Journal of Epileptology最新文献

{"title":"EEG characteristics of déjà vu phenomenon","authors":"A. Chervyakov, V. V. Gnezditskii, P. Vlasov, G. Kalmykova","doi":"10.1515/JOEPI-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JOEPI-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Introduction Déjà vu (DV, from French “already seen”) is an aberration of psychic activity associated with transitory erroneous perception of novel circumstances, objects, or people as already known. Aim Investigation of clinical and diagnostic significance of derealization episodes in epilepsy. Materials and methods The study involved 166 individuals (mean age 25.2 ± 9.2 yrs; 63.2% women). DV episodes were characterized and compared in groups of healthy volunteers (n = 139) and epilepsy patients (n = 27). The subjects participated in a survey concerning déjà vu characteristics and in a long-time ambulatory EEG monitoring (12-16 h). Results In epilepsy patients, DV episodes were equally frequent in cryptogenic and symptomatic focal epilepsy, occurred in combination with nearly all types of seizures, and could occur both as an aura and as an individual seizure. The major clinical features distinguishing DV in healthy subjects from DV in epilepsy patients were the frequency and emotional perception of DV episodes, and preceding fear. A critical diagnostic marker is the dynamics of DV characteristics: an increase in frequency and duration, negative emotional background. In EEG, DV episodes in patients began with polyspike activity in the right temporal lobe and, in some cases, ended with slow-wave theta-delta activity in the right hemisphere. Conclusion Our combined clinical and electrophysiological investigation identified two separate DV types: epileptic Déjà Vu characteristic of epilepsy patients and equivalent to an epileptic seizure, and non-epileptic Déjà Vu occurring in healthy individuals, which is basically a psychological phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":15683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epileptology","volume":"7 1","pages":"27 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82106546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobiological and clinical predictors of remission and antiepileptic treatment efficacy in partial epilepsies","authors":"V. Kalinin, A. Zemlyanaya, E. Zheleznova, L. Sokolova","doi":"10.1515/JOEPI-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JOEPI-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Introduction The current knowledge of significance of some neurobiological and clinical variables in the prediction of remission length and seizures reduction in partial epilepsies remains sparse and even controversial. Aim The current study has been carried out in order to evaluate the possible relationship between epilepsy forms, gender, focus lateralization and handedness with therapeutic remission and seizures reduction during antiepileptic treatment in persons with partial forms of epilepsy. Material and methods One hundred and eight patients were studied. Handedness was evaluated using the Annett’s scale. Focus lateralization was detected by use of the EEG. Of the patients studied temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was diagnosed in 61 cases and frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) in 47 cases. There were 44 men and 64 women, of which 83 were right-handed and 25 were left-handed. A left-sided focus was detected in 59 persons whilst a right-sided focus was noted in 49 persons. MANOVA was used for the analysis of interrelationship between four nominal fixed factors (epilepsy forms, gender, handedness, and focus laterality) and dependent variables of therapeutic remission and percentage seizures reduction. Results A favorable prognostic significance of FLE vs TLE was observed. In contrast gender, handedness, and focus laterality had no influence on the dependent variables when analyzed separately. However, when two, three and four independent variables were combined an influence on the dependent variables was observed; and some combinations may be used for prediction purposes of therapeutic remission and percentage in seizure reduction. The FLE in the men with the right-handedness and the left focus (FLE·M·Rh·LF) resulted in the maximal length of therapeutic remission and maximal seizures reduction, while the other combinations have resulted in less favorable treatment results. The TLE·M·Rh·RF and TLE·M·Lh·LF were the worst combinations for the remission length and TLE · Fe · Lh · LF for the seizures reduction. Conclusions The current study revealed the significance of combinations of some neurobiological and clinical variables in prediction of therapeutic remission and percent of seizures reduction irrespective of used antiepileptic drugs. These results may be used so as to aid patient selection before drug treatment in order to form the homogenous groups of persons.","PeriodicalId":15683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epileptology","volume":"100 1","pages":"15 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85182483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Unexpected Death In Epilepsy (SUDEP) – an update","authors":"J. Majkowski","doi":"10.1515/JOEPI-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JOEPI-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Introduction SUDEP is not so rare event, unexplained, underused and underestimated. Its awareness has recently contributed to a number of initiatives for global action and clinical and experimental research. Aim To undertake a literature review so as to update various aspects of SUDEP: pathophysiological mechanisms, potential markers for autonomic dysfunctions and risk factors, AEDs effects, non-AED management options, forensic/autopsy, patient-physician communications in patients with SUDEP risk. Method A literature review, up to Nov. 2012, was conducted using PubMed-Medline for SUDEP, no indexed citation and relevant papers. Review Interactions between the central and peripheral origin of cardiac and respiratory dysfunctions, triggered by epileptiform discharges in the cortical representation of the autonomic functions, may lead to SUDEP during simple partial autonomic seizures - even without other components of a seizure. A number of potential biomarkers of autonomic dysfunctions and risk of SUDEP are identified and proposed to use in its prevention: heart rate variability, long and short QT, arrhythmias, asystole, oxygen desaturation, apneas, hypoxia, postictal EEG suppression, circadian seizure pattern. Conclusions Risk factors for SUDEP, AEDs effects, non-AED management of preventive options and forensic autopsy in diagnosis of SUDEP are discussed. Periictal long term video EEG, ECG and oxygen saturation monitoring may contribute to better understanding of SUDEP mechanisms and eventually to its prevention. SUDEP occurs as fatal coexistence of several predisposing risk factors. Diagnosis of SUDEP is underestimated and underused. In patient with high risk factors for SUDEP, in particular, with AED noncompliance, prognosis of epilepsy should be discussed with patient.","PeriodicalId":15683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epileptology","volume":"6 1","pages":"37 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89518080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}