Journal of Earth Science最新文献

{"title":"Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of the Uppermost Aptian–Lower Cenomanian Strata from the Lut Block, East Iran","authors":"Javad Sharifi, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, Maryam Mortazavi Mehrizi, Maryam Motamedalshariati","doi":"10.1007/s12583-023-1911-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1911-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Mid-Cretaceous interval has been recognized as a crucial period in Earth’s history, and a number of studies on Neo-Tethyan successions illustrate intense evolutions in the nature of Mid-Cretaceous ocean chemistry, sea level, and marine faunal communities. However, much less investigations have been conducted in the Sistan Ocean, in the eastern Neo-Tethys. Here, the Nimbolook Section (Lut Block, central Iran) has provided an opportunity to address these shortcomings and provide a better understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in this region. The biostratigraphic analysis and age interpretation of the Nimbolook Section have been performed in earlier investigations by means of planktonic foraminifera, ammonites and calcareous nannofossils. This provides a reliable age framework for the chemostratigraphic interpretations. In the Nimbolook Section, the δ¹³C stratigraphy was carried out on a total of 41 samples, which ranged between −3.26‰ and 2.86‰ with an average of 1.09‰ (standard deviation = 1.15‰), and expanded within the upper Aptian to lower Cenomanian stages. However, there is a prominent negative shift at the base of the section, accompanied by episodes of sea-level fluctuations. Notably, according to the age-diagnostic calcareous nannofossils records, this carbon isotope negative shift (0.88‰ to −3.26‰) straddle between late Aptian and early Albian ages. Furthermore, these new chemostratigraphic observations could be interpreted as being the coeval data from the reference well-studied successions in the other parts of the world, tentatively reflecting the oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1b.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile Behavior Analysis of Loess Using Digital Image Correlation Method","authors":"Xin Wei, Ling Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12583-023-2003-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-2003-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, a new apparatus was developed to identify the tensile behavior of three loess samples from different regions. Influence of water contents on tensile strength characteristics was investigated. The variations of local longitudinal strains ε_<i>xx</i> field were analyzed using the DIC method. The design of narrow portion in the center of the soil sample provides an effective method for analyzing the tensile behaviors and for precisely measuring tensile strength of the tested soils. With the results of tensile behavior curves of loess in slurry state, the tensile process can be divided into three stages. The tensile behavior of loess is greatly influenced by water content, mineralogy and microstructure of soil samples. The tensile strength of soil is relatively smaller with a larger water content. However, it’s worth noting that the current research is limited to the analysis of the above factors. The future studies may explore additional parameters and their interactions to further enhance our understating of tensile behavior of loess. In addition, many tensile tests are conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, which may not accurately represent the <i>in-situ</i> case. The influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and corrosion, on tensile behavior is not adequately considered in this research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal Electrical Structure of the Wuwei Basin, Lower Yangtze Region of China, and Its Geological Implications","authors":"Xiaobo Zhang, Penghui Zhang, Meixing He, Dashuang He, Fagen Pei, Yaoyang Zhang, Yan Peng","doi":"10.1007/s12583-022-1682-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1682-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Wuwei Basin is one of the most important oil- and gas-bearing basins in the Meso-Cenozoic basin groups in the Lower Yangtze River region. It has great shale gas resource prospects. The formation mechanism of this basin is poorly studied for lack of constraining data for deep structures. In this paper, a crustal electrical structure model of the Wuwei Basin and the adjacent areas is constructed based on the two-dimensional inversion of a magnetotelluric (MT) sounding profile achieved with the nonlinear conjugate gradient method. The results show that large-scale low-resistance bodies have developed in the underlying middle and lower crust of the Wuwei Basin, and are different from the uplifts on the two sides according to their high-resistance electrical characteristics. The electrical structure and regional geological and geophysical data suggest that the peak zone of the Chuzhou-Chaohu foreland fold-and-thrust belt is located on the east bank of the Yangtze River (Wuhu Section), which, together with the main thrust fault belt in the east, forms a typical thrust structure belt. An early Yanshanian sinistral strike-slip fault developed in the deep part of the Wuwei Basin, which may have controlled the formation and evolution of the basin, whereas the tectonic inversion of the early-developed thrust faults is relatively weak. These findings provide a geophysical basis for future studies of basin tectonic evolution and regional tectonic frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptionally Preserved Conodont Natural Assemblages from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan Province, China: Implications for Architecture of Conodont Feeding Apparatus","authors":"Jinyuan Huang, Carlos Martínez-Pérez, Qiyue Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Mao Luo, Wen Wen, Changyong Zhou, Xiao Min, Zhixin Ma, Tao Xie, Michael J. Benton, Philip C. J. Donoghue","doi":"10.1007/s12583-022-1793-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1793-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Articulated natural assemblages contain direct evidence of the element numbers, morphologies, positions and structures for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of conodont animals, but these kind of materials are very rare in fossil records. Here we report ten new conodont natural assemblages from Member II of the Guanling Formation in Luoping County, eastern Yunnan Province, southwestern China. These assemblages were obtained from the fossil-bearing layers of the Luoping Biota, dated to the early Middle Triassic Anisian stage (Pelsonian substage). These fossiliferous laminated limestones mainly consist of calcites and dolomites, with platy clay minerals and pyrites as subordinate components, indicating that the conodont assemblages were preserved in a lower energy and anoxic sedimentary environment. The new natural assemblages preserve the primary collapse orientations of the <i>Nicoraella</i> feeding apparatus from the Luoping Biota, showing the relative original positions of the S, M and P elements, that could be further used to refine the architecture of this apparatus in space variable M elements and the position unclear P₁ elements. Integrating previously reported three-dimensional and bilaterally symmetrical fused clusters, we statistically analyze the size of the positional homogenous elements within different sized materials, in particular S₄, S₃, or S₂ elements, indicates that elements ontogenic changes do not affect the apparatus architecture. Architecture of <i>Nicoraella</i> apparatus remains stable in the process of ontogeny, so our reconstructed model is credible. It is the first time that ample types of materials have been used to restore a conodont apparatus within one genus, namely natural assemblages (articulated and disarticulated), fused clusters (articulated, disarticulated, compressed, and relatively three-dimensional), and abundant discrete elements, respectively. These materials together record the most complete information on architecture in the gondolelloid apparatuses, thus enabling us to reconstruct a reliable fifteen-element apparatus and propose it as a standard template for gondolelloid apparatus reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permian-Triassic Magmatism in the Qin-Fang Tectonic Belt, SW China: New Insights into Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Paleo-Tethys","authors":"Yun Zhou, Yongshan Zhao, Yongfeng Cai, Qiaofan Hu, Ce Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12583-020-1111-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1111-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The granites of ambiguous geodynamic mechanism in the Qin-Fang tectonic belt (SW China) were studied in detail based on petrological, element geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological, and Hf isotopic data. LA-ICPMS U-Pb analyses on zircon yield ages of 248–245 Ma for the granites from the Qin-Fang tectonic belt. The geochemical data show that they are high-K, calc-alkaline, and peraluminous series. Their <i>ε</i>_Hf(<i>t</i>) values are from −14.01 to −7.75 with two-stage model ages of 1.74–1.43 Ga. These data, integrated with low Al₂O₃/TiO₂, Rb/Sr, Rb/Ba, and (Na₂O + K₂O)/(FeO^T + MgO + TiO₂) ratios, and high CaO/Na₂O ratios for the granite, suggest an origin from psammite source which was contaminated by mantle-derived components. These observations, in combination with the age data and stratigraphic records in the Jinshajiang, Ailaoshan, and Hainan Island areas suggest that the granites were formed in a post-collision tectonic setting. The Qin-Fang tectonic belt was likely a branched ocean basin of the eastern Paleo-Tethys.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Characterization of Organic Rich Black Rocks of the Niutitang Formation to Reconstruct the Paleoenvironmental Settings during Early Cambrian Period from Xiangxi Area, Western Hunan, China","authors":"Rizwan Sarwar Awan, Chenglin Liu, Ashar Khan, Khawaja Hasnain Iltaf, Qibiao Zang, Yuping Wu, Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Amar Gul","doi":"10.1007/s12583-021-1524-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1524-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Niutitang Formation in the South China Block might be a source of hydrocarbon as it contains an enormous quantity of organic matter. Black rock of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation is widely distributed in the Yangtze region, but detailed geochemical understanding of it is still emerging. This research discusses the detailed geochemical characteristics of the Niutitang Formation to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions, employing total organic carbon (TOC) content, major, trace, and rare earth element data. For this purpose, black rock specimens of the Niutitang Formation from two outcrop sections were utilized for geochemical characterization, and the results compared with another eight sections from the South China Block. The average total organic carbon in these sediments is significantly higher (5.80 wt.%). In the platform region, lower quantities of TOC indicate a poor potential to produce hydrocarbons. At the same time, significantly higher TOC is observed in the deep shelf and slope sediments, indicating a significant potential to produce hydrocarbons. The average Ce, Eu and Y anomalies from both Longbizui and Sancha sections studied are 0.74, 0.86, 1.77, 1.07, and 1.19, 1.30, respectively. The chemical index of alteration (CAI) throughout the Yangtze block is higher (averaging 71.32) than that of Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS 69), indicating a moderately weathered source of the Niutitang Formation relative to PAAS. As the sediments are moderately weathered, this suggests these rocks might have been derived from felsic rocks, mainly granite-granodiorite. The normalization of REEs in the black rocks reveals a reduction of light REEs with increase in heavy REEs enrichment. Similarly, a positive Eu anomaly, negative Ce anomaly, and a moderate Y/Ho (34.61) are clues to a hybrid depositional mechanism associated with hydrothermal action and terrigenous input. These anomalies are also evidence of upwelling in the paleo-ocean and mixing of organic matter, which created anoxic bottom water during the deposition of the Niutitang Formation in the basin and upper oxic water conditions before deposition. The main controlling factors for the distribution of rare earth elements in these black rocks of the Niutitang Formation are pH, terrigenous input, source rock composition, tectonism, an upwelling mechanism, and hydrothermal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Settlement Characterization of High-Filling Foundation in the Mountain Excavation and City Construction Area of the Yan’an New District, China","authors":"Xiaokun Hou, Shengwen Qi, Yongtang Yu, Jianguo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12583-023-1950-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1950-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mountain Excavation and City Construction (MECC) represents a prominent anthropogenic endeavor aimed at facilitating urban expansion in the Loess Plateau of China. It is important to comprehend the long-term settlement behavior at MECC engineering sites to effectively assess the project’s success in reshaping landscapes and expanding urban areas. In this study, a typical MECC project, specifically the upstream area of the Liujiagou Valley within the new district of Yan’an City, is selected as a case study to investigate long-term settlement characteristics. The research involved conducting creep tests on soil samples with varying dry densities and moisture content and continuous <i>in-situ</i> monitoring of ground surface settlement at 17 specific points. Furthermore, a numerical model was developed and calibrated using the <i>in-situ</i> monitoring data to predict the long-term settlement. The findings reveal that an increase in soil dry density and a decrease in soil water content contribute to reduced deformation. Notably, settlement primarily manifests within the filled areas, with greater soil thickness exacerbating settlement effects. Over time, cumulative settlement exhibits a progressively diminishing rate of deformation until it attains a stable state. These results provide insights for assessing the long-term stability of MECC projects, facilitating decision-making in future endeavors within this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Architectural Anatomy of the Meandering Fluvial Deposits of the Neogene Upper Guantao Formation in Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China","authors":"Yupeng Qiao, Longwei Qiu, Jun Wang, Fan Song, Ziyi Song, Abigail Kuttin","doi":"10.1007/s12583-020-1361-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1361-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The residual oil in the fluvial reservoir of Gudong Oilfield is still widely developed even after decades of development. In order to explore the remaining oil in the subsurface fluvial reservoir, we need to have a better understanding on fluvial sandbody characteristics. This paper aims to demonstrate how to quantify anatomy on meandering fluvial architecture. Sedimentologic data from core descriptions of Guantao Formation in Gudong Oilfield were used to identify architectural elements. The upper Guantao Formation consists of ten lithofacies composing five different types of architectural elements. By integrating the available core, well logs, and seismic data, the fluvial sandbody distribution was analyzed. To characterize the fluvial channel geomorphology, we used seismic inversion to explore the stratigraphic correlation and stacking patterns of different channels, and the sandbody isopach map was obtained by the sandbody thickness in each layer. The architectural elements distribution in the plane was mapped by the sandbody isopach map and its profile characteristics. According to the investigation of meandering fluvial outcrops, subsurface meandering fluvial seismic geomorphology, and modern river morphology, the upstream-bar portions are always eroded because of the downstream channel migration. Statistics on the morphometric parameters (bar width/looplength, upstream deflection angle, downstream deflection angle, etc.) of modern meandering river (Ob River) were obtained from the Google Earth. It is found that the bar width/looplength and upstream deflection angle, upstream deflection angle and downstream deflection angle in modern meandering river have a good relationship, and we can have a quantitative architectural characterization on the point bar. This study quantified lithofacies thickness and proportion in different architectural elements of Guantao Formation, which ensures a high resolution anatomy on the small scale architecture. By using this method, the lithofacies proportion in each architectural element was computed, and through the statistics of architectural elements proportion in the Gudong Oilfield, the different lithofacies proportions in the block 6 can be computed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":"338 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Discovery of Late Triassic Tuffs in the South Qilian Basin: Geochemical Characteristics, Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Ages and Potential Source Regions","authors":"Fangpeng Du, Furong Tan, Shiming Liu, Xiaochen Zhao, Yingtao Chen, Junwei Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s12583-021-1446-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1446-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":" 7","pages":"1692 - 1703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and Pollution Aerosols on Snow and Ice—Interplay between the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere","authors":"Z. Dong, Hongchen Jiang, G. Baccolo, B. Di Mauro, Krzysztof Zawierucha","doi":"10.1007/s12583-023-2004-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-2004-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth Science","volume":" 37","pages":"1951 - 1956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}