Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Challenges and Proven Recommendations of Praziquantel Formulation","authors":"Deryl Nii Okantey Kuevi,&nbsp;Francis Asiedu Acquah,&nbsp;Amy Amuquandoh,&nbsp;Andrew Papa Abbey","doi":"10.1155/2023/3976392","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/3976392","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. Schistosomiasis, ranked second to malaria as one of the crucial parasitic infections in the world, infects close to 240 million people as at 2019. Praziquantel, an oral anthelmintic, is the first-line drug for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Although the drug is safe and effective, the formulated tablets come with some limitations such as low bioavailability and bitter taste. This literature review aims to provide information on how to improve the issues of solubility, low bioavailability, and bitter taste associated with the praziquantel formulation and, subsequently, to be helpful in improving patient’s compliance. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. For gathering all pertinent data in this review on improving the praziquantel formulation, the following databases were used: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Springer Link, Elsevier, and Wiley online library. <i>Results</i>. Literature revealed that in improving the bioavailability of praziquantel, loading the drug with hydrogenated castor oil solid lipid nanoparticles has shown to be effective in prolonging systemic circulation from 7.6 to 95.9 hours after oral administration. Moreover, employing the solid dispersion technique using the fusion method increases the bioavailability of praziquantel about twice as much. Furthermore, incorporating a superdisintegrant or more than one disintegrant to the formulation can enhance the release of praziquantel. The addition of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-<i>β</i>-CD) and sucralose as sweeteners can mask the bitter taste of praziquantel. <i>Conclusion</i>. The formulation approaches outlined in this review can be employed to greatly enhance the solubility, bioavailability, and taste of praziquantel. Although several techniques to improve praziquantel formulation have been widely studied, further studies on the release profile and compatibility studies with other excipients need to be investigated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/3976392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the Mechanism of Valsartan Treatment in Chronic Renal Failure: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation","authors":"Min Zhu,&nbsp;Zhaoran Wang,&nbsp;Ziming Zhu,&nbsp;Cuifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Fanrong Wu","doi":"10.1155/2023/4837743","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4837743","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Objective</i>. To investigate the targets and mechanisms of valsartan in the treatment of chronic renal failure based on network pharmacology and animal experiment validation. <i>Methods</i>. The objectives of using valsartan were predicted with the PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Relevant targets of chronic renal failure have been searched in various disease databases, with the common purposes of drugs and diseases extracted. Network analysis was carried out with the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, as Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used to analyze network topology of the key targets and establish the “valsartan-core target gene” network. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on core targets to explore their possible molecular mechanisms. The chronic renal failure mouse model was established by the plat method. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) and Masson staining observed morphological changes in renal problems of each group, as levels of serum Cre, BUN, T-SOD, and MDA in each group were detected by kit; real-time PCR was used to detect the relative expression of mRNA of TNF-<i>α</i>IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, and IL-10 in renal disease of mice in each group, with WB detect CALM, PKC<i>α</i>, and CaMKIV protein expression levels in renal disease from each group. <i>Results</i>. The network pharmacology approach identified 10 key targets for treatment of chronic renal failure with valsartan, including EGFR, PTGS2, PPARG, and ERBB2. KEGG enrichment analysis predicted that the drug exerted neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the calcium signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the proteoglycans in cancer, PD-L1 expression, and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer. Results from animal experiments were compared to those of the model group, as renal function was significantly improved in the valsartan-dose group. The serum levels of Cre, BUN, and MDA and relative mRNA expression of TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, and IL-6 decreased significantly, while serum T-SOD levels, relative mRNA expression of IL-10, and the protein expression level of CALM, PKC<i>α</i>, and CaMKIV increased significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05 and <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). <i>Conclusion</i>. Valsartan yields certain renal protection, which may improve chronic renal failure in mice through the calcium signaling pathway.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/4837743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestive Tract Cancer-Related Adverse Events Correlated with Proton Pump Inhibitors Use: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System","authors":"Sheng-ying Gu,&nbsp;Shi-dan Yu,&nbsp;Zhen-yu Zhou,&nbsp;Shuo-wen Wang,&nbsp;Shan-shan Hu,&nbsp;Chen-yang Shi,&nbsp;Chen-dong Qi,&nbsp;Guo-rong Fan","doi":"10.1155/2023/6913722","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6913722","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat digestive system diseases. Previous studies have suggested conflicting results between PPI treatment and the risk for digestive tract cancers (DTCs). This study aimed to assess the effect of PPI use on DTCs by data mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. <i>Method</i>. This study examined the correlations between six PPI agents and DTCs by mining the FAERS database from January 2004 to September 2021 by using OpenVigil 2.1. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) defined as the ratio between the odds of reporting a specific adverse event for one drug divided by the corresponding odds for all other drugs, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was used to detect statistically significant correlations between PPIs and DTCs. High-level terms (HLTs) and preferred terms (PTs) were defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 24.0 (MedDRA24.0). <i>Result</i>. A total of 2553 DTC adverse event reports were screened, with positive signals obtained from gastric neoplasms malignant (GNM) (ROR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.18) and bile duct neoplasms malignant (BDNM) (ROR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.44–2.25). Esomeprazole showed the strongest signal (ROR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.66–2.06) for GNM, while rabeprazole for BDNM (ROR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.32–6.56), and female PPI users had a higher risk of BDNM (ROR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.77–3.35). Among subordinate PTs, adenocarcinoma gastric and the combination of “bile duct cancer” and “cholangiocarcinoma” were highly correlated with PPI use. <i>Conclusion</i>. By mining the FAERS database, we provided important clues for the correlation between PPI use and DTC risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/6913722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eugenia supra-axillaris Essential Oil and Its Nanoemulsion: Chemical Characterization, In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Activities","authors":"Mohamed F. Abdelhameed,&nbsp;Tamer I. M. Ragab,&nbsp;Asmaa S. Abd Elkarim,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Abd El-Razek,&nbsp;Mona F. Shabana,&nbsp;Sherif S. Mohamed,&nbsp;Suzan M. El-Morshedy,&nbsp;Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy,&nbsp;Sherif M. Afifi,&nbsp;Tuba Esatbeyoglu,&nbsp;Abdelsamed I. Elshamy","doi":"10.1155/2023/4594990","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4594990","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The use of standard synthetic medications to treat inflammatory illnesses is associated with several negative effects. It has been shown that medicinal plants and their by-products are useful for safely treating inflammation. Herein, the essential oil of <i>Eugenia supra-axillaris</i> (family: Myrtaceae, ESA-EO) was isolated and further chemically characterized by GC-MS, and then, its nanoemulsion (ESA-EO-NE) was prepared. In addition, the anti-inflammation against the carrageenan-induced rats, the analgesic, and antipyretic activities of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE were evaluated in rats. Forty-three compounds were identified via GC-MS and categorized as mono- (61.38%) and sesquiterpenes (34.86%). d-limonene (32.82%), <i>α</i>-pinene (24.33%), germacrene-D (4.88%), <i>α</i>-humulene (4.73%), <i>α</i>-cadinol (3.39%), and <i>trans</i>-caryophyllene (3.15%) represented the main components. The administration of ES-EO and ES-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) demonstrated strong, dose-dependent inflammation inhibition capabilities in the model of rat paw edema, in comparison with both the reference drug and control. Reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased levels of glutathione (GSH), and decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-<i>α</i>), nitrosative (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in paw tissues all contributed to these substantial reductions in inflammation. Moreover, the oral administration of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited potent analgesic and antipyretic activities in rats. Although the higher dose of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg) displayed delayed anti-inflammatory activity, they have long-lasting inflammation inhibition with fast onset and long-standing analgesic effects better than reference drugs. Furthermore, the most effective antipyretic efficacy was provided by ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg). These results provide insight into the possible therapeutic application of ESA-EO and its nanoemulsion against various inflammatory and painful illnesses as well as hyperthermia ailments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/4594990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Integrated Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Patients","authors":"Xudan Lou,&nbsp;Yuxin Huang,&nbsp;Jieyuzhen Qiu,&nbsp;Jiao Sun,&nbsp;Qin Gu,&nbsp;Haidong Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Tao,&nbsp;Cuiping Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2023/5574095","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5574095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>What is Known and Objective</i>. To explore the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with levothyroxine (L-T4) on thyroid autoantibodies, inflammation, and sleep quality in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients. <i>Methods</i>. Patients were randomly divided into group A and group B. Group A was treated with L-T4 alone, while group B was treated with integrated TCM and L-T4. TCM symptoms were quantified before and after treatment as well as PSQI. Blood samples were taken to detect clinical indicators and thyroid autoantibodies. Cytokines in serum and thyroid tissues were analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR. <i>Results and Discussion</i>. Totally, 196 patients were enrolled in the study, and there were no differences between group A and group B at the baseline. TCM treatment effectively reduced the levels of TGAb and TPOAb and was a protective factor for the improvement of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis antibody titers, <i>p</i>  &lt;  0.05. The serum expressions of IL-17A, IL-6, and IFN-<i>γ</i> in group B after treatment were lower than those in group A and before, while the IL-10 level was raised from the baseline, <i>p</i>  &lt;  0.05. Similar results were found in the comparison of IL-17A, IFN-<i>γ</i>, and IL-10 in thyroid tissues of group A, B, and control, <i>p</i>  &lt;  0.05. Besides, with integrated treatment, all TCM symptoms except for poor memory were improved as well as sleep quality and mood, <i>p</i>  &lt;  0.05. However, these changes were not observed before and after treatment with L-T4 in group A. <i>What is New and Conclusion</i>. The integrated treatment with TCM had a significant effect on thyroid autoantibodies, inflammation, and sleep quality in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and provided a new and effective method for future treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/5574095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Screening, In Vitro Mpro Inhibitory, and Adjunctive Therapy Value of Minocycline for the Treatment of COVID-19","authors":"Yaru Han,&nbsp;Xianxiang Bai,&nbsp;Si Wu,&nbsp;Xiurong Luan,&nbsp;Liwen Ren,&nbsp;Jinhua Wang,&nbsp;Zhanfei She,&nbsp;Bin Xiao,&nbsp;Guanhua Du","doi":"10.1155/2023/9955105","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9955105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>What Is Known and Objective</i>. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ravaging globally since its first discovery in 2019. With the continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutant strains, therapeutic entities are still needed to be discovered. This study was to explore SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and therapeutic entities for COVID-19. <i>Methods</i>. Based on Lipinski’s rule of 5, a small-scale “old” drug database (clinical drugs being used in Ordos Central Hospital) was established, and in silico screening of M^pro inhibitors was conducted. Binding affinity and interaction as well as structure-affinity relationship were analyzed. Furthermore, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the selected drugs was performed to understand the conformational changes in docked complex. In vitro M^pro inhibition tests were performed according to established methods. Finally, literature review of potential “old” drug for the treatment of COVID-19 was conducted. <i>Results and Discussion</i>. The antibiotic minocycline, an inhibitor of bacterial ribosomal RNA, was screened out which showed the highest binding affinity (−9.6 kcal/mol). Beside the hydrogen bond with Cys145 and hydrophobic interactions, minocycline formed a pi-cation with His41, which strongly supported minocycline as a Michael addition acceptor to bind with the catalytic site of M^pro. MD simulation results show that minocycline displayed less conformational changes. The structure-affinity relationship was summarized based on minocycline analogs, and minocycline showed in vitro M^pro inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ of 5 mM. More importantly, the literature review found that minocycline had both in vitro and in vivo broad-spectrum antiviral as well as anti-inflammatory activities, and the levels of a broad spectrum of biological markers during minocycline administration were opposed to those of COVID-19 conditions (both severe and nonsevere). <i>What is New and Conclusion</i>. Minocycline deserves an adjunctive therapeutic option for COVID-19 condition (both severe and nonsevere). This study shed a new light on drug-repurposing strategy for the viral disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/9955105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Reaction Signals Mining of Vonoprazan: A Pharmacovigilance Study Based on FAERS","authors":"Zhenfei Chi,&nbsp;Xuesong Bai,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/7588085","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7588085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. Vonoprazan is a novel selective and noncompetitive oxidative-reduction state proton pump inhibitor (PPI), known as a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). Due to its novelty, the clinical application of vonoprazan is relatively limited, and its long-term safety and adverse effects still need to be further studied and confirmed. <i>Methods</i>. We used the data from the FDA adverse eventreporting system (FAERS) from 2015 to 2022. Disproportionality method including calculation of the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and calculation of the information component (IC) was used to detect potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In preferred terms, the significant signals are ranked in the following order: Plateletcrit increased (ROR 1447.3 IC 36.62), benign duodenal neoplasm (ROR 11157.84 IC 36.40), gallbladder volvulus (ROR 964.77 IC 36.20), myopathy endocrine (ROR 723.58 IC 35.88), pernio-like erythema (ROR 723.58 IC 35.88), septic coagulopathy (ROR 723.58 IC 35.88), and so on. In SOCs, the significant signals are ranked in the following order: hepatobiliary disorders (ROR 5.65 IC 29.15), metabolism and nutrition disorders (ROR 2.78 IC 28.12), blood and lymphatic system disorders (ROR 2.73 IC 28.12), investigations (ROR 2.19 IC 27.76), endocrine disorders (ROR 2.09 IC27.76), gastrointestinal disorders (ROR 1.87 IC 27.52), and so on. <i>Conclusion</i>. Despite its potential advantages, there is still limited clinical experience with vonoprazan, and the long-term safety and adverse effects of this drug are not fully understood. Further studies are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in a larger patient population and to establish its role in the management of acid-related disorders. In the meantime, careful monitoring and patient education are recommended for those who are prescribed vonoprazan.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/7588085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Internal Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Determining Sodium Valproate Concentrations below the Standard Level Using a Risk Prediction Model of Children with Epilepsy","authors":"Yinhui Yao,&nbsp;Jingyi Zhao,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Wei Qiu,&nbsp;Yingxue Lin,&nbsp;Yaru Zang","doi":"10.1155/2023/9996553","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9996553","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. There is a narrow therapeutic window for sodium valproate, and the blood concentration is too low to control epilepsy, while it is easy to poison the body if the concentration is too high. It is therefore necessary to monitor drug concentration reasonably in order to control epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to establish a model for predicting concentrations of sodium valproate below 50 <i>μ</i>g/mL in children with epilepsy. <i>Methods</i>. The clinical data and biochemical examination results of children with epilepsy treated in the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital from June 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected and divided into a development group and a validation group according to a patient ratio of 8 to 2. Five machine learning algorithms were used to identify the key variable factors, and a risk prediction model for sodium valproate blood concentrations lower than the standard concentration was established. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, GiViTi calibration band, and clinical influence curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical application value of the model. <i>Results</i>. A total of 525 children with epilepsy were enrolled. In the development group, the random forest algorithm performed best in predicting that the blood concentration of sodium valproate was lower than the standard concentration, showing the highest AUC (1.00). Six factors were determined as a nomogram to predict the incidence of low concentrations. In the validation group and the development group, the calibration curve, GiViTi calibration band, and clinical influence curve all performed well in the evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy and clinical application value of the model. <i>Conclusions</i>. This finding highlights the importance of examining biochemical indices in patients when data regarding the blood concentration of sodium valproate are lacking.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/9996553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Diagnostic Value of KIM-1, NGAL, and NLR in Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Diquat Poisoning","authors":"Tiezhen Liu,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Hongna Qi,&nbsp;Wenpin Xu,&nbsp;Xun Gao,&nbsp;Weizhan Wang,&nbsp;Baoyue Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2023/8213247","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8213247","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. The kidney is the main excretory organ after diquat absorption. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in diquat poisoning patients. <i>Objectives</i>. To identify the value of combined detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early diagnosis of diquat-induced AKI. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. The retrospective cohort study included 42 diquat poisoning patients. <i>Results</i>. Forty-two patients with diquat poisoning were included, of which 20 had fulminant poisoning (47.6%). At admission (0 h), levels of KIM-1, NGAL, NLR, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores in the fulminant poisoning group were higher than that of the moderate to severe poisoning group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and they were all higher than in the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) levels did not significantly differ across the three groups (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). At 12 h and 24 h, the levels of KIM-1, NGAL, NLR, UA, BUN, and APACHE II scores of patients in the fulminant poisoning group were higher than those in the moderate to severe poisoning group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), 12 h were higher than 0 h, and 24 h were higher than 12 h (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Among 42 patients with diquat poisoning, 28 had AKI (66.7%). At 0 h, the AKI group had higher levels of KIM-1, NGAL, NLR, and APACHE II scores than in the non-AKI (NAKI) group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference in BUN and UA levels between the two groups (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). At 12 h and 24 h, the levels of KIM-1, NGAL, NLR, UA, BUN, and APACHE II scores in the AKI group were higher than those in the NAKI group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), 12 h were higher than 0 h, and 24 h were higher than 12 h (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). KIM-1, NGAL, and NLR are independent risk markers for AKI in diquat poisoning patients. At admission (0 h), the combined application of KIM-1, NGAL, and NLR’s sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for predicting AKI in diquat poisoning patients was 0.893, 0.859, and 0.903, respectively. <i>Conclusions</i>. KIM-1, NGAL, and NLR can be employed as early diagnostic indicators for the clinical prediction of AKI in diquat poisoning patients. Our findings may help clinicians reduce the occurrence of AKI.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/8213247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Vancomycin Utilization in the Medical and Gynecology Wards of Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Baye Yrga Adugna,&nbsp;Zewdu Yilma Dlie,&nbsp;Biset Asrade Mekonnen,&nbsp;Abebe Tarekegn Kassaw","doi":"10.1155/2023/2335694","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/2335694","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. Drug use evaluation is an approach that focuses on evaluating and optimizing drug use practices to achieve the best possible patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the appropriateness of vancomycin usage patterns and their practical application in hospitalized patients. <i>Methods</i>. An institutional-based descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study design was carried out among 265 hospitalized patients from May 1, 2022, to July 30, 2022. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. <i>Result</i>. Among the 265 study participants, 60.4% were male respondents, while 86.8% of vancomycin was administered for treatment; however, 13.2% was administered for prophylaxis. In addition, 41.9% and 27.5% of vancomycin were ordered for treatment of meningitis and pneumonia, respectively. The culture was performed for only 17.4% of patients, and 82.6% of vancomycin was used for empiric therapy. Most (66.8%) of vancomycin was given in the dose range of 800–1000 mg. The finding indicates that 57.36% and 39.25% were due to incorrect doses and durations, respectively. Only 17.4% of patients had sensitivity tests. <i>Conclusions</i>. Vancomycin inappropriateness was common with the indication, dose, frequency, and duration of therapy according to the guidelines. Vancomycin was mostly indicated as empiric therapy, even though the sensitive test was performed in a small amount. Given the widespread use of vancomycin as an empiric drug, its utilization should be monitored closely. Therefore, the usual sensitive test is recommended to identify those intermediate and resistant results and to predict the outcomes of the treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/2335694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}