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Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law最新文献

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12. Parties to crime 12. 犯罪当事人
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2019-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198702313.003.0008
D. Ormerod, Karl Laird
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引用次数: 0
1. Introduction 1. 介绍
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2019-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0001
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"1. Introduction","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This book focuses on substantive criminal law, that is, how offences such as theft and murder are defined. This introductory chapter sets in context criminal offences and defences, first by considering the basis upon which certain conduct is criminalised and other conduct is not. It then outlines the reasons why people commit crimes, which types of people commit them, and whether certain groups are over-represented in criminal statistics. It also discusses the role of evidence in assessing how well criminal offences can be proved in practice; the punishments for committing crimes; the difference between criminal and civil law; the process and procedure to obtain a criminal conviction; sources of the substantive criminal law; the internal structure of offences and defences; principles of the substantive criminal law and the subjects to which it applies; legal reform; and the application of the current law.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129857511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
10. Fraud 10. 欺诈
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2019-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0010
John Child, David Ormerod
{"title":"10. Fraud","authors":"John Child, David Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with fraud, an offence under section 1 of the Fraud Act 2006 (FA 2006). It first discusses the central fraud offence, which can be committed by false representation, failure to disclose information, and/or abuse of position. The chapter then moves to consider related offences of obtaining services dishonestly and possession of articles for use in frauds, along with other fraud and deception offences. Finally, the chapter outlines potential options for legal reform concerning the drafting of FA 2006, fraud and the irrelevance of results, and distinguishing theft and fraud, as well as the potential application of fraud offences within a problem question. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout, with brief summaries of the main facts and judgments.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134019698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
5. Murder 5. 谋杀
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2019-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0005
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"5. Murder","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the offence of murder within the context of criminal law, with particular emphasis on its problematic and controversial nature. It first considers the definition of murder in terms of actus reus and mens rea. It then discusses the defences to murder, including general defences, specific complete defences, and partial defences (e.g. loss of self-control, diminished responsibility, and suicide pact). It also outlines potential options for legal reform concerning the mandatory life sentence and the mens rea of murder, and concludes by presenting a structure for applying the actus reus and mens rea for murder to problem facts. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout the chapter, and there are also boxes that highlight common pitfalls to avoid and other areas of confusion for those new to the law.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
6. Manslaughter 6. 过失杀人
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2019-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780199689569.003.0006
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"6. Manslaughter","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/he/9780199689569.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199689569.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on manslaughter, a common law homicide offence with an actus reus of unlawful conduct causing death. The chapter considers two categories of manslaughter: voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter. Voluntary manslaughter arises where D commits murder, but meets the criteria for one of the partial defences: loss of self-control, diminished responsibility, or suicide pact. Involuntary manslaughter arises where D does not commit murder, but commits a relevant manslaughter offence: unlawful act manslaughter, gross negligence manslaughter, or reckless manslaughter. The chapter explains statutory offences of unlawful killing (corporate manslaughter, driving causing death, infanticide, killing of a foetus) and concludes by outlining options for legal reform concerning voluntary manslaughter, involuntary manslaughter, and the structure of manslaughter offences. Relevant cases are highlighted with a summary of the main facts and judgment.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115026174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
4. Interaction of actus reus and mens rea 4. 行为和行为的相互作用
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0004
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"4. Interaction of actus reus and mens rea","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the interaction between actus reus and mens rea in proving criminal liability. It first considers how actus reus and mens rea relate to one another within the structure of an offence before discussing the issues that also emerge when applying offence requirements to a set of facts. As an example, it explains how every element (conduct, circumstance, and result) of an offence includes an actus reus requirement and a corresponding mens rea requirement. It also examines the correspondence principle and the doctrine of transferred malice, along with the coincidence principle. Finally, it outlines potential options for legal reform and a structure for analysing the actus reus and mens rea of an offence when applying the law in problem-type questions. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout the chapter, with brief summaries of the main facts and judgments.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125553807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
3. Mens rea 3.犯罪意图
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0003
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"3. Mens rea","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of mens rea, loosely translated as ‘guilty mind’. Whereas the actus reus of an offence focuses on the accused’s conduct, the results of that conduct, and the circumstances in which it takes place (external elements), mens rea focuses on what is going on in the accused’s mind (internal elements). The chapter first considers the elements of criminal liability under mens rea versus actus reus before discussing the legal meaning of central mens rea terms such as ‘intention’, ‘negligence’, ‘dishonesty’, and ‘recklessness’ and how these terms work in the context of a whole offence. It also describes certain offences that require actus reus elements with no corresponding mens rea and vice versa. Finally, it outlines a structure for analysing the mens rea of an offence when applying the law in a problem-type question. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout the chapter.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134320641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
11. General inchoate offences 11. 一般的初级犯罪
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0011
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"11. General inchoate offences","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198831921.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with general inchoate offences. A person’s conduct may be inchoate (‘just begun’, ‘undeveloped’), but also deserving of criminalisation. The chapter is structured around the three core general inchoate offences, namely: attempt, conspiracy, and assisting or encouraging. It explains the actus reus and mens rea of each of these offences, along with specific defences. It also looks at double inchoate liability, substantive offences in an inchoate form, and potential options for legal reform concerning the actus reus of attempts, the mens rea of attempts and conspiracy, and assisting and encouraging. Finally, the chapter discusses the application of general inchoate offences within problem questions. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout the chapter, with brief summaries of the main facts and judgments.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
13. Denials of an offence 13. 否认犯罪
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0013
J. Child, D. Ormerod
{"title":"13. Denials of an offence","authors":"J. Child, D. Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with the rules on denials of an offence, a denial of one or more actus reus or mens rea elements. In particular, it considers three sets of rules relating to the denial of an offence: intoxication, sane automatism, and insanity. As well as discussing how each of these rules can be used by D to avoid liability, the chapter also focuses on how circumstances of ‘prior fault’ can be used by the prosecution to substitute for missing mens rea elements so as to construct liability. It also outlines potential options for legal reform concerning intoxication, sane automatism, and insanity, and concludes by considering how denials of offending based on intoxication, automatism, and insanity should be applied to problem facts. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout the chapter, with brief summaries of the main facts and judgments.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127795394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2. Actus reus
Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0002
J. Child, David Ormerod
{"title":"2. Actus reus","authors":"J. Child, David Ormerod","doi":"10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/HE/9780198831921.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of actus reus, which refers to the ‘external elements’ of an offence. An actus reus is not simply about the movements of the accused, that is, her conduct. Rather, it includes any offence requirement that is external from the mind of the accused: anything that is not mens rea. Before discussing the elements that form the actus reus, this chapter considers the distinction between actus reus and mens rea. It then describes the three elements of actus reus: conduct, circumstances, and results. It also explains the categories of actus reus offences, omissions liability, and causation before concluding with sections that outline potential options for legal reform and a structure for analysing the actus reus of an offence when applying the law in a problem-type question. Relevant cases are highlighted throughout the chapter, with a brief summary of the main facts and judgment.","PeriodicalId":153918,"journal":{"name":"Smith, Hogan, & Ormerod's Essentials of Criminal Law","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131048055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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