Journal of depression & anxiety最新文献

{"title":"Rural Womenandrsquo;s Mental Health: Status and Need for Services","authors":"Astrid Van Montfoort, M. Glasser","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression remains an issue worldwide. Women are at greater risk than men of experiencing depression, especially women living in rural areas. Mental health care in rural populations is less easily addressed than in urban areas. This descriptive study examined the prevalence of depression in women living in rural areas of Illinois. Additionally, it examined whether existing mental health care services meet the needs of rural women, as well as possible barriers preventing women from seeking help when needed. Methods: A survey was distributed to women ages 18 and older living in rural communities of Illinois. Results: 189 women completed the survey. 26.1% self-reported depression; when combined with previously diagnosed depression and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) scores, 50.9% were at-risk for depression. Over one-quarter of study participants did not think available mental health care was sufficient. Discussion: Prevalence of depression in rural women is high. There is an inconsistency between need for and use of health care services. Screening for depression in rural primary care settings might help more women receive adequate treatment. Further research with additional rural communities is necessary.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91040222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brexpiprazole-Induced Gynecomastia in a Thirteen-Year Old Male","authors":"Shilpa Puri, M. Daas, J. K. Day, Calvin T. Nguyen","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.355","url":null,"abstract":"This case reports involves a thirteen-year-old male with a history of anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who developed significant weight gain and gynecomastia ten months after starting brexpiprazole. He had prior trials of quetiapine and aripiprazole which caused significant weight gain but did not cause gynecomastia. He had been taking sertraline and guanfacine for almost two years prior to starting brexpiprazole. Eight months later he was started on dexmethylphenidate for ADHD symptoms. There were no other recent exposures. After these symptoms developed, brexpiprazole and dexmethylphenidate were discontinued and several weeks later his gynecomastia resolved. Dexmethylphenidate is not known to cause gynecomastia. Although atypical antipsychotics have been known to cause gynecomastia, no case reports have identified brexpiprazole causing gynecomastia. Sertraline, a known cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor, is one of the primary metabolizers of brexpiprazole. We hypothesize that sertraline may have delayed the metabolism of brexpiprazole through inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6 which led to elevated levels of brexpiprazole. This may have contributed to development of gynecomastia. This case report emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring drug-drug interactions as well as uncommon adverse effects of medications.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85399540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to Support Employees with Depression: Applying the Centers for Disease Control Health Scorecard","authors":"A. McCart, J. Nesbit","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.377","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study is to investigate depression management programs in organizations of the Midwestern and Southern United States, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control Health Scorecard (CDC HSC). Organizations in this study represent retail/wholesale trade, professional, scientific, and technical services, transportation warehousing, and utilities, construction, educational services, and manufacturing. Methods: The CDC HSC is a 125 question, 264-point survey that covers a diverse set of workplace wellness initiatives, with categories such as stress management, organizational structure, physical activity, and tobacco control, and which provides a numerical score for each section. Participants were guided through CDC HSC to provide a quantitative baseline among respondents. During the survey, participants were encouraged to elaborate on their responses to explain the ways their employers address, or fail to address, health and wellness in their workplace. The study then analyzed the qualitative interview data to look for patterns and trends. Results: The research finds that businesses in the Midwest and Southern United States trail behind the standard set by the CDC Validation Study. The responses showed a lower average score for the depression portion of the CDC HSC. Conclusion: The responses in this study suggest that leaders seeking to manage depression in their workforce must be prepared to take an active role in the implementation, maintenance, and daily deployment workplace wellness initiatives. Programs need to be woven into the fabric of the average worker’s experience at the organization. The ability to access depression management initiatives must be easy to access.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Impact of Covid-19 on Students in the USA: A CrossSectional Web-Based Survey","authors":"Akshar Aiyer, S. Surani, Yash Gill, R. Iyer, Zoya Surani","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.375","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 crisis has become the largest crisis in modern times and has particularly impacted students due to school closures, prolonged social isolation, and anxieties related to their future and health. All these factors may have caused significant stress and led to anxiety and depression in students. The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 associated mental health morbidity in students in the United States (US). Methods: A online cross-sectional survey was conducted using two instruments – the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety-4 (PHQ-4). The survey was administered in the months of March to June during the COVID-19 pandemic to both high school and undergraduate college students. Results: In total, 369 students agreed to participate: 51.8% were male, 44.1% were college students. An elevated perceived stress level (PSS- 4 > 8) and a positive mood disorder (PHQ-4 > 4) was present in 49.6% and 56.6% of respondents, respectively. The mean (SD) PSS scores in males and females were 6.7 (2.7) and 8.2 (2.9) respectively among all the respondents, while the mean (SD) PHQ scores in males and females were 3.7 (3.2) and 5.3 (3.2) respectively. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in the respondents was 35.0% and 36.3% respectively. Females students reported higher PSS and PHQ scores compared to male students. There is a significant correlation between PSS and PHQ (r=0.66) Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an extremely high level of stress and mental health morbidity in both high school and college students, and this is more pronounced in females. Specific screening measures and interventions to improve the mental health of students is urgently warranted with a focus on females.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"129 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78127268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Distress among Adolescent Street Children in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Community-Based, Mixed-Method Study","authors":"S. Mekonen, Girmay Adhena, T. Araya, Haftom G Hiwot","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.376","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Street adolescent are the most marginalized group of population with a high risk of mental health and prolong exposure to psychosocial distress results in developing a compromised quality of life, healthy socialization, and overall development. Despite this fact, little attention is given to the psychosocial wellbeing of street children in Africa practically in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial distress among street adolescents in Tigray, Ethiopia. Research Methodology: Community-based mixed cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 participants, and 4 focused group discussants. Study participants were selected conveniently in the quantitative part and purposively in the qualitative part. A pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered, and focused group discussion guide questionnaire was used to collect the data. Result: About 223 (55.1%) street adolescents were psychosocially distressed. Bing in the age range of 16-18 years old [(AOR=3.9, 95% CI: (1.6, 9.11)], meal availability once per day [(AOR=4.46, 95% CI: (1.83, 10.85)], being sexually abused [(AOR=2.36, 95% CI: (1.1, 4.95)], meal availability twice per day [(AOR=4.24, 95% CI: (1.91, 9.44)], being physically abused [AOR= 2.43, 95% CI: (1.05, 5.63)], and low income status (parents) [(AOR=2.6, 95% CI: (1.59, 4.24)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: More than half of the participants have psychosocially distressed. Establishing and implementing local mental health policies and programs for street children through collaborative efforts with the government and nongovernment sectors to bring them into the mainstream of the society. Family reintegration and strengthen the legal systems to minimize violence are also important measures to decrease the problem.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90407833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half of Type 1 and Nearly Four in Ten of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Were Living With Depression in North West Ethiopia, Amhara Region A Research Study","authors":"Mogesie Necho, Mekonnen Tsehay, Yibeltal Getachew","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.359","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The presence of both depression and diabetes is linked to poor compliance with diabetes care practices, lesser medication observance, rising incidence of complications thereby increasing the risk of emergency visits, hospitalization, and medical costs. It is therefore imperative to screen early and intervene timely this problem. However, information is limited to this problem in Ethiopia. So, this study assessed the magnitude of depression as well as its related factors in diabetes patients. Methods: This survey was done at a diabetic clinic of Felegehiwot referral hospital, May to June 2017. The PHQ-9 tool has been implemented to screen depression. Systematic sampling was applied to recruit 58 types 1 and 363 types 2 diabetes respondents. Representativeness of sample for diabetes type 1 and 2 was assured with proportional allocation. We used an internal comparison to designate depression in diabetes types 1 and 2. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was computed and variables with a p-value of<0.05 in the final model were declared significant. Results: The participant’s response rate was 421 (96.3%). The overall prevalence of depression was 163 (38.7%) with moderate, moderately severe and severe depression being 100 (23.75%), 39 (9.25) and 24 (5.7%) respectively. The magnitude of depression among type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) was 29 of 58 (50%) and it was 134 of 363 (36.9%) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). Age of 45- 54 years (AOR=2.64, 95%CI: 1.38, 8.95), poor medication adherence (AOR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.85), poor social support (AOR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.34) and coexistence of medical illness (AOR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.28, 6.39) were the factors associated with depression. Conclusion: Overall, nearly four in ten diabetes patients (38.7%) had depression. Depression was higher in type 1 DM patients (50%) than type 2 DM patients (36.9%). Age, poor social support, poor medication adherence and coexistence of medical illness were associated with depression. Therefore, the system of care for diabetes patients should focus on routine screening and management of depression and its associated factors.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89235880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study between Meaningful Time Utilization and Depression during COVID Times","authors":"A. Sahoo","doi":"10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-1044.20.9.366","url":null,"abstract":"The present unprecedented times have called for changes that we had to accept which we were hitherto unprepared for. Apart from taking immense toll on our daily livelihood, global economy, businesses, jobs, travel plans, education and other things a great impact has been observed upon the human mind as well.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88392485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Applying Virtual Reality for Immersive Anxiety Reduction in Dental Patients","authors":"Seiya Liu, Maya J. Cratsley","doi":"10.46527/2582-3264.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-3264.117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a lack of cost-effective solutions to improve mental wellness, anxiety, for anyone seeking medical or dental procedures, chemotherapy, or even MRI. Not much data exists on mental wellness solutions for patients, either preor postprocedure. In addition, uncontrolled anxiety can lead to physiological side effects of tachycardia, excessive bleeding, pro-longed procedure, care avoidance and decreased health. Prior research has shown some success using Virtual Reality interventions for improving anxiety disorders. This study further examined an innovative VR relaxation intervention aiming to decrease anxiety in dental patients. Methods: After IRB approval 20 dental patients participated in the study. Participants completed a 10-item STAI questionnaire and then spent 10-15 minutes immersed in a relaxing virtual environment. Participants then filled out another 10-item STAI questionnaire, the Corah’s Dental Anxiety questionnaire, and a user experience questionnaire. Results: There was a high significant decrease in anxiety between pre-intervention (M=18.53, SD=4.29) and post-intervention (M=15.63, SD=3.63) measures (p<0.01). User acceptance was high, with a large majority of patients reporting feeling relaxed and wanting to use the virtual reality technology again. Conclusions: These results suggested the novel VR wellness technology can be very effective at reducing pre-dental procedure anxiety in patients. This intervention can be beneficial in the field of anxiety reduction.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"73 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85517299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic Violence Shelters: Exploring Secondary Traumatic Stress of Female Counsellors","authors":"N. Beckerman, Hanni B. Flaherty","doi":"10.46527/2582-3264.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-3264.116","url":null,"abstract":"Counsellors in domestic violence (DV) shelters have long reported extraordinary stressors, fear for their clients’ safety, and fear for their own safety [1-7]. DV counsellors in shelter settings are often tasked with pervasive trauma work after a violent episode in their clients’ lives. The intake for a new DV resident often includes the debriefing of life-threatening violence after years of domestic violence. However, little is known about the effects of secondary trauma on the counsellors in shelter work [4]. With intense and chronic levels of trauma exposure, social work does know that this is a particularly vulnerable cohort of counsellors who may themselves; suffer from compassion fatigue, burnout and secondary trauma [5].","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80267257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensions of Depression","authors":"M. Shaughnessy, Aaron Johnson","doi":"10.46527/2582-3264.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-3264.115","url":null,"abstract":"Depression has been extensively discussed and there are many different approaches to the treatment of depression. Ellis, Shaughnessy and Mahan [1] have discussed the rational emotive approach to the treatment of depressionwherein the therapist looks at Antecedent conditions, the BELIEF system of the client (rational or irrational, logical or illogical, reasonable or unreasonable, appropriate or inappropriate, sane vs. insane) and they the client and therapist look at the consequences of their attitudes, beliefs, philosophies, etc. and dispute the irrational beliefs to end up with a new Effect or perhaps Emotion. Beck and Shaughnessy [2] have reviewed the cognitive approach to the treatment of depression, while Lazarus [3] has implemented and utilized a “multimodal” approachexamining the BASIC ID (Acronym for Behavior, Affect, Sensory Realm, Imagery, Cognitions, Interpersonal relations and the Drug realm (the need for, abuse of etc.) William Glasser [4] has discussed reality therapy and its use and implementation with depression.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87390562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}