity. Through a successful case study, this methodology has proven to drastically improve the implementation pace of EEP and drive tremendous reduction in energy consumption as well as GHG emissions.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79168708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Identify Energy Savings Opportunities from Operational “Self-Help “and “Quick Fix” Optimization Approaches 从操作“自助”和“快速修复”优化方法中识别节能机会

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2018-11-25 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2.19

M HashimK., S NgD.K., M. H. Hassim

{"title":"Identify Energy Savings Opportunities from Operational “Self-Help “and “Quick Fix” Optimization Approaches","authors":"M HashimK., S NgD.K., M. H. Hassim","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to describe the importance of formation of a pragmatic Energy Optimization Program (EOP) at the concerned oil and gas facilities. Substantial amount of energy savings can be realized by focusing on initiatives that require no investment or so called “self-help” that can easily be implemented without further a due. A “quick fix” initiative involves a nominal investment; it can also be easily executed without the need for detailed project justification. Given the increasing expectations to oil and gas organizations to maintain a competitive edge in the modern global economy have caused the instability of crude oil as the world’s major commercial energy source for the next coming years and greater commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Regardless of during high or low crude oil price, energy is certainly a critical business continuity driver for both users and producers. Having significantly greater EOP to explore energy savings opportunities require many efforts including new efficient equipment, new technology, new processes and approaches which should be given a priority. Ideally, EOP focused team shall effectively participate in early design stage of project, so that all significant energy efficiency concepts will be considered in the design. In reality, many energy efficiency efforts may be missed out as a result of loose energy efficiency definition, less competency of design engineers, hectic project schedule and/or resource constraint.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90557652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Characterization of Sago-based Biochar as Potential Feedstock for Solid Fuel sago基生物炭作为固体燃料潜在原料的特性研究

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) Pub Date : 2018-11-25 DOI: 10.11113/JEST.V1N2.16

Jakaria Rambli, W. Ghani, M. Salleh

{"title":"Characterization of Sago-based Biochar as Potential Feedstock for Solid Fuel","authors":"Jakaria Rambli, W. Ghani, M. Salleh","doi":"10.11113/JEST.V1N2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/JEST.V1N2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Due to decreasing supply of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns, the application of biomass-derived energy is gaining in importance nowadays. In this study, batch pyrolysis was used to derive biochar from Sago (Metroxylon Spp) in an electrical furnance reactor. Raw biomass was selected from different sources of Sago palm including barks, fronds and cortex and the characterization was conducted for each source individually. The range between 350 ºC and 550 ºC temperature, the materials were pyrolyzed and with constant nitrogen flow rate of 50 mL min-1. Each sample of biochar produced are evaluated through proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study its potential as solid fuel for energy production. The pH value of biochar was also calculated experimentally. The total yield following by the amount of ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon content and high heating value (calorific value) were obtained in the results of all three biochar samples. Various pyrolysis temperatures resulted in different char production yield and therefore the carbon content of the produced biochars were varied within the range of 40 to 53 wt. % which is corresponded to 35 to 40 wt. % of the carbon content in biomass samples. The pH of biochar was observed to increase from 7 to 8.3 with temperature rised from 350 ºC to 550 ºC. The results from this study can be used to establish the ideal utilization routes of biomass in production of biochar as well as the source of energy.","PeriodicalId":15706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90290924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3