{"title":"JCCG ALL-B12: Evaluation of Intensified Therapies With Vincristine/Dexamethasone Pulses and Asparaginase and Augmented High-Dose Methotrexate for Pediatric B-ALL.","authors":"Motohiro Kato, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Toshihiko Imamura, Akiko Kada, Akiko M Saito, Yuka Iijima-Yamashita, Takao Deguchi, Kentaro Ohki, Takashi Fukushima, Kenichi Anami, Masashi Sanada, Tomohiko Taki, Yoshiko Hashii, Takeshi Inukai, Nobutaka Kiyokawa, Yoshiyuki Kosaka, Nao Yoshida, Yuki Yuza, Masakatsu Yanagimachi, Kenichiro Watanabe, Atsushi Sato, Chihaya Imai, Takashi Taga, Souichi Adachi, Keizo Horibe, Atsushi Manabe, Katsuyoshi Koh","doi":"10.1200/JCO.24.00811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.24.00811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The JCCG ALL-B12 clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of unvalidated treatment phases for pediatric ALL and develop a safety-focused treatment framework.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients age 1-19 years with newly diagnosed B-ALL were enrolled in this study. These patients were stratified into standard-risk (SR), intermediate-risk (IR), and high-risk (HR) groups. Randomized comparisons assessed the effectiveness of vincristine (VCR)/dexamethasone pulses in the SR group, evaluated the effects of L-asparaginase (ASP) intensification in the IR group, and compared standard consolidation including block-type treatment with experimental consolidation with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) intensified with VCR and ASP in the HR group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,936 patients enrolled, 1,804 were eligible for the experimental treatment. The overall 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rates were 85.2% (95% CI, 83.5 to 86.8) and 94.3% (95% CI, 93.1 to 95.3), respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse and postremission nonrelapse mortality was 13.2% (95% CI, 11.6 to 14.8) and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.0), respectively. Random assignment in the SR group showed no significant benefit from pulse therapy. In the IR group, ASP intensification had limited effects. In the HR group, standard block therapy and HD-MTX yielded equivalent outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ALL-B12 trial achieved favorable outcomes in a nationwide cohort by stratifying treatment on the basis of risk and balancing treatment intensity. This study not only demonstrated that existing standard of care can be further refined but also indicated that improvement in outcomes with intensified chemotherapy has reached a plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"JCO2400811"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Clonal MET Amplification as a Determinant of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-02413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO-24-02413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"JCO2402413"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systemic Therapy Update on <sup>177</sup>Lutetium-PSMA-617 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline Rapid Recommendation Update.","authors":"Rohan Garje, R Bryan Rumble, Rahul A Parikh","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.02128","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.02128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>ASCO Rapid Recommendation Updates highlight revisions to select ASCO guideline recommendations as a response to the emergence of new and practice-changing data. The rapid updates are supported by an evidence review and follow the guideline development processes outlined in the</i> <i>ASCO Guideline Methodology Manual</i><i>. The goal of these articles is to disseminate updated recommendations, in a timely manner, to better inform health practitioners and the public on the best available cancer care options. Guidelines and updates are not intended to substitute for independent professional judgment of the treating provider and do not account for individual variation among patients. See appendix for disclaimers and other important information (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2, online only).</i></p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"3751-3752"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leticia M Nogueira, Folasade P May, K Robin Yabroff, Rebecca L Siegel
{"title":"Racial Disparities in Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Care for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States.","authors":"Leticia M Nogueira, Folasade P May, K Robin Yabroff, Rebecca L Siegel","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.00539","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.00539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Young individuals racialized as Black are more likely to die after a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis than individuals racialized as White in the United States. This study examined racial disparities in receipt of timely and guideline-concordant care among individuals racialized as Black and White with early-onset CRC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals age 18-49 years racialized as non-Hispanic Black and White (self-identified) and newly diagnosed with CRC during 2004-2019 were selected from the National Cancer Database. Patients who received recommended care (staging, surgery, lymph node evaluation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) were considered to have received guideline-concordant care. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age and sex. The decomposition method was used to estimate the relative contribution of demographic characteristics (age and sex), comorbidities, health insurance, and facility type to the racial disparity in receipt of guideline-concordant care. The product-limit method was used to evaluate differences in time to treatment between patients racialized as Black and White.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 84,882 patients with colon cancer and 62,573 patients with rectal cancer, 20.8% and 14.5% were racialized as Black, respectively. Individuals racialized as Black were more likely to not receive guideline-concordant care for colon (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.14 to 1.22]) and rectal (aOR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.21 to 1.33]) cancers. Health insurance explained 28.2% and 21.6% of the disparity among patients with colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Individuals racialized as Black had increased time to adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.24 to 1.32]) and neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.37 to 1.47]) compared with individuals racialized as White.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with early-onset CRC racialized as Black receive worse and less timely care than individuals racialized as White. Health insurance, a modifiable factor, was the largest contributor to racial disparities in receipt of guideline-concordant care in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1368-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":45.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sehhoon Park, Tae Min Kim, Ji-Youn Han, Gyeong-Won Lee, Byoung Yong Shim, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Sang-We Kim, Il Hwan Kim, Suee Lee, Yu Jung Kim, Ji Hyun Park, Sang-Gon Park, Ki Hyeong Lee, Eun Joo Kang, Ju Won Kim, Seong-Hoon Shin, Chan-Young Ock, Byung-Ho Nam, Jaebong Lee, Hyun-Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn
{"title":"Phase III, Randomized Study of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With <i>EGFR</i>- or <i>ALK</i>-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ATTLAS, KCSG-LU19-04).","authors":"Sehhoon Park, Tae Min Kim, Ji-Youn Han, Gyeong-Won Lee, Byoung Yong Shim, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Sang-We Kim, Il Hwan Kim, Suee Lee, Yu Jung Kim, Ji Hyun Park, Sang-Gon Park, Ki Hyeong Lee, Eun Joo Kang, Ju Won Kim, Seong-Hoon Shin, Chan-Young Ock, Byung-Ho Nam, Jaebong Lee, Hyun-Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.01891","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.01891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a driver mutation, the role of anti-PD-(L)1 antibody after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) remains unclear. This randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III study evaluates the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin (ABCP ) in <i>EGFR-</i> or <i>ALK</i>-mutated NSCLC that progressed before TKI therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We compared the clinical efficacy of ABCP followed by maintenance therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab with pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin (PC) followed by pemetrexed maintenance. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 228 patients with activating <i>EGFR</i> mutation (n = 215) or <i>ALK</i> translocation (n = 13) were enrolled from 16 sites in the Republic of Korea and randomly assigned at 2:1 ratio to either ABCP (n = 154) or PC arm (n = 74). The median follow-up duration was 26.1 months (95% CI, 24.7 to 28.2). Objective response rates (69.5% <i>v</i> 41.9%, <i>P</i> < .001) and median PFS (8.48 <i>v</i> 5.62 months, hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.86]; <i>P</i> = .004) were significantly better in the ABCP than PC arm. PFS benefit increased as PD-L1 expression increased, with an HR of 0.47, 0.41, and 0.24 for PD-L1 ≥1%, ≥10%, and ≥50%, respectively. Overall survival was similar between ABCP and PC arm (20.63 <i>v</i> 20.27 months, HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.46]; <i>P</i> = .975). The safety profile of the ABCP arm was comparable with that previously reported, with no additional safety signals, but higher rates of treatment-related adverse events were observed compared with the PC arm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this study is the first randomized phase III study to demonstrate the clinical benefit of anti-PD-L1 antibody in combination with bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with <i>EGFR-</i> or <i>ALK</i>-mutated NSCLC who have progressed on relevant targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":45.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elucidating the Benefit of Radiation Therapy in GI Cancers: Rethinking Trial End Points and Patient Selection.","authors":"Nina N Sanford, Theodore S Hong, William A Hall","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.01402","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.01402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"868-871"},"PeriodicalIF":45.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanouil Fokas, J Joshua Smith, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Robert Glynne-Jones, Marc Buyse, Claus Rödel
{"title":"Early Efficacy End Points in Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer Trials: Surrogacy Revisited.","authors":"Emmanouil Fokas, J Joshua Smith, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Robert Glynne-Jones, Marc Buyse, Claus Rödel","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.01196","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.01196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trial-level surrogacy is critical before early response endpoints are used to approve new therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"872-875"},"PeriodicalIF":45.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61562840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trastuzumab Plus Gemcitabine-Cisplatin for Treatment-Naïve Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Biliary Tract Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase II Study (TAB).","authors":"Vikas Ostwal, Sarika Mandavkar, Prabhat Bhargava, Sujay Srinivas, Akhil Kapoor, Omshree Shetty, Sadhana Kannan, Deepali Chaugule, Rajshree Patil, Manali Parulekar, Chaitali Nashikkar, Suman Kumar Ankathi, Akshay Dwarka Baheti, Daksha Mehta, Rajiv Kumar Kaushal, Subhash Yadav, Aekta Shah, Shraddha Patkar, Mahesh Goel, Anant Ramaswamy","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.01193","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.01193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is seen in 4%-16% of biliary tract cancers (BTCs). We aimed to evaluate the clinical activity of gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) plus anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab as initial treatment in HER2-positive BTCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was an investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, multi-institutional, phase II trial in adult patients with HER2-positive (defined as immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+ or IHC 2+ and fluorescent in situ hybridization-positive), treatment-naïve BTCs. The primary end point of the study was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Next-generation sequencing was performed on tissue samples to evaluate mutational status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From March 2020 to August 2022, of the 876 screened patients, 118 (13.4%) were found to have HER2-positive status, of whom 90 were enrolled in the study. Most patients had GBC (n = 96; 96%) with two or more sites of metastatic disease (n = 70; 78%). With a median follow-up of 17.3 (95% CI, 15.22 to 19.32) months, 72 patients had disease progression with a median PFS of 7 (95% CI, 6.2 to 7.8) months. The diagnosis to event 6-month PFS rate was 75.6% (95% CI, 66.6 to 84.6). A complete or partial response was seen in 50 (55.5%) patients and 22 (24.4%) patients had stable disease as the best response to treatment, for an overall disease control rate of 80%. The presence of isolated TP53 mutations was associated with inferior PFS compared with other mutations (TERT promoter, HER2, PIK3CA, etc) or no detected mutations (6.51 <i>v</i> 12.02 <i>v</i> 10.58 months; <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of GC and trastuzumab achieved its primary end point of improving PFS compared with historical data in the treatment-naïve HER2-positive BTC. Evaluating additional mutations such as TP53 and PIK3CA along with HER2 testing may help to preferentially select patients for anti-HER2 therapy in the future (Clinical Trial Registry India number: CTRI/2019/11/021955).</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"800-807"},"PeriodicalIF":45.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72014405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scott T Tagawa, Charlene Thomas, A Oliver Sartor, Michael Sun, Judith Stangl-Kremser, Mahelia Bissassar, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Sandra Huicochea Castellanos, Jones T Nauseef, Cora N Sternberg, Ana Molina, Karla Ballman, David M Nanus, Joseph R Osborne, Neil H Bander
{"title":"Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeting Alpha Emitter via Antibody Delivery for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of <sup>225</sup>Ac-J591.","authors":"Scott T Tagawa, Charlene Thomas, A Oliver Sartor, Michael Sun, Judith Stangl-Kremser, Mahelia Bissassar, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Sandra Huicochea Castellanos, Jones T Nauseef, Cora N Sternberg, Ana Molina, Karla Ballman, David M Nanus, Joseph R Osborne, Neil H Bander","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.00573","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.00573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Novel therapies are needed to extend survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a cell surface antigen overexpressed in PC, provides a validated target. This dose-escalation study investigated the safety, efficacy, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for <sup>225</sup>Ac-J591, anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody J591 radiolabeled with the alpha emitter actinium-225.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following investigational new drug-enabling preclinical studies, we enrolled patients with progressive mCRPC that was refractory to or who refused standard treatment options (including androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and had received or been deemed ineligible for taxane chemotherapy). No selection for PSMA was performed. Patients received a single dose of <sup>225</sup>Ac-J591 at one of seven dose-escalation levels followed by expansion at the highest dose. Primary end point of dose-escalation cohort was determination of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and RP2D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiochemistry and animal studies were favorable. Thirty-two patients received <sup>225</sup>Ac-J591 in an accelerated dose-escalation design (22 in dose escalation, 10 in expansion). One patient (1 of 22; 4.5%) experienced DLT in cohort 6 (80 KBq/kg) but none in cohort 7; MTD was not reached, and RP2D was the highest dose level (93.3 KBq/kg). The majority of high-grade adverse events (AEs) were hematologic with an apparent relationship with administered radioactivity. Nonhematologic AEs were generally of low grade. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines and circulating tumor cell (CTC) control were observed: 46.9% had at least 50% PSA decline at any time (34.4% confirmed PSA response), and protocol-defined CTC count response occurred in 13 of 22 (59.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first-in-human phase I dose-escalation trial of a single dose of <sup>225</sup>Ac-J591 in 32 patients with pretreated progressive mCRPC demonstrated safety and preliminary efficacy signals. Further investigation is underway.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"842-851"},"PeriodicalIF":45.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71434355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lois B Travis, Darren R Feldman, Chunkit Fung, Jenny N Poynter, Michelle Lockley, A Lindsay Frazier
{"title":"Adolescent and Young Adult Germ Cell Tumors: Epidemiology, Genomics, Treatment, and Survivorship.","authors":"Lois B Travis, Darren R Feldman, Chunkit Fung, Jenny N Poynter, Michelle Lockley, A Lindsay Frazier","doi":"10.1200/JCO.23.01099","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO.23.01099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innovations in the care of adolescent and young adult (AYA) germ cell tumors (GCTs) are needed for one of the most common AYA cancers for which treatment has not significantly changed for several decades. Testicular GCTs (TGCTs) are the most common cancers in 15- to 39-year-old men, and ovarian GCTs (OvGCTs) are the leading gynecologic malignancies in women younger than 25 years. Excellent outcomes, even in widely metastatic disease using cisplatin-based chemotherapy, can be achieved since Einhorn and Donohue's landmark 1977 study in TGCT. However, as the severity of accompanying late effects (ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, second malignant neoplasms, nephrotoxicity, and others) has emerged, efforts to deintensity treatment and find alternatives to cisplatin have taken on new urgency. Current innovations include the collaborative design of clinical trials that accrue GCTs across all ages and both sexes, including adolescents (previously on pediatric trials), and OvGCT (previously on gynecologic-only trials). Joint trials accrue larger sample sizes at a faster rate and therefore evaluate new approaches more rapidly. These joint trials also allow for biospecimen collection to further probe GCT etiology and underlying mechanisms of tumor growth, thus providing new therapeutic options. This AYA approach has been fostered by The Malignant Germ Cell International Consortium, which includes over 115 GCT disease experts from pediatric, gynecologic, and genitourinary oncologies in 16 countries. Trials in development incorporate, to our knowledge, for the first time, molecular risk stratification and precision oncology approaches on the basis of specific GCT biology. This collaborative AYA approach pioneering successfully in GCT could serve as a model for impactful research for other AYA cancer types.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"696-706"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41202208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}