2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of HYPR-OSEM Using Experimental Phantom and Clinical Patient Data","authors":"J. Cheng, J. Matthews, R. Boellaard, I. Janzen, J. Anton-Rodriguez, V. Sossi","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532597","url":null,"abstract":"We describe evaluations of our newly developed HYPR-OSEM algorithm using experimental phantom and clinical patient data. HYPR-OSEM is an iterative reconstruction method which incorporates HighlY constrained back-PRojection (HYPR) de-noising directly within the widely used OSEM algorithm. Our previous work demonstrated that HYPR-OSEM can achieve noise reduction without degrading accuracy in terms of resolution and contrast, and it can attain better precision than OSEM with similar accuracy and better accuracy than filtered OSEM with similar precision based on simulation results. Furthermore, the proposed composite does not require any prior information. In this work, further evaluations have been conducted using experimental phantom and clinical patient data acquired on the High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT). The regional contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) as a function of image voxel noise within uniform background, coefficient of variation (COv) in CRC vs bias in CRC, and root-mean- squared-error (RMSE) in CRC for various sizes of hot and cold regions (based on 50 realizations of both high and low count experimental phantom data) were compared across all forms of HYPR-OSEM and OSEM with and without a post reconstruction filter. In contrast to our previous simulation results, higher noise reduction was achieved by HYPR-OSEM for the HRRT data. HYPR-AU-OSEM showed the lowest noise-induced bias at low count level, the lowest RMSE in CRC, and the most stable performance in COV or reproducibility of CRC (i.e. the least sensitive to the number of iterations). Similar results were also observed from the patient data.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129197182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concrete realization of the whole gamma imaging concept","authors":"T. Yamaya, E. Yoshida, H. Tashima, Yusuke Okumura, M. Suga, N. Kawachi, K. Kamada, K. Parodi","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532867","url":null,"abstract":"PET is recognized as a successful method to pursue cancer diagnosis and molecular imaging. However, in order to meet emerging demands for widened imaging applications such as textbfin-situ real-time single-cell tracking, we need to break through the principle of PET itself. In this paper, therefore, we propose a new concept of whole gamma imaging (WGI), which is a novel combination of PET and Compton imaging. An additional detector ring, which is used as the scatterer, is inserted in a conventional PET ring so that single gamma rays can be detected by the Compton imaging method. Therefore, in addition to Compton imaging (single-gamma mode), missing pairs of annihilation photons in PET, at least one of which is undetected, can be used for imaging (PET mode). Further large sensitivity gain can be expected for triple gamma emitters such as $^{mathbf {44}}$textbfSc, that emits a pair of 511 keV photons and a 1157 keV gamma ray almost at the same time (triple-gamma mode). In principle, only a single decay would be enough to localize the source position: (1) the coincidence detection of a pair of 511keV photons locates the source position along a line-of-response (LOR), and (2) the source position is identified as one of two intersection points of the LOR with a Compton cone after measuring the 1157 keV gamma ray. Using GEANT4, we simulated an “insert geometry”, in which a scatter ring (24 x 24 array of 1 x 1 x 6 mm$^{mathbf {3}}$ GAGG crystals, 20 cm diameter and 5 cm long,) was inserted into a PET ring (16 × 16 × 4-DOI array of 2.9 × 2.9 × 7.5 mm$^{mathbf {3}}$ GSOZ crystals, 66 cm diameter and 22 cm long). In the single-gamma mode, spatial resolution for the 511keV source obtained by 3D OSEM was 6.2 mm FWHM (center)-3.0 mm FWHM (8 cm off-center). In the triple-gamma mode, the position distribution of a $^{mathbf {22}}$Na point source projected on a line-of-response was 7.3 mm FWHM at the 5 cm off-center position without applying any image reconstruction. From the simulation results, we were able to develop the first prototype of the WGI system.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125538808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a new HV/HR CMOS Sensor in LF150nm Process for the ATLAS Inner Tracker Upgrade","authors":"Y. Degerli, F. Balli, M. Barbero, S. Bhat, P. Breugnon, Z. Chen, M. Elhosni, S. Godiot, F. Guilloux, C. Guyot, T. Hemperek, T. Hirono, F. J. Iguaz, H. Krüger, M. Lachkar, J. Liu, J. Meyer, A. Ouraou, P. Pangaud, P. Rymaszewski, A. Rozanov, P. Schwemling, M. Vandenbroucke, N. Wermes","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532967","url":null,"abstract":"A HV/HR CMOS detector prototype called LF-CPIX, has been designed in LFoundry 150nm technology. The front-end electronics has been implemented using both NMOS and PMOS transistors, inside the charge collection diode, with a pitch of 250 μm × 50 μm. This demonstrator is an implementation of a matrix of smart pixels where the diode is composed by a Deep Nwell, and P-type substrate is used as a depleted sensor. Three types of pixels have been developed: passive pixels, analog-digital pixels, analog pixels. The analog pixels can be connected to the FE-I4 IC, which is the present readout IC of the innermost ATLAS pixel layers. The different versions of the LF-CPIX demonstrators are described, characterization of the different pre-amplifiers flavors with external injection signal and 55Fe source are presented for the digital pixels. Finally radiation hardness results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125559678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detector Performance for Fast Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography","authors":"N. Winch, A. Madden, J. Hunter, Ronald O. and Nelson","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533124","url":null,"abstract":"Radiography and computed tomography using fast neutrons can provide imaging contrast of large, dense, or heavily shielded materials that are unobtainable by x-rays or thermal neutrons.However, fast neutron imaging is difficult i n practice due to the scarcity of fast neutron sources and the difficulty of producing fast neutron sensitive detectors, thus requiring specialized equipment for both the source and detector aspects of radiography. A world class neutron radiography and computed tomography facility has been developed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center to study the use of fast neutrons for non-destructive testing. Two fast neutron detector configurations were recently investigated for use in this facility: an a-Si flat panel with mounted ZnS:Cu scintillator, and a CCD camera optically coupled to various scintillator screens. Results of detector performance metrics, such as the modulation transfer function and the noise power spectrum, are presented. These metrics are reported as a function of shieldingthicknesses, and as a function of the scintillator material chosen for use with the camera system. A comparison of the two systems found that the camera had better spatial resolution, while the flat p anel h ad l ess n oise. Of the three scintillators investigated with the camera system, the custom iridium-doped plastic scintillator had highest resolution, and the ZnS:Ag scintillator had the best noise performance.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125566503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Novel Detection System for Measuring Primary Knock-on Atoms","authors":"P. Tsai, Y. Iwamoto, M. Hagiwara, Tatsuhiko Sato, T. Ogawa, D. Satoh, Shin-ichiro Abe, M. Itoh, H. Watabe","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532975","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of providing critical nuclear data of primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) created from proton-induced spallation reactions, a new detection system was designed and dedicated to the PKA measurement that requires lower measurement threshold energies and superior mass resolution than the conventional experimental setups. Such requirements can be fulfilled by employing the TOF-E and dE-E methods, and this new PKA detection system, which consists of two fast timing detectors and one dE-E gas ionization detector. The design of the detectors and the experimental setup, along with the estimated system performed are briefly described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126916187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold Optimization in Multi-Voltage Threshold Digitizers for TOF PET detector","authors":"Z. Deng, Haodi Wu, Wei Xiong, Anjiang Zhao, Chunlei Han, Jinyuan Wu, Yi Yang, Zhiwen Duan, P. Xiao, Jiang Tang, Q. Xie","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533079","url":null,"abstract":"Performance of time pickoff method, such as Leading Edge Discrimination (LED) or Multi-Voltage threshold (MVT) digitization, is particularly sensitive to the threshold setting. Thus, targeting to the time resolving ability, we investigate the choice of threshold in LED and multi-voltage threshold. In this works, we analysis the time spectrum with the entropy concept. based on the principle of Minimum Entropy (ME), we give the criterion of threshold choice. To evaluate the improvement of our threshold choice, we setup two detectors to test the coincidence time resolution (CTR) for different threshold setting. The results show better coincidence time resolution could be obtained when the pickoff logic works with the optimized threshold.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123180598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Virtual Pixel Grids to Overlapped PSF for PET Systems with Monolithic Crystals","authors":"L. Moliner, C. Correcher, J. Alamo, J. Álvarez, V. Giménez, A. González, V. Ilisie, S. Sánchez, M. J. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532986","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we take advantage of the monolithic continuous crystals in PET photon detection. The called Impact Bin Method (IBM) proposes to use the smaller bin size given by the electronics to position the photon impact and then, build a Point Spread Function (PSF) around this point. We use a rectangular PSF to facilitate the estimation of the voxels emission probabilities. These probabilities are calculated as the volumes of intersection between the tube of response generated by the PSF and the voxels. To perform a proof of concept of IBM, we use a dedicated breast PET consisting of two rings with 12 modules each. Each module contains a single LYSO monolithic crystal (no pixelated), coupled to a PSPMT. The dimensions of the crystal are 40 mm × 40 mm × 12 mm and the maximum pixel size allowed by electronics is 300 × 300 bins per block. Then, if we consider this pixel size, the minimum area for each individual bin will be 0.13 mm × 0.13 mm. We compare images reconstructed with the maximum virtual binning of 300 × 300, with the regular virtual binning of 20 × 20 and finally with IBM. Using IBM we avoid the regular virtual grid, so the PSF from different hits can overlap between them. The results reconstructing with IBM show an improvement of 10% in spatial resolution and a 7% in the recovery coefficients without compromise the image uniformity.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123410427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully Programmable System for Multi-Channel Experiments Targeting to Time Measurement at High Performance","authors":"N. Lusardi, F. Garzetti, A. Geraci","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8532902","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, we introduce a new hardware/firmware/software bundle for experiments in which high-performance time resolving is a primary request. Main features of the global system are multi-channel operation up to 16 parallel measures with resolution of 250fs and precision below 12ps r.m.s. with hardware full-scale-range of 10.3s, and the possibility of enabling different time tagging techniques that can indefinitely extend the full-scale-range via software. Moreover, each channel can support multi-hit measurements with a maximum rate of 20MHz. Time measurements are performed by a multi-channel, highperformance Tapped Delay-Line Time-to-Digital Converter instantiated as HDL IP-Core Module (TDC IP-Core) in a Serie-7 28nm Xilinx FPGA module hosted on a custom hardware. The firmware and the software are modularly structured, meaning that each module has firmware and software images that split the processing in parallel and temporal computing segments.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal Strip TlBr Detectors for PET","authors":"G. Ariño-Estrada, S. I. Kwon, Junwei Du, Hadong Kim, L. Cirignano, K. Shah, S. Cherry, G. Mitchell","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533141","url":null,"abstract":"Energy and timing resolution were measured simultaneously in an orthogonal strip thallium bromide (TlBr) detector of 0.6 mm thickness. The energy resolution achieved in 0.5 mm wide strips at room temperature and at -300 V was 6.1% at 511 keV. A significant improvement of the timing resolution was observed when an energy cut was applied to only include the highest energy events. The best timing resolution achieved was 23 ns FWHM.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123096866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Report for an Accurate PET Detector Based on SiPMs and the TOFPET ASIC","authors":"E. Lamprou, A. Aguilar, A. Gonzalez-Montoro, J. Monzó, G. Cañizares, L. Vidal, L. Hernández, Sofía Iranzo, Rosana Martí, S. Sánchez, F. Sánchez, Antonio J. González, J. Benlloch","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2017.8533123","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to show the potential capabilities of monolithic-based LYSO crystals, coupled to large SiPM arrays to be considered as detector blocks for TOF-PET scanners. An ASIC read-out with accurate timing capabilities is used to independently process each SIPM element. Several studies have been carried out using both crystal arrays and monolithic blocks showing an overall good performance. The most relevant parameters evaluated in this work are: spatial, energy and time resolutions. We obtained coincidence resolving times as good as 340 ps FWHM for one to one coupling in crystal arrays and 1.2 ns FWHM using a monolithic block in coincidence with a 1 pixel reference detector.","PeriodicalId":155659,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126076954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}