LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)最新文献

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The Inflation of Black Crime Statistics: Age-Adjusted Rates Paint a More Accurate Picture 黑人犯罪统计数据的膨胀:年龄调整率描绘了一个更准确的画面
LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3665709
Michael Conklin
{"title":"The Inflation of Black Crime Statistics: Age-Adjusted Rates Paint a More Accurate Picture","authors":"Michael Conklin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3665709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3665709","url":null,"abstract":"This study exposes how traditional murder rate statistics misleadingly inflate the black murder rate. This is due to the shorter life expectancy of blacks which results in disproportionate numbers in younger age groups where the majority of criminal perpetrators are located. This first-of-its-kind research demonstrates that when age disparities are adjusted for, crime rate disparities between blacks and whites are reduced by 28%. This is significant because misleading crime statistics are often presented as evidence to justify policing practices that disproportionately affect blacks. Also discussed is the role politicians and the media play in disseminating racial distortions regarding crime. Additionally, potential explanations are provided for why misleading non-age-adjusted murder rates are used. Finally, potential explanations for an unexpected finding of the research are examined, which helps illuminate the race and crime connection more broadly.","PeriodicalId":155642,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Algorithmic Discrimination and Input Accountability under the Civil Rights Acts 算法歧视与民权法案下的输入问责
LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3674665
Robert P. Bartlett, Adair Morse, N. Wallace, Richard Stanton
{"title":"Algorithmic Discrimination and Input Accountability under the Civil Rights Acts","authors":"Robert P. Bartlett, Adair Morse, N. Wallace, Richard Stanton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3674665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674665","url":null,"abstract":"The disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among communities of color, together with a necessary renewed attention to racial inequalities, have lent new urgency to concerns that algorithmic decision-making can lead to unintentional discrimination against members of historically marginalized groups. These concerns are being expressed through Congressional subpoenas, regulatory investigations, and an increasing number of algorithmic accountability bills pending in both state legislatures and Congress. To date, however, prominent efforts to define algorithmic accountability have tended to focus on output-oriented policies that may facilitate illegitimate discrimination or involve fairness corrections unlikely to be legally valid. Worse still, other approaches focus merely on a model’s predictive accuracy—an approach at odds with long-standing U.S. antidiscrimination law.We provide a workable definition of algorithmic accountability that is rooted in the caselaw addressing statistical discrimination in the context of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Using instruction from the burden-shifting framework, codified to implement Title VII, we formulate a simple statistical test to apply to the design and review of the inputs used in any algorithmic decision-making processes. Application of the test, which we label the input accountability test, constitutes a legally viable, deployable tool that can prevent an algorithmic model from systematically penalizing members of protected groups who are otherwise qualified in a legitimate target characteristic of interest.","PeriodicalId":155642,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130655674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Taxing Feminism 繁重的女权主义
LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197519998.013.34
Anthony C. Infanti, Bridget J. Crawford
{"title":"A Taxing Feminism","authors":"Anthony C. Infanti, Bridget J. Crawford","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197519998.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197519998.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"Feminist perspectives are not new to tax law. Even though feminist tax jurisprudence has a rich history, mainstream tax academics, legislators, and the public have not been persuaded until recently to treat tax law as something more than a type of applied economics with no relation to feminist (or any other “noneconomic”) concerns. Since Grace Blumberg published “Sexism in the Code: A Comparative Study of Income Taxation of Working Wives and Mothers” in the early 1970s, numerous other contributions to the tax literature have identified ways that feminist perspectives might influence tax debates. After exploring why feminist perspectives historically have had little purchase in the tax arena, the chapter shines a light on recent attention to the relation between gender and tax law, providing some evidence that feminist tax perspectives may finally be taking hold in, and may eventually exert some influence over, the general tax policy discourse in the United States.","PeriodicalId":155642,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123410721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexuality and Natural Disaster: Challenges of LGBT Communities Facing Hurricane Katrina 性与自然灾害:LGBT群体面对卡特里娜飓风的挑战
LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-05-10 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2513650
Bonnie Elizabeth Haskell
{"title":"Sexuality and Natural Disaster: Challenges of LGBT Communities Facing Hurricane Katrina","authors":"Bonnie Elizabeth Haskell","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2513650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2513650","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to illuminate the marginalization and unique vulnerabilities at the intersection of sexuality and natural disasters. Drawing from literature and descriptive case studies, this paper examines the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) communities in the heteronormative disaster relief system following Hurricane Katrina. Rejecting the notion of a monolithic existence, LGBT communities will be referred to in the plural throughout this paper. The intention is not to speak for all, but to record trends in accounts of marginalization as identified in pattern-recognition. Discriminatory policy and a pervasive culture of social stigma rendered LGBT individuals powerless in a response construct rooted in inequity. Through categorizing distinct disadvantages in capital and adversities in service and aid provision, this paper concludes that the federal and local neglect of LGBT communities is an environmental injustice. This paper is a call for discourse and action integrating LGBT communities within political and social constructs of disaster risk reduction and response.","PeriodicalId":155642,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131712736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Men, Women, and the Ballot - Woman Suffrage in the United States 男人、女人和选票——美国的妇女选举权
LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic) Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1358466
S. Braun, M. Kvasnička
{"title":"Men, Women, and the Ballot - Woman Suffrage in the United States","authors":"S. Braun, M. Kvasnička","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1358466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1358466","url":null,"abstract":"Woman suffrage led to the greatest enfranchisement in the history of the United States. Before World War I, however, suffrage states remained almost exclusively confined to the American West. The reasons for this pioneering role of the West are still unclear. Studying the timing of woman suffrage adoption at state level, we find that states in which women were scarce (the West) enfranchised their women much earlier than states in which the sex ratio was more balanced (the rest of the country). High sex ratios in the West, that is high ratios of grantors to grantees, reduced the political costs and risks to male electorates and legislators of extending the franchise. They are also likely to have enhanced female bargaining power and may have made woman suffrage more attractive in the eyes of western legislators that sought to attract more women to their states. Our finding of a reduced-form inverse relationship between the relative size of a group and its success in securing the ballot may be of use also for the study of other franchise extensions and for inquieries into the dynamics of political power sharing more generally.","PeriodicalId":155642,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130462346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Statement of Commissioner Gail Heriot in the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights' Report, 'Time for Congress to Enact Federal Legislation to Address Workplace Discrimination Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Americans.' 美国民权委员会专员盖尔·赫里奥特在报告中的声明:“国会是时候颁布联邦立法,解决工作场所对女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性人的歧视问题了。”
LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic) Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3328723
Gail L. Heriot
{"title":"Statement of Commissioner Gail Heriot in the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights' Report, 'Time for Congress to Enact Federal Legislation to Address Workplace Discrimination Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Americans.'","authors":"Gail L. Heriot","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3328723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3328723","url":null,"abstract":"In November of 2017, the U.S Commission on Civil Rights published a report entitled “Working for Inclusion: Time for Congress to Enact Federal Legislation to Address Workplace Discrimination Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Americans.” This Commissioner Statement was part of that report. It discusses several problems with the proposed Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. It also critiques the presentation of data in other parts of the report.","PeriodicalId":155642,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Anti-Discrimination Law (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116574226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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