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Lightning Strike of Perforated Carbon Fiber Epoxy Laminar Flow Panels 穿孔碳纤维环氧层流板的雷击研究
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 2000-04-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10628J
D. O’Driscoll, J. Hardwick, T. Young, J. Ryan
{"title":"Lightning Strike of Perforated Carbon Fiber Epoxy Laminar Flow Panels","authors":"D. O’Driscoll, J. Hardwick, T. Young, J. Ryan","doi":"10.1520/CTR10628J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10628J","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of lightning on a perforated carbon fiber composite is examined in this technical note. This perforated material has been considered for use on an aircraft engine nacelle to achieve hybrid laminar flow. The work was carried out under a European Commission program HYLDA (Hybrid Laminar Flow Demonstration on Aircraft). Hybrid laminar flow is a combination of natural laminar flow achieved by aerodynamic profiling and leading edge suction through the perforated surface. The carbon fiber panels were perforated using an Nd-YAG laser. The specimens were subjected to simulated zone 2A and 1C lightning strikes and the results are compared to similar tests on non-perforated and painted specimens. It was found that the visible damage was less on the perforated specimens compared to the other two. This is presumed to be due to the lightning arc attaching to the fiber ends in the holes, and thus being spread over a larger area.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"71-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83919175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Evaluation of the Effect of a Custom Fiber Surface Treatment on the Adhesion Level in a Polymer-Based Composite Using the Single Fiber Fragmentation Test 使用单纤维碎裂试验评估定制纤维表面处理对聚合物基复合材料粘附水平的影响
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 2000-04-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10626J
D. Bradford, K. Lease, P. Sherwood
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of a Custom Fiber Surface Treatment on the Adhesion Level in a Polymer-Based Composite Using the Single Fiber Fragmentation Test","authors":"D. Bradford, K. Lease, P. Sherwood","doi":"10.1520/CTR10626J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10626J","url":null,"abstract":"During the past several years, a number of investigations have focused on improved fiber surface treatments as well as the development of micromechanical experimental techniques to accurately evaluate the fiber/matrix adhesion level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a custom fiber surface treatment on the fiber/matrix adhesion level of a carbon fiber reinforced, polymer matrix composite material. Single fiber fragmentation tests were performed on specimens produced using EPON 828 resin and AU-4 fibers, AS-4 fibers, and AU-4 fibers that were treated with a custom fiber surface treatment known to lead to direct chemical reaction with the EPON 828 resin. Qualitative inspection of the birefringent stress patterns produced by the custom treated fiber indicate a high level of fiber/matrix adhesion, greater than the adhesion exhibited by either of the two as received fiber types. In addition, the custom treated fibers produced an average fiber fragment length approximately 23% shorter than the AS-4 specimens, indicating a rather significant increase in adhesion level for the custom treated fibers over the commercially treated fibers. Calculated interfacial shear strength values follow the same trend as was seen during the evaluation of the average fragment length values.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74728508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Journal of Composites Technology and Research Subject Index to Volume 22 2000 复合材料技术与研究杂志主题索引卷22 2000
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10548J
W. Johnson, J. Masters, Dw Wilson
{"title":"Journal of Composites Technology and Research Subject Index to Volume 22 2000","authors":"W. Johnson, J. Masters, Dw Wilson","doi":"10.1520/CTR10548J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10548J","url":null,"abstract":"Composite Evaluation of Four Composite Shear Test Methods by Digital Speckle Strain Mapping and Fractographic Analysis (Melin, LG, Neumeister, JM, Pettersson, KB, Johansson, H, and Asp, LE), July, 161 Numerically Based Compliance Calibration for Steel Frame Assisted Tension Specimen (Yotte, S and Quenisset, JM), April, 91 Composite damage The Durability of Fiber Composites--The Case for Mechanism-Based Models (Spearing, SM), Oct., 177","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91094370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Wyoming-Modified Two-Rail Shear Test Fixture for Composite Materials 复合材料wywyoming - modified双轨剪切试验夹具
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10984J
A. Hussain, D. Adams
{"title":"The Wyoming-Modified Two-Rail Shear Test Fixture for Composite Materials","authors":"A. Hussain, D. Adams","doi":"10.1520/CTR10984J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10984J","url":null,"abstract":"A significantly modified two-rail shear fixture with a new clamping concept and enhanced gripping capability has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated. This new fixture solves some of the major shortcomings associated with the ASTM Standard D 4255 Two-Rail Shear test procedure, including limited specimen gripping ability, the need for specimens with holes, and potential failure by out-of-plane buckling. The in-plane unidirectional ply shear properties of AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy were measured using specimens of [0/90]3S cross-ply orientation. Repeatable results and acceptable failure modes were obtained. The excellent gripping capability of the new test fixture was also demonstrated in tests of an AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy [±45]4S angle-ply composite, a very high shear strength material.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76812597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Comparison of the Low and High Velocity Impact Response of Kevlar Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites 凯夫拉纤维增强环氧复合材料低速与高速冲击响应的比较
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10985J
M. Shaker, F. Ko, J. Song
{"title":"Comparison of the Low and High Velocity Impact Response of Kevlar Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites","authors":"M. Shaker, F. Ko, J. Song","doi":"10.1520/CTR10985J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10985J","url":null,"abstract":"Failure mechanisms of basket weave and 3-D braided Kevlar-fabric reinforced epoxy composites under low and high velocity impacts have been studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the initiation and development of damage under these two widely differing loading conditions on 2-D and 3-D structure fabric composites. The critical evaluation of post-damage composite panels was conducted using a combination of high magnification photography, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The first objective, quantification, has been realized in principle with regards to laminated composites, and it has been demonstrated that dispersive failure occurs in these composites. The second objective in this work established the relationship between kinetic energy absorbed and the damage tolerance of inter-leaved composites as assessed by the impact tests. High velocity impact loading by a small projectile is generally more detrimental to the integrity of a composite structure than low velocity dropweight impact loading.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79285494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Analysis of Mechanical Yield Behavior and Constitutive Response of MMC MMC的力学屈服行为及本构响应分析
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10983J
K. Zhang, G. Newaz
{"title":"Analysis of Mechanical Yield Behavior and Constitutive Response of MMC","authors":"K. Zhang, G. Newaz","doi":"10.1520/CTR10983J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10983J","url":null,"abstract":"An effective stress function utilizing the J 2 theory, which includes plasticity and damage, was investigated to predict the monotonic response of metal matrix composite (MMC). The damage considered was in the form of debonding between fiber and matrix and plasticity in the form of slip bands in the matrix. Yield surfaces were generated with consideration of both damage and plasticity in effect. The computational micromechanics analysis involved a unit cell model utilizing the ABAQUS code for analysis. The constitutive response predictions from the J 2 model were compared with experimental results from monotonic unidirectional loading for transverse tension, compression, longitudinal tension, and pure shear. The finite element analysis estimated apparent yield points at a variety of combinations of normal stresses. Both σ 11 and σ 22 were consistent with the results obtained from the effective stress function, providing a strong basis for the use of the J 2 theory to account for combined plasticity and damage response of MMCs. Good correlation was obtained between experiments and predictions.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78341234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Modeling of Thermal Stresses in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet and Alumina Fibers Coated with β″-Alumina β″-氧化铝包覆钇铝石榴石和氧化铝纤维的热应力模拟
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10982J
M. Ellenburg, W. Lackey
{"title":"Modeling of Thermal Stresses in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet and Alumina Fibers Coated with β″-Alumina","authors":"M. Ellenburg, W. Lackey","doi":"10.1520/CTR10982J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10982J","url":null,"abstract":"Since layered aluminate coatings such as β″-alumina are being considered for tailoring the interfacial properties of oxidation-resistant fiber-reinforced composites, stresses arising from thermal expansion mismatch were calculated for the substrate fiber and coating. Both isotropic and anisotropic β″-alumina coatings were analyzed for yttrium aluminum garnet and single crystal and polycrystalline alumina fibers. It was possible to rank the various fiber-coating combinations in terms of the magnitude of maximum tensile stresses present in the coating. Polycrystalline alumina + isotropic β″-alumina yielded the lowest tensile stresses with radial stress on the order of 10 MPa, while single crystal alumina + anisotropic β″-alumina yielded the highest tensile stresses with tangential stress on the order of >100 MPa.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80349516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal Image Analysis for the In-Situ NDE of Composites 复合材料原位无损检测的热图像分析
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10614J
R. Brady, Kulkarni, T. Chu, S. Russell
{"title":"Thermal Image Analysis for the In-Situ NDE of Composites","authors":"R. Brady, Kulkarni, T. Chu, S. Russell","doi":"10.1520/CTR10614J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10614J","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal image analysis is an emerging nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique that shows promise as a potential on-line monitoring and inspection method for composites. The method is rapid, user-friendly, and can determine two-dimensional material property distributions as well as quantitatively characterize delaminations. In this paper, the theoretical background of the method and fundamental apparatus are described. Results of the analysis applied to defect-free and delaminated carbon-carbon composite plates are discussed. Two-dimensional distributions of thermal diffusivity were obtained and verified with values obtained by the ASTM standard laser flash diffusivity method. Global specific heat and thermal conductivities were also found and compared to baseline values. In all cases the thermal image analysis results were found to provide reasonable engineering accuracy. Additionally, delaminated plates were tested in order to quantitatively characterize defect location and size. The thermal image analysis results for the delaminated plates were comparable, if not more precise, than observations using ultrasonic C-scan.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84839689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Durability of Graphite-Fiber-Reinforced PMR-15 Composites Aged at Elevated Temperatures 石墨纤维增强PMR-15复合材料高温老化耐久性研究
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10612J
K. Bowles
{"title":"Durability of Graphite-Fiber-Reinforced PMR-15 Composites Aged at Elevated Temperatures","authors":"K. Bowles","doi":"10.1520/CTR10612J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10612J","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier work that reported relationships between compression properties and elevated-temperature aging duration and weight losses also pointed out the apparent influence of surface layer formation and growth on the retention of compression properties during extended aging times. Since that time, further studies have focused on evaluating the growth of the surface layer. The composition and features of this layer were found to change as the aging temperature changed. Microcracks and small voids initiated and advanced inward at all temperatures. Visible oxidation at the surface occurred only at temperatures above 260°C. Relationships between layer thickness, aging time, and temperature were evaluated and empirically formulated. Then, the compression properties were graphically related to the surface layer thickness with excellent correlation.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76572753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Fatigue Crack Coalescence in Discontinuously Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites: Implications for Reliability Prediction 非连续增强金属基复合材料的疲劳裂纹合并:可靠性预测的意义
Journal of Composites Technology & Research Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1520/CTR10615J
L. Lawson, E. Y. Chen
{"title":"Fatigue Crack Coalescence in Discontinuously Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites: Implications for Reliability Prediction","authors":"L. Lawson, E. Y. Chen","doi":"10.1520/CTR10615J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10615J","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines aspects of the distribution of the longest possible microcracks in specimens of a fatigued aluminum-matrix silicon carbide whisker composite and the probability of coalescence in general. The length of the longest microcracks in this material is determined largely by coalescence and making reasonable assumptions is bounded and an upper bound can be calculated. This upper bound is used to fit sample data to an asymptotic extreme value distribution from which reliabilities based on an arbitrarily chosen critical length are calculated. It is shown that for reliabilities corresponding to failure probabilities less than even 10−10 the mere presence of an upper bound on microcrack length can determine the extreme value distribution independent of the actual value of that bound provided that the experimental data supporting the extreme value distribution are entirely characteristic of actual service and that a loading criterion is met.","PeriodicalId":15514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Technology & Research","volume":"92 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74086438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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