Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics最新文献

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CYP2C19 Genotyping to Guide Clopidogrel Prescribing for Neurovascular Indications: A Survey of Institutional Approaches CYP2C19基因分型指导氯吡格雷神经血管适应症处方:一项机构方法调查。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70402
Rachael M. Stone, Glenda Hoffecker, April Schultz, Brittney H. Davis, Salma A. Bargal, Amber L. Beitelshees, Nihal El Rouby, Madeline Norris, Kevin J. Rodriguez, Nita Limdi, Larisa H. Cavallari, Craig R. Lee
{"title":"CYP2C19 Genotyping to Guide Clopidogrel Prescribing for Neurovascular Indications: A Survey of Institutional Approaches","authors":"Rachael M. Stone,&nbsp;Glenda Hoffecker,&nbsp;April Schultz,&nbsp;Brittney H. Davis,&nbsp;Salma A. Bargal,&nbsp;Amber L. Beitelshees,&nbsp;Nihal El Rouby,&nbsp;Madeline Norris,&nbsp;Kevin J. Rodriguez,&nbsp;Nita Limdi,&nbsp;Larisa H. Cavallari,&nbsp;Craig R. Lee","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel is commonly used for secondary prevention following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neurointerventional procedures. However, the efficacy of clopidogrel is reduced in carriers of <i>CYP2C19</i> no-function alleles. While <i>CYP2C19</i>-guided DAPT is well-established for some cardiovascular indications, its use in neurovascular settings has remained limited until recently. This study characterized current implementation strategies for <i>CYP2C19</i>-guided DAPT for neurovascular indications across institutions in the Pharmacogenomics Global Research Network Implementation Working Group. A REDCap survey was distributed to 54 institutions targeting those currently utilizing or planning to implement <i>CYP2C19</i> testing to guide clopidogrel use for neurovascular indications. The survey collected data on implementation status, workflows, testing logistics, clinical decision support (CDS), and guideline concordance. Fifteen institutions met inclusion criteria; 80% were in the United States and 87% were academic centers. <i>CYP2C19</i> testing was used for neurovascular indications at 12 sites, most commonly for AIS, intracranial aneurysm repair, and intracranial stenting. Implementation was often built on infrastructure previously established for cardiovascular indications. Most sites used multigene panels, offered testing in both inpatient and outpatient settings, and returned results within 7 days. Eighty percent of sites provided CDS to support application of results. All sites recommended an alternative P2Y12 inhibitor (e.g., ticagrelor) for poor metabolizers, and most did for intermediate metabolizers. <i>CYP2C19</i>-guided antiplatelet therapy for neurovascular indications is expanding, with many implementations leveraging preexisting infrastructure from cardiovascular settings. Broader adoption and outcome-focused research are needed to optimize the clinical utility of genotype-guided DAPT in neurovascular care.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"937-942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainability in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Perspective on Opportunities for Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Sciences 药物研究和开发的可持续性:临床药理学和转化科学机遇的视角。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-28 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70415
Nikolas Onufrak, Karthik Venkatakrishnan
{"title":"Sustainability in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Perspective on Opportunities for Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Sciences","authors":"Nikolas Onufrak,&nbsp;Karthik Venkatakrishnan","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70415","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70415","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With society's rising concern over resource expenditures, sustainable solutions are sought across industries. The pharmaceutical research &amp; development (R&amp;D) enterprise faces the dual challenge of navigating the complexity of human disease and a highly regulated environment, leading to extensive data generation to ensure patient-focused development of optimal therapeutics. Through innovative study designs, translational technologies, and model-informed approaches, clinical pharmacology as a discipline can meaningfully contribute to reducing drug development's carbon footprint and achieving sustainability goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"848-851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148597053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Characterization of Enzyme and Transporter Precipitants to Evaluate Drug–Drug Interactions for Orforglipron, a Small Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist 评价小分子胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂Orforglipron药物相互作用的酶和转运体沉淀剂的临床特征。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70377
Bridget L. Morse, David E. Coutant, Xiaosu Ma, Sohini Raha, Keerthan Aithal, Clare Nicoll, Luc R. A. Rougée, Shobha Bhattachar
{"title":"Clinical Characterization of Enzyme and Transporter Precipitants to Evaluate Drug–Drug Interactions for Orforglipron, a Small Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist","authors":"Bridget L. Morse,&nbsp;David E. Coutant,&nbsp;Xiaosu Ma,&nbsp;Sohini Raha,&nbsp;Keerthan Aithal,&nbsp;Clare Nicoll,&nbsp;Luc R. A. Rougée,&nbsp;Shobha Bhattachar","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70377","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Orforglipron is an orally administered, small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Orforglipron is a substrate of CYP3A4, organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B/1B3, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp); however, precipitants commonly used to define these mechanisms have not been fully characterized. The enzyme- and transporter-mediated DDI profile of orforglipron and that of CYP3A4/OATP1B/P-gp precipitants were characterized in six phase 1 clinical studies in healthy participants. Orforglipron pharmacokinetics were assessed with clarithromycin, carbamazepine, cyclosporine, and quinidine. Precipitant effects on CYP3A and OATP1B activity were measured using midazolam and coproporphyrin-I (CP-I). Orforglipron effects on CYP3A, P-gp, BCRP, and OATP1B were evaluated using midazolam, digoxin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and CP-I. Mechanistic interrogation of the simvastatin interaction was also conducted. Clarithromycin, carbamazepine, and quinidine had minimal effect on CP-I pharmacokinetics, while the cyclosporine effect was substantial. Cyclosporine and quinidine weakly increased midazolam exposure. Orforglipron exposure increased in the presence of clarithromycin and cyclosporine and decreased with carbamazepine, demonstrating orforglipron exposure is affected by precipitants of CYP3A4 and OATP1B. Quinidine did not meaningfully change orforglipron exposure. Orforglipron had no clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of midazolam, digoxin, or atorvastatin. A weak increase in rosuvastatin exposure was consistent with BCRP inhibition, as CP-I data confirmed orforglipron does not affect OATP1B. Increase in simvastatin acid exposure was attributed to the unique disposition of simvastatin rather than enzyme or transporter inhibition. These findings address mechanistic precipitant knowledge gaps and provide a framework for managing potential orforglipron DDIs in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"979-990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Composite Endpoints in Contemporary Cardiovascular Trials: Trends in Phase 3 Trials and Key Issues in Regulatory Review 当代心血管试验中的复合终点:3期试验的趋势和监管审查中的关键问题。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70375
Hiromi Sugano, Mamoru Narukawa
{"title":"Composite Endpoints in Contemporary Cardiovascular Trials: Trends in Phase 3 Trials and Key Issues in Regulatory Review","authors":"Hiromi Sugano,&nbsp;Mamoru Narukawa","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interpreting composite endpoints in cardiovascular drug development is a key challenge, particularly when events of different clinical relevance are combined into a single primary outcome. Previous reviews noted that conventional composite endpoints may mask clinically meaningful differences at the individual component level and be mainly driven by less clinically important “soft” events, raising concerns about how overall treatment effects should be understood. Despite these concerns, information remains limited on how composite endpoints are used in current cardiovascular drug development programs and how their interpretation influences regulatory decision-making. Thus, we conducted a descriptive review of cardiovascular phase III trial publications and ClinicalTrials.gov registries (2015–2024) that specified a composite primary endpoint and identified 173 trials. Hard endpoints such as death remain common; however, the range of events included in composite endpoints has increased in recent years. The examination of regulatory evaluations of composite endpoints in new drug applications for cardiovascular diseases—including chronic heart failure, transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, and cardiovascular conditions requiring antithrombotic therapy—in Japan, the United States, and the European Union revealed that regulatory agencies consistently raised concerns across regions regarding differences in clinical importance among components and the interpretability of composite results. These findings highlight the need to consider differences in clinical importance among components and carefully interpret the composite endpoint results in the context of individual component outcomes, both in trial design and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"955-965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of a Functional CYP2C8 Variant Allele that Alters Splicing, Reduces Protein Expression, and Increases Drug Exposure 一个功能性CYP2C8变异等位基因的鉴定改变剪接,降低蛋白表达,增加药物暴露。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70376
Anssi J. H. Mykkänen, Päivi Hirvensalo, Kathrin Klein, Dorota Kaminska, Markus Grube, Tuija Tapaninen, Johanna I. Kiiski, Mikko Neuvonen, Ville T. Männistö, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Mladen Tzvetkov, Matthias Schwab, Aleksi Tornio, Janne T. Backman, Mikko Niemi
{"title":"Identification of a Functional CYP2C8 Variant Allele that Alters Splicing, Reduces Protein Expression, and Increases Drug Exposure","authors":"Anssi J. H. Mykkänen,&nbsp;Päivi Hirvensalo,&nbsp;Kathrin Klein,&nbsp;Dorota Kaminska,&nbsp;Markus Grube,&nbsp;Tuija Tapaninen,&nbsp;Johanna I. Kiiski,&nbsp;Mikko Neuvonen,&nbsp;Ville T. Männistö,&nbsp;Jussi Pihlajamäki,&nbsp;Mladen Tzvetkov,&nbsp;Matthias Schwab,&nbsp;Aleksi Tornio,&nbsp;Janne T. Backman,&nbsp;Mikko Niemi","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated genetic determinants of the pharmacokinetics of the CYP2C8 index drugs repaglinide and gemfibrozil, and their interaction in healthy participants. Sequencing data from a study with montelukast revealed a novel functional <i>CYP2C8</i> allele (rs2071426, <i>CYP2C8*19</i>), predicted to create an intronic splice donor site. In human liver samples, <i>CYP2C8*19</i> associated with transcript-specific changes in <i>CYP2C8</i> mRNA expression, reduced CYP2C8 protein expression, and decreased enzyme activity. Consistently, participants with the <i>CYP2C8*19</i>/<i>*19</i> genotype had 45% greater area under the plasma repaglinide concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC<sub>0-∞</sub>) than participants with <i>CYP2C8*1</i>/<i>*1</i> (<i>P</i> = 1.6 × 10<sup>−4</sup>). Participants with <i>CYP2C8*1</i>/<i>*3</i> had 26% smaller AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> (<i>P</i> = 0.0033) and those with <i>CYP2C8*1</i>/<i>*4</i> had 51% greater AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> (<i>P</i> = 8.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup>). The fold increase in repaglinide AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> caused by gemfibrozil was 36% (<i>P</i> = 1.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup>) smaller in <i>CYP2C8*19</i>/<i>*19</i> participants than in <i>CYP2C8*1</i>/<i>*1</i> participants. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), <i>SLCO1B1</i> c.521 T&gt;C (rs4149056) associated with increased repaglinide AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> (<i>P</i> = 4.5 × 10<sup>−15</sup>; <i>n</i> = 172) and <i>SLCO1A2</i> variants associated with decreased AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> (<i>P</i> &lt; 10<sup>−8</sup>). In a GWAS of repaglinide after gemfibrozil pretreatment, <i>SLCO1C1</i> variants associated with decreased AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> (<i>P</i> &lt; 1.6 × 10<sup>−8</sup>; <i>n</i> = 66). Participants with the poor function <i>SLCO1B1</i> genotype showed a 32% smaller fold increase in repaglinide AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> following gemfibrozil than participants with the normal function <i>SLCO1B1</i> genotype (<i>P</i> = 0.0045). This study characterizes <i>CYP2C8*19</i> as a novel decreased function allele and shows that <i>CYP2C8</i> and <i>SLCO1B1</i> genotypes affect the gemfibrozil–repaglinide interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"966-978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Microbiota-Based Therapeutics in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Evidence and Future Directions 同种异体造血干细胞移植的粪便微生物群移植和基于微生物群的治疗:目前的证据和未来的方向。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70408
Bálint Gergely Szabó, Dorina Korózs, Michal Bator, Krisztina Jeszenszky, Viktor Lakatos, László Gopcsa, Péter Reményi, János Sinkó
{"title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Microbiota-Based Therapeutics in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Evidence and Future Directions","authors":"Bálint Gergely Szabó,&nbsp;Dorina Korózs,&nbsp;Michal Bator,&nbsp;Krisztina Jeszenszky,&nbsp;Viktor Lakatos,&nbsp;László Gopcsa,&nbsp;Péter Reményi,&nbsp;János Sinkó","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70408","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intestinal microbiome is a key regulator of immune homeostasis, metabolism, and epithelial barrier integrity. In patients with malignant hematological diseases, particularly those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, microbiome perturbations by reduced diversity, pathobiont expansion, and loss of beneficial metabolites are common as a consequence of exposure to cytotoxic therapy and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Accordingly, enteral microbiome manipulation has emerged as a promising strategy. We performed a narrative review of the literature in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Web of Science from inception to October 2025. We focused on adult hematology and HSCT populations and synthesized evidence across microbiome-directed interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and emerging standardized microbiota products, as well as adjunctive strategies such as pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, dietary modulation, and microbiome-sparing antimicrobial practices. Available clinical evidence, predominantly from case series, small cohorts and a limited number of randomized trials, suggests that FMT is feasible in selected immunocompromised patients and may be beneficial for recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection, multidrug-resistant organism decolonization and steroid-refractory gastrointestinal GvHD. Mechanistic data support pleiotropic effects of microbiome restoration, including replenishment of immunoregulatory metabolites, improved colonization resistance and reinforcement of mucosal function. While most reported adverse events are mild, rare transmission events and product variability necessitate for rigorous donor screening, standardized manufacturing and regulatory oversight. Key knowledge gaps include patient selection, optimal timing, dosing strategies, durability of benefit and integration with concurrent medications. In conclusion, microbiome-based interventions may transition from rescue therapy toward a structured component of supportive care in hematologic malignancy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"871-889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Models to Meaning: The Integrator Pharmacologist's Role in Advancing Health Equity Across the Drug Development Continuum 从模型到意义:整合药理学家在促进药物开发连续体健康公平中的作用。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70398
Rajesh Krishna
{"title":"From Models to Meaning: The Integrator Pharmacologist's Role in Advancing Health Equity Across the Drug Development Continuum","authors":"Rajesh Krishna","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70398","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modeling and simulation strategies have evolved from supportive analytical tools to central decision-making engines across drug discovery, development, and regulatory science. By integrating data, models, and stakeholder perspectives, integrator pharmacologists ensure that early discovery decisions translate into robust clinical strategies, meaningful benefit–risk assessments, and ultimately, patient access. This reflection underscores how equity-focused quantitative thinking will pave the path for the next generation of translational science.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"844-847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of United States Food and Drug Administration Approval of Cell and Gene Therapies 美国食品和药物管理局批准细胞和基因疗法的评估。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70396
Mahnum Shahzad, Magdi Elsallab, Maximilian Siebert, Florence T. Bourgeois
{"title":"Assessment of United States Food and Drug Administration Approval of Cell and Gene Therapies","authors":"Mahnum Shahzad,&nbsp;Magdi Elsallab,&nbsp;Maximilian Siebert,&nbsp;Florence T. Bourgeois","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70396","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpt.70396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development and use of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) are rapidly expanding and challenge traditional regulatory paradigms. With growing clinical use and high costs, rigorous evaluation of regulatory oversight by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is increasingly important. We characterized premarketing evidence and postmarketing requirements and commitments for all 38 CGTs approved by the FDA through December 31, 2025. Most therapies used special designations and expedited pathways (86.8% had an orphan designation; 92.1% used an expedited pathway). The mean number of pivotal studies required for CGT approval was 1.6 (SD 1.7), with 73.7% approved based on a single study, and 44.7% relying solely on studies with surrogate endpoints. Reliance on postmarketing evidence generation was common, with 73.4% of products approved with at least one postmarketing requirement or commitment, totaling 52 studies. However, only 17.9% of CGTs had a postmarketing study that included a primary clinical efficacy endpoint, and most studies remain ongoing. These findings suggest that current regulatory approaches prioritize timely access but often rely on limited premarket data and postmarketing studies that infrequently assess clinical efficacy outcomes. Ensuring that requirements for preapproval trials and postmarketing studies are adequate and appropriately calibrated to the level of uncertainty and benefit–risk profile of individual CGTs may better support the goal of providing patients with timely, innovative, and transformative treatments that have the greatest potential to advance disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"930-936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Evidence Generation to Decision Making: Completing the Clinical Pharmacology Pathway 从证据生成到决策:完成临床药理学途径
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70456
Karen Rowland Yeo
{"title":"From Evidence Generation to Decision Making: Completing the Clinical Pharmacology Pathway","authors":"Karen Rowland Yeo","doi":"10.1002/cpt.70456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70456","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Clinical pharmacology provides the scientific basis for how medicines should be used: the right dose, for the right patient, at the right time, with an informed understanding of benefit and risk. But evidence generation is only half the task. Its impact ultimately depends on whether it can be effectively translated to support better decisions by healthcare professionals, patients, regulators, and payers. This challenge is not new. More than 15 years ago, Schwartz and Woloshin described key information from regulatory review as being “lost in transmission” before reaching clinicians.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; What has changed since then is the extraordinary complexity of the evidence we now generate, as new therapeutic modalities and approaches to drug development emerge, and the ways that information is communicated and interpreted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue of &lt;i&gt;Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics&lt;/i&gt;, Wang and colleagues, as part of a multidisciplinary collaboration that includes patient advocates, revisit this challenge but in a very different era.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In their State-of-the-Art Review, &lt;i&gt;Navigating the Prescription Drug Information System&lt;/i&gt;, the authors describe an increasingly fragmented ecosystem in which healthcare professionals, patients, and payers make different decisions about medicines, each with distinct questions, priorities, and constraints, yet all rely on the same underlying evidence (&lt;b&gt;Figure&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;). Information derived from that evidence reaches these stakeholders through multiple sources, including regulatory documents, publications, guidelines, pharmaceutical promotion, news media, social media, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI). The authors' central concern is that, as information is propagated across these sources, the underlying evidence can become distorted, with benefits overestimated, harms underestimated, and important uncertainties insufficiently conveyed. Their analysis raises a broader question for our discipline: are we generating and communicating the evidence that individuals need to make informed decisions about medicines?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Central to answering this question is recognition that as healthcare professionals, patients, and payers are making different decisions, each requires distinct information. A clinician needs to understand the magnitude of benefit and harm, which patients are most likely to benefit, how treatment should be individualized, what monitoring is required, and what remains uncertain. Patients ask questions that are both more immediate and more personal: Will this treatment make me feel better? What side effects might I have? How will treatment affect my daily life? These considerations are central to shared decision making, in which evidence about benefits and harms must be considered alongside individual patient values and preferences.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3, 4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Payers must consider comparative effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and the implicati","PeriodicalId":153,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","volume":"120 4","pages":"825-828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpt.70456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Major Adverse Cardiac Events with Ondansetron: The Role of Observational Evidence to Inform Actionable Safer Prescribing in Cardio-Oncology 昂丹司琼的主要心脏不良事件:观察证据对心脏肿瘤学中可操作的更安全处方的作用。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-09-11 Epub Date: 2026-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.70357
Emanuel Raschi, Igor Diemberger, Elisabetta Poluzzi, Fabrizio De Ponti
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