{"title":"Nanoscale Biomolecular Detection Limit for Gold Nanoparticles Based on Near-Infrared Response","authors":"M. D’Acunto, D. Moroni, O. Salvetti","doi":"10.1155/2012/278194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/278194","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles have been widely used during the past few years in various technical and biomedical applications. In particular, the resonance optical properties of nanometer-sized particles have been employed to design biochips and biosensors used as analytical tools. The optical properties of nonfunctionalized gold nanoparticles and core-gold nanoshells play a crucial role for the design of biosensors where gold surface is used as a sensing component. Gold nanoparticles exhibit excellent optical tunability at visible and near-infrared frequencies leading to sharp peaks in their spectral extinction. In this paper, we study how the optical properties of gold nanoparticles and core-gold nanoshells are changed as a function of different sizes, shapes, composition, and biomolecular coating with characteristic shifts towards the near-infrared region. We show that the optical tenability can be carefully tailored for particle sizes falling in the range 100–150 nm. The results should improve the design of sensors working at the detection limit.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115763657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of Series Resistance in Modelling of High-Temperature Type II Superlattice p-i-n Photodiodes","authors":"J. Wróbel, P. Martyniuk, A. Rogalski","doi":"10.1155/2012/926365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/926365","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze some of the consequences of omitting series resistance in InAs/GaSb p-i-n T2SL photodiode dark current modelling, using simplified p-n junction model. Our considerations are limited to generation-recombination and diffusion-effective carrier lifetimes to show the possible scale of over- or underestimating photodiodes parameters in high-temperature region. As is shown, incorrect series resistance value might cause discrepancies in and 's estimations over one order of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125012484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Porosity and Inclusion Detection in CFRP by Infrared Thermography","authors":"C. Toscano, C. Meola, M. Iorio, G. Carlomagno","doi":"10.1155/2012/765953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/765953","url":null,"abstract":"The ever wide use of composite materials in the aeronautical industry has evidenced the need for development of ever more effective nondestructive evaluation methodologies in order to reduce rejected parts and to optimize production costs. Infrared thermography has been recently enclosed amongst the standardized non destructive testing techniques, but its usefulness needs still complete assessment since it can be employed in several different arrangements and for many purposes. In this work, the possibility to detect slag inclusions and porosity is analyzed with both lock-in themography and pulse thermography in the transmission mode. To this end, carbon-fiber-peinforced polymers different specimens are specifically fabricated of several different stacking sequences and with embedded slag inclusions and porosity percentages. As main results, both of the techniques are found definitely able to reveal the presence of the defects above mentioned. Moreover, these techniques could be considered complementary in order to better characterize the nature of the detected defects.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116847980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of 1.55 μm Wavelength Single-Mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Output under External Optical Injection","authors":"Kyong-Hon Kim, S. Lee, V. M. Deshmukh","doi":"10.1155/2012/247070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/247070","url":null,"abstract":"We review the temporal dynamics of the laser output spectrum and polarization state of 1.55 μm wavelength single-mode (SM) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) induced by external optical beam injection. Injection of an external continuous-wave laser beam to a gain-switched SM VCSEL near the resonance wavelength corresponding to its main polarization-mode output was critical for improvement of its laser pulse generation characteristics, such as pulse timing-jitter reduction, linewidth narrowing, pulse amplitude enhancement, and pulse width shortening. Pulse injection of pulse width shorter than the cavity photon lifetime into the SM VCSEL in the orthogonal polarization direction with respect to its main polarization mode caused temporal delay of the polarization recovery after polarization switching (PS), and its delay was found to be the minimum at an optimized bias current. Polarization-mode bistability was observed even in the laser output of an SM VCSEL of a standard circularly cylindrical shape and used for all-optical flip-flop operations with set and reset injection pulses of very low pulse energy of order of the 3.5~4.5 fJ.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130368313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonic Technologies for Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Signals","authors":"B. Vidal, T. Nagatsuma, N. Gomes, T. Darcie","doi":"10.1155/2012/925065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/925065","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber optic components offer a competitive implementation for applications exploiting the millimeter-wave and THz regimes due to their capability for implementing broadband, compact, and cost-effective systems. In this paper, an outline of the latest technology developments and applications of fiber-optic-based technologies for the generation, transmission, and processing of high-frequency radio signals is provided.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Quality Growth of GaInNAs for Application to Near-Infrared Laser Diodes","authors":"M. Kondow, F. Ishikawa","doi":"10.1155/2012/754546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/754546","url":null,"abstract":"GaInNAs was proposed and created in 1995. It can be grown pseudomorphically on a GaAs substrate and is a light-emitting material with a bandgap energy that corresponds to near infrared. By combining GaInNAs with GaAs, an ideal band lineup for laser-diode application is achieved. This paper presents the reproducible growth of high-quality GaInNAs by molecular beam epitaxy. Examining the effect of nitrogen introduction and its correlation with impurity incorporation, we find that Al is unintentionally incorporated into the epitaxial layer even though the Al cell shutter is closed, followed by the concomitant incorporation of O and C. A gas-phase-scattering model can explain this phenomenon, suggesting that a large amount of N2 gas causes the scattering of residual Al atoms with occasional collisions resulting in the atoms being directed toward the substrate. Hence, the reduction of the sublimated Al beam during the growth period can suppress the incorporation of unintentional impurities, resulting in a highly pure epitaxial layer.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129588359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pluchon, N. Huby, A. Moreac, P. Panizza, B. Bêche
{"title":"From Fabrication to Characterization of 3D Organic Microresonators: A Complementary Alliance of Microfluidics and Optics","authors":"D. Pluchon, N. Huby, A. Moreac, P. Panizza, B. Bêche","doi":"10.1155/2012/767836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/767836","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a preview of targeted current research on organic optofluidic materials and devices devoted to 3D photonics microresonators (MRs). First, such an approach takes advantage from a significant know-how on optical simulations of 3D spherical MRs by complementary and coupled ways based on electromagnetism and quantum mechanics principle. Such simulations have allowed to preset the quantization of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) and to define a new formulation of optical caustics in global 3D MRs cavities. Leaning from these simulations, an interdisciplinary approach has been achieved by combining microfluidics techniques and thin layer processes that allowed with flow rates control the realization of 3D droplets MRs of several tens of micrometers in radii. Finally, free-space optical characterizations have been performed on such 3D polymeric MRs by judicious protocols based, respectively, on a modified Raman spectroscopy laser excitation and an adequate direct beam waist optical coupling. Spectral analysis on such 3D MRs of various sizes confirms the excitation of the expected WGMs revealing free spectral range (FSR) and caustics values close to the analytical ones.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126028019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Meola, G. Carlomagno, C. Bonavolontà, M. Valentino
{"title":"Monitoring Composites under Bending Tests with Infrared Thermography","authors":"C. Meola, G. Carlomagno, C. Bonavolontà, M. Valentino","doi":"10.1155/2012/720813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/720813","url":null,"abstract":"The attention of the present paper is focused on the use of an infrared imaging device to monitor the thermal response of composite materials under cyclic bending. Three types of composites are considered including an epoxy matrix reinforced with either carbon fibres (CFRP) or glass fibres (GFRP) and a hybrid composite involving glass fibres and aluminium layers (FRML). The specimen surface, under bending, displays temperature variations pursuing the load variations with cooling down under tension and warming up under compression; such temperature variations are in agreement with the bending moment. It has been observed that the amplitude of temperature variations over the specimen surface depends on the material characteristics. In particular, the presence of a defect inside the material affects the temperature distribution with deviation from the usual bending moment trend.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, T. Kawanishi, Y. Okamura
{"title":"X-Cut LiNbO 3 Optical Modulators Using Gap-Embedded Patch-Antennas for Wireless-Over-Fiber Systems","authors":"Y. N. Wijayanto, H. Murata, T. Kawanishi, Y. Okamura","doi":"10.1155/2012/383212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/383212","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an -cut LiNbO3 optical modulator using gap-embedded patch-antennas for wireless-over-fiber systems. The proposed device is composed of an array of narrow-gap-embedded patch-antennas and an optical waveguide located at the center of the gap without a buffer layer. The modulation efficiency of the proposed -cut LiNbO3 optical modulators was enhanced by 6 dB compared to the -cut LiTaO3-based devices.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127379075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Corsi, A. Dundee, P. Laurenzi, N. Liberatore, D. Luciani, S. Mengali, A. Mercuri, Andrea Pifferi, M. Simeoni, G. Tosone, R. Viola, D. Zintu
{"title":"Chemical Warfare Agents Analyzer Based on Low Cost, Room Temperature, and Infrared Microbolometer Smart Sensors","authors":"C. Corsi, A. Dundee, P. Laurenzi, N. Liberatore, D. Luciani, S. Mengali, A. Mercuri, Andrea Pifferi, M. Simeoni, G. Tosone, R. Viola, D. Zintu","doi":"10.1155/2012/808541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/808541","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced IR emitters and sensors are under development for high detection probability, low false alarm rate, and identification capability of toxic gases. One of the most reliable techniques to identify the gas species is absorption spectroscopy, especially in the medium infrared spectral range, where most of existing toxic compounds exhibit their strongest rotovibrational absorption bands. Following the results obtained from simulations and analysis of expected absorption spectra, a compact nondispersive infrared multispectral system has been designed and developed for security applications. It utilizes a few square millimeters thermal source, a novel design multipass cell, and a smart architecture microbolometric sensor array coupled to a linear variable spectral filter to perform toxic gases detection and identification. This is done by means of differential absorption spectroscopic measurements in the spectral range of the midinfrared. Experimental tests for sensitivity and selectivity have been done with various chemical agents (CAs) gases and a multiplicity of vapour organic compounds (VOCs). Detection capability down to ppm has been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"110 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116701205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}