Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Factors Influencing Insulin Adherence among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Pharmaceutical Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Ting He,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Wen Sun,&nbsp;Lintong Li,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Cheng Ji","doi":"10.1155/2024/5518977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5518977","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Aims</i>. This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors significantly influencing long-term insulin medication adherence among outpatients and to evaluate whether pharmaceutical interventions targeting these factors can improve patient medication adherence and glycemic control. <i>Methods</i>. A cohort of 180 patients was recruited from a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China. Factors potentially influencing insulin adherence were scrutinized employing the KAP (knowledge, attitude/belief, and practice) health behavior model. Baseline characteristics were extracted from the hospital information system, while patient knowledge of the disease and medication, medication adherence, medication beliefs, and management self-efficacy were assessed, respectively, using self-developed questionnaires, MMAS-8, C-DMSES, and BMQ scales. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the impact of these factors on insulin adherence. Following this, participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received three months of weekly telephone sessions and educational interventions targeting facets such as medication knowledge and beliefs, while the control group received standard care. After the intervention, insulin adherence and glycemic control conditions of both groups were collected and re-evaluated. <i>Results</i>. After excluding lost-to-follow-up patients, 152 individuals were analyzed (intervention: 75 and control: 77). Multivariate analyses revealed factors influencing insulin adherence, including age, diabetes duration, health insurance status, HbA1c level, disease and medication knowledge, diabetes management self-efficacy, and medication beliefs (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Before targeted pharmaceutical care, no significant differences existed in insulin adherence, HbA1c levels, management self-efficacy, knowledge, or medication beliefs between intervention and control groups (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). However, subsequent pharmaceutical intervention notably improved adherence, HbA1c levels, self-efficacy, knowledge, and medication beliefs (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). <i>Conclusion</i>. This study examines the impact of glycemic control, health insurance status, management self-efficacy, level of knowledge, and medication beliefs on improving insulin medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Targeted pharmaceutical intervention can enhance medication adherence, improve glucose control, and promote rational insulin use. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2300074444.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5518977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioequivalence and Safety of Two Formulations of Tofacitinib Citrate Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers under Fasting and Fed Conditions: Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Period, Single-Dose, Crossover Trials","authors":"Yanping Liu,&nbsp;Yuping Ning,&nbsp;Yan Shi,&nbsp;Man Xu,&nbsp;Juanmin Tao,&nbsp;Yafen Dong,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Yan Qiu","doi":"10.1155/2024/7914586","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7914586","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Purpose</i>. To evaluate the bioequivalence of two different tofacitinib citrate tablets formulations among healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions and to observe the safety of test preparation and reference preparation in healthy subjects. <i>Method</i>. This randomized, open-label, 2-period, crossover, bioequivalence study included 64 healthy Chinese subjects (fasting: <i>n</i> = 32, fed: <i>n</i> = 32). The subjects were assigned to receive a single 5-mg dose of the test or a reference tofacitinib citrate tablets. Blood samples were collected at predose and up to 24 hours after dosing. Area under the plasma concentration time curve from zero to the last measurable concentration (AUC_0-<i>t</i>), the area from time zero to infinite (AUC_0-∞), and maximum plasma concentration (<i>C</i>_max) were used for bioequivalence assessment. Safety assessment was conducted by vital signs, physical examination, laboratory examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram during the study, from the time the subject receiving the test drug to the end of the last visit. <i>Results</i>. Under fed condition, the 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of the test/reference for tofacitinib citrate tablets were 98.40–104.16% for AUC_0-<i>t</i>, 89.96–116.70% for <i>C</i>_max, and 98.50–104.15% for AUC_0-∞. Under fasting condition, the 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of the test/reference for tofacitinib citrate tablets were 93.65–101.60% for AUC_0-<i>t</i>, 90.06–109.15% for <i>C</i>_max, and 93.88–101.51% for AUC_0-∞. There were no serious events. <i>Conclusion</i>. The 90% CI for the geometric mean ratio (test/reference) of <i>C</i>_max, AUC_0-<i>t</i>, and AUC_0-∞ were within the range of 80.00%–125.00%, indicating that the test formulation was equivalent to the reference formulation in healthy Chinese subjects under both fasting and fed conditions. They are similar in terms of safety. This trial is registered with CTR20190366.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7914586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinatin Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Processes in Trophoblast Cells by Inhibiting TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Pathway in Preeclampsia","authors":"Xiangyun Deng,&nbsp;Hu Chen,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Fengmei Xu,&nbsp;Qian Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/2296727","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2296727","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background</i>. Preeclampsia (PE) is a common obstetric disorder hallmarked by impaired trophoblast invasion and a skew toward an inflammatory immune response. Echinatin, a flavonoid with established anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, may offer therapeutic benefits in PE. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of echinatin on preeclampsia <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> and to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of its action. <i>Methods</i>. Eighteen adult female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three experimental groups: a PE model group, a PE + echinatin treatment group, and a PE + echinatin treatment group with TLR4 overexpression. Placental tissue CK7 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL immunofluorescence staining quantified placental cell apoptosis. Cell viability, proliferation, and migration were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, EdU incorporation, and Transwell assays, respectively. Oxidative stress parameters of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Flow cytometry determined cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Western blotting evaluated the expression of proteins related to the TLR4-MyD88-NF-<i>κ</i>B signaling pathway, and the concentrations of TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6, and IL-18 were measured with ELISA kits. <i>Results</i>. Echinatin mitigated placental damage, reduced apoptosis, and increased CK7 expression. It significantly enhanced HTR-8/SVneo cell viability and migration. Echinatin also counteracted H₂O₂-induced ROS production and cell death in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Moreover, it inhibited the expression of proteins within the TLR4-MyD88-NF-<i>κ</i>B signaling cascade. Overexpression of TLR4 negated echinatin’s protective effects. <i>Conclusion</i>. Echinatin exerts protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation in PE by targeting the TLR4-MyD88-NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway, suggesting its therapeutic potential for the management of preeclampsia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2296727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Selumetinib and Its N-desmethyl Metabolite in Japanese and Non-Japanese Pediatric Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Inoperable Plexiform Neurofibromas","authors":"Takumi Shinbo,&nbsp;Mitsuo Higashimori,&nbsp;Ignacio González-García,&nbsp;Maria Learoyd","doi":"10.1155/2024/4939254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4939254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. Selumetinib, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor, has been approved in several countries and regions, including Japan, for the treatment of pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas at a body surface area (BSA)-based dose of 25 mg/m² twice daily. The objective of this population pharmacokinetic analysis was to evaluate ethnic sensitivity in the pharmacokinetics of selumetinib and N-desmethyl selumetinib between Japanese and non-Japanese pediatric patients. <i>Methods</i>. This population pharmacokinetic analysis was based on data from 80 pediatric patients enrolled in two clinical trials, one conducted in Japan and one conducted in the United States, comprising 12 Japanese participants and 68 non-Japanese participants. Both clinical trials used BSA-based dosing schemes. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination and sequential zero-order and first-order delayed absorption for selumetinib, combined with a one-compartment model with first-order elimination for N-desmethyl selumetinib, was used for this analysis. Ethnic sensitivity in pharmacokinetics was evaluated by covariate modeling and comparison of model-predicted exposures. <i>Results</i>. Covariate modeling showed that BSA had a clinically relevant impact on the pharmacokinetics of selumetinib. None of the other investigated covariates, such as race, had a significant impact. The predicted exposure in Japanese and non-Japanese patients showed a considerably overlapping distribution, and no clinically relevant difference in exposure was apparent. <i>Conclusions</i>. These findings support the use of the same BSA-based dosing regimen for Japanese and non-Japanese pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. Subsequent to this analysis, selumetinib was approved at the BSA-based dose of 25 mg/m² in Japan, which is consistent with the recommended dosage and administration in other regions and countries. This analysis used data from trial registered with NCT04495127, and NCT01362803.</p>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Preoperative Sleep Fragmentation on Cognitive Function in Mice: The Role of Microglial Activation and Iron Metabolism","authors":"Yong Chen,&nbsp;Peng Yao,&nbsp;Yujuan You,&nbsp;Xianliang Xing,&nbsp;Xifeng Wang,&nbsp;Weijian Zhou,&nbsp;Yanhui Hu,&nbsp;Enjun Lei","doi":"10.1155/2024/4376698","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4376698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a significant concern, particularly for aged individuals. Sleep fragmentation (SF), a common condition in older adults, is considered a risk factor for PND. The present study explored the impact of SF on cognitive function and its association with microglial activation and iron metabolism. <i>Methods</i>. Adult and aged C57BL/6J mice were subjected to tibial fracture surgery (TFS) and varying durations of SF. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze and fear conditioning experiments. Microglial activation was evaluated by measuring CD68 protein expression and inflammatory cytokine levels. Iron metabolism and ferroptosis-related proteins were also examined. <i>Results</i>. SF significantly impacted spatial memory and conditioned fear responses in mice, with aged mice showing greater susceptibility. Microglial activation, indicated by changes in CD68 protein expression and inflammatory cytokine levels, was observed in mice exposed to SF. Alterations in iron metabolism, as evidenced by changes in hippocampal iron content and expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, were also observed in these mice. <i>Conclusion</i>. SF can lead to significant cognitive impairment, particularly in aged mice, likely mediated through microglial activation and dysregulated iron metabolism. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of PND and suggest potential targets for intervention. <i>Significance</i>. This study illuminates the complex interactions between SF, microglial activation, and cognitive function. It highlights the importance of sleep quality for cognitive health in older adults and points to potential therapeutic strategies for preventing PND, including targeting microglial activation and iron metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neoadjuvant Administration of PD-1 Inhibitor plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Yong Chen,&nbsp;Shuangmei Zhu,&nbsp;Xiang Lan,&nbsp;Tianzhen Hu,&nbsp;Lele Ma,&nbsp;Hong Ye,&nbsp;Baoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Xiao He,&nbsp;Hanying Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5542947","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5542947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Objective</i>. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown potency for neoadjuvant therapy in several cancers, while their administration combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as a neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is seldom reported. The current study aimed to investigate the pathological response, survival, and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus CCRT in locally advanced ESCC patients. <i>Methods</i>. Twenty-five locally advanced ESCC patients who underwent PD-1 inhibitor plus CCRT neoadjuvant therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding radiological response, pathological response, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were retrieved. <i>Results</i>. Two (8.0%), 14 (56.0%), 9 (36.0%), and 0 (0.0%) patients had a clinical response of complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease after neoadjuvant therapy by radiological evaluations, respectively. Notably, 25 (100.0%) patients had successful tumor resections, 24 (96.0%) patients realized R0 resection, and 13 (52.0%) patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) by pathological evaluations. Regarding survival profiles, the 1-year and 2-year accumulating DFS rates were 90.0% and 74.6%, respectively; then, the 1-year and 2-year accumulating OS rates were 95.5% and 90.4%, respectively. The top prevalent adverse events were fatigue (48.0%), nausea and vomiting (40.0%), leukopenia (36.0%), neutropenia (36.0%), and peripheral neuropathy (36.0%). In addition, grades 3-4 adverse events included peripheral neuropathy (12.0%), nausea and vomiting (4.0%), leukopenia (4.0%), neutropenia (4.0%), anemia (4.0%), and pruritus (4.0%). <i>Conclusion</i>. Neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus CCRT shows a good efficacy and acceptable tolerance for locally advanced ESCC treatment, but further large-scale study validation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Two Combination Metformin/Glipizide Tablets under Fasting and Fed Conditions in Chinese Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study","authors":"Yuyan Lei,&nbsp;Yu Yan,&nbsp;Lifeng Huang,&nbsp;Canxia Li,&nbsp;Wanying Liu,&nbsp;Qiuxia Shen,&nbsp;Caihong Wang,&nbsp;Hongying Yang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Li,&nbsp;Wanyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Jiankun Su,&nbsp;Yuhong Xie,&nbsp;Weiming Chen,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Junli Lu,&nbsp;Lulu Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/9200636","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9200636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metformin/glipizide tablets are a compound formulation composed of metformin hydrochloride and glipizide. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets of metformin/glipizide (500 mg/2.5 mg) in healthy Chinese subjects. We conducted a single-center, open-label, randomized, two-way crossover study with a total of 48 subjects enrolled (24 in each dietary group). The test or reference formulations were given to the subjects at random at a ratio of 1 : 1, with a seven-day washout period. Blood samples, collected at prearranged intervals before and up to 24 hours after dosage, were analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS technology to ascertain plasma concentrations of metformin and glipizide. Finally, 23 subjects completed the fasting and fed studies, respectively. In both studies, the 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (test/reference) of the <i>C</i>_max, AUC_0-<i>t</i>, and AUC_0-<i>∞</i> were all found to fall within the acceptable range for bioequivalence (80%–125%). The exposure of metformin/glipizide FDC tablets in vivo was not significantly affected by food. No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both the test and reference metformin/glipizide tablets exhibited bioequivalence and were well tolerated under both fasting and fed conditions. This trial is registered with CTR202686.</p>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Mechanism of Echinatin against Cervical Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology","authors":"Hu Chen,&nbsp;Jinlei Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/7008847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7008847","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cervical cancer significantly impacts women’s health due to its high mortality rate and increasing prevalence among younger individuals, thereby posing a severe threat. Echinatin is the primary active component of licorice in traditional Chinese medicine. However, studies on its use in cervical cancer treatment are limited. In our study, 198 targets of Echinatin were identified by some databases. Among these, 40 core targets related to cervical cancer were selected. Enrichment analyses revealed that Echinatin operated through genes associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and various cancer-related signaling pathways. Differential expression of intersecting targets was verified in the GEO database, and molecular docking also indicated a strong binding capacity between active compounds and identified targets. Moreover, the results of western blot provided further evidence at the protein level. Echinatin hindered the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa and SiHa cells while increasing their apoptosis. This study predicted the potential targets and beneficial effects of Echinatin in cervical cancer treatment, which provides a new avenue for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Echinatin in cervical cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Adverse Events of Ketamine Drugs: A Real-World Study Based on FAERS","authors":"Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Qin Guo,&nbsp;Ran Zhang,&nbsp;Menghui Wei,&nbsp;Zhongbiao Nie","doi":"10.1155/2024/4898082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4898082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Objective</i>. To identify gender differences in the adverse events (AEs) of ketamine, reduce the AEs among patients, and contribute to the advancement of personalized medicine. <i>Methods</i>. A normalized dataset from 2004 Q1 to the 2022 Q4 in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was analysed. The reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and <i>P</i> value were used to detect the risk signals from the data in the FAERS database and quantify the presence and extent of gender differences in ketamine AEs. <i>Results</i>. Totally, 5,477 ketamine (female/male (2507/1795)) AE reports were analysed, and sedation (ROR 1.30 (1.07, 1.58)), suicidal ideation (ROR 1.30 (1.03, 1.64)), nausea (ROR 1.37 (1.05, 1.78)), depression (ROR 1.22 (1.13, 1.61)), dizziness (ROR 2.25 (1.78, 2.90)), anxiety (ROR 1.48 (1.09, 1.99)), and other adverse events were found to be significantly more frequent in male patients than in female patients. <i>Conclusion</i>. Using FAERS, we identified gender as factors associated with ketamine-related AEs. With the limitations inherent to this open data source, our data need prospective validation but elucidate potential factors for a personalized side effect profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan and Its Derivative-Based Nanoparticles in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Promising Anticancer Strategies","authors":"Zahra Shokati Eshkiki,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mansouri,&nbsp;Amir Reza Karamzadeh,&nbsp;Abolfazl Namazi,&nbsp;Hafez Heydari,&nbsp;Javad Akhtari,&nbsp;Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian,&nbsp;Abolfazl Akbari","doi":"10.1155/2024/1239661","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1239661","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Gastrointestinal cancers account for a significant health concern as the existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, exhibit considerable drawbacks, including a high probability of recurrence, insufficient drug specificity, and severe adverse effects. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches and enhanced tissue-specific targeting are required. Nanomedicine is a field of medicine that uses nanoscale carriers for targeting and administering drugs or diagnostic agents to particular tissues. In the field of nanomedicine, chitosan nanoparticles are well-established delivery technologies used as polymeric carriers. Chitosan is a natural carbohydrate that is biocompatible, biodegradable, polycationic, and mucoadhesive. Chitosan has shown promise in the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, gene therapy, and immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. The limited water solubility of chitosan is one of its major disadvantages as a drug delivery system. Thus, solubility may be increased by chemically treating chitosan. Chitosan derivatives improve the activity, selectivity, biocompatibility, and therapeutic dose reduction of anticancer drugs when used in hydrogel, emulsion, surfactant formulations, and nanoformulation. Chitosan and its derivatives have shown effectiveness in nanoparticle production and exhibit unique surface properties, enabling them to interact selectively with gastrointestinal tumors through both active and passive targeting mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular signaling pathways of chitosan nanoparticles and their derivatives as potential anticancer agents. The potential of future chitosan applications in gastrointestinal cancers is additionally highlighted.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1239661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}