Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion allowing awake deep brain stimulation in a Parkinson's disease patient.","authors":"Francesca Spagnolo,&nbsp;Francesco Romeo,&nbsp;Piermassimo Proto,&nbsp;Augusto Maria Rini,&nbsp;Emanuela Leopizzi,&nbsp;Andrea Tedesco,&nbsp;Marco Frizzi,&nbsp;Bruno Passarella","doi":"10.1186/s40734-021-00091-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-021-00091-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) have demonstrated in the last decades to determine an important clinical improvement in advanced and selected Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, only a minority of parkinsonian patients meet the criteria to undergo DBS, and the surgical procedure itself is often stressful, especially for patients experiencing severe OFF state. Subcutaneous Apomorphine continuous administration is suitable as an adjunctive therapy capable of improving a suboptimal DBS result. Here we hypothesize a possible role for subcutaneous apomorphine infusion to alleviate severe OFF state in parkinsonian patients undergoing DBS, thus allowing intraoperative microrecording and patient's collaboration during clinical testing.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 68-year-old man, suffering from a very long PD-history, characterized by a severe akinetic status and dramatic non-motor features while in OFF, underwent Subthalamic-DBS keeping a slight but continuous apomorphine infusion (1.8 mg/hour), able to guarantee the right degree of patient's collaboration without interfering with microelectrode recordings. There were no intra or perioperative complications and after the procedure he experienced a marked clinical benefit, being able to stop apomorphine administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Here we described the first Subthalamic DBS procedure performed with a low and stable dopaminergic stimulation guaranteed by subcutaneous Apomorphine continuous infusion. For its rapidity of action and prompt reversibility, apomorphine could be particularly suitable for use during difficult surgical procedures in PD, allowing more therapeutic opportunities for patients who would otherwise be excluded from the DBS option.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39884315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video-based long-term follow up of musician’s dystonia in pianists reveals similar improvements following different treatment strategies: a retrospective observational study","authors":"Julius Gründahl, M. Grossbach, E. Altenmüller","doi":"10.1186/s40734-021-00092-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-021-00092-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78994949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AbobotulinumtoxinA using 2-mL dilution (500 U/2-mL) maintains durable improvement across multiple treatment cycles.","authors":"Khashayar Dashtipour,&nbsp;Stefan Wietek,&nbsp;Bruce Rubin,&nbsp;Pascal Maisonobe,&nbsp;Laxman Bahroo,&nbsp;Richard Trosch","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-00090-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-00090-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical dystonia (CD), the most common focal dystonia, is a chronic neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, leading to abnormal postures. AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) was approved in the US initially as a 500 U per 1-mL dilution and subsequently, as a 500 U/2-mL dilution (or 250 U/mL), thereby providing clinicians with more flexible dosing options to better meet individual patient needs. The objective of this open-label extension study was to evaluate the longer term safety and efficacy of repeat treatments with aboBoNT-A using 2-mL dilutions in adults with cervical dystonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (<i>N</i> = 112) from a 12-week, double-blind lead-in study (NCT01753310) received up to three additional treatments of aboBoNT-A, with re-treatment every 12-16 weeks based on clinical judgment. Safety was assessed through treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) total and subscale scores were measured at day 1 of each treatment cycle (C), 4 weeks after each treatment, and 12 weeks after the third treatment. Descriptive statistics were used for all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, 35.7, 25.9, 30.2, and 22.8% of patients reported TEAEs. Dysphagia, muscular weakness, and neck pain were each reported by 10.7% of patients, over the full study duration. Mean TWSTRS total score decreased from 37.7 (SD 13.6 [C1, day 1]) to 30.1 (SD 12.8 [C3, week 12]). In each cycle, TWSTRS total and subscale scores decreased from day 1 to week 4 and increased between weeks 4 and 12, though the week 12 scores remained lower than day 1 scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extended treatment of cervical dystonia with aboBoNT-A (up to 3 additional treatment cycles) using a 2-mL dilution is effective, with a positive risk-benefit profile.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01753336. Registered 17 Dec 2012.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-00090-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38343297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential impact and challenges associated with Parkinson's disease patient care amidst the COVID-19 global pandemic.","authors":"Ali Elbeddini, Anthony To, Yasamin Tayefehchamani, Cindy Wen","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-00089-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40734-020-00089-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has made itself known to health care providers and families across the world in a matter of months. While primarily a respiratory disorder, it has also been shown to cause neurological symptoms, which can be a concern for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Although PD is not as common as other conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, it affects millions of patients around the world whose care has been affected by the global pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this review is to provide insight into the direct and indirect associations between COVID-19 and PD patient care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Potential direct effects of COVID-19 include possible neurodegeneration, concerns of symptom self-management with over-the-counter (OTC) products and ICU challenges that can arise in PD patients. In addition, a subset of PD patients may be at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection. The indirect effects of the pandemic are associated with the social distancing measures and disruptions in health care systems and PD clinical trials, which may negatively affect PD patients' mental wellbeing and create barriers in controlling their PD symptoms. On a more positive note, telemedical care is quickly emerging as a primary communication tool for virtual patient care. However, further research should be conducted to examine the applicability of telemedicine across the entire PD population, such as those with more severe symptoms living in less developed areas. With all the uncertainty during this time, it is hopeful to hear many promising COVID-19 treatments being researched, one of them being a PD drug therapy, amantadine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hopefully, we can consider this pandemic an opportunity to strengthen the PD community and learn more about the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus. This review provides an overview of the interaction between COVID-19 and PD patients and future investigational retrospective studies are suggested to validate the observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-00089-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38262169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Economic evaluation of AbobotulinumtoxinA vs OnabotulinumtoxinA in real-life clinical management of cervical dystonia.","authors":"V P Misra,&nbsp;N Danchenko,&nbsp;P Maisonobe,&nbsp;J Lundkvist,&nbsp;M Hunger","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-00088-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-00088-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40734-020-0083-0.].</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-00088-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38228310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective measurement in Parkinson's disease: a descriptive analysis of Parkinson's symptom scores from a large population of patients across the world using the Personal KinetiGraph®.","authors":"Rajesh Pahwa,&nbsp;Filip Bergquist,&nbsp;Malcolm Horne,&nbsp;Michael E Minshall","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-00087-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-00087-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Personal KinetiGraph® (PKG®) Movement Recording System provides continuous, objective, ambulatory movement data during routine daily activities and provides information on medication compliance, motor fluctuations, immobility, and tremor for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence has proposed targets for treatable symptoms. Indications for PKG vary by country and patient selection varies by physician.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analyses were based upon 27,834 complete and de-identified PKGs from January 2012 to August 2018 used globally for routine clinical care. Median scores for bradykinesia (BKS) and dyskinesia (DKS) as well as percent time with tremor (PTT) and percent time immobile (PTI) were included as well as proportions of PKGs above published PKG summary score target values (BKS > 25, DKS > 9, PTT > 1%, PTI > 10%). Two sub-analyses included subjects who had 2+ PKG records and scores above proposed BKS and DKS targets, respectively, on their first PKG. Median BKS and DKS scores for subsequent PKGs (1st, 2nd, etc.) were summarized and limited to those with 100+ subsequent PKGs for each data point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences between countries were found for all 4 PKG parameter median scores (all <i>p < 0.0001</i>). Overall, 54% of BKS scores were > 25 and ranged from 46 to 61% by country. 10% of all DKS scores were > 9 and ranged from 5 to 15% by country. Sub-analysis for BKS showed global median BKS and DKS scores across subsequent PKGs for subjects who had 2+ PKGs and had BKS > 25 on their first PKG. There were significant changes in BKS from 1st to 2nd-6th PKGs <i>(all p < 0.0001).</i> Sub-analysis for DKS showed global median BKS & DKS scores across subsequent PKGs for subjects who had 2+ PKGs and had DKS > 9 on their first PKG. There were significant changes in DKS from 1st to 2nd and 3rd PKGs <i>(both p < 0.0001)</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This analysis shows that in every country evaluated a meaningful proportion of patients have sub-optimal PD motor symptoms and substantial variations exist across countries. Continuous objective measurement (COM) in routine care of PD enables identification and quantification of PD motor symptoms, which can be used to enhance clinical decision making, track symptoms over time and improve PD symptom scores. Thus, clinicians can use these PKG scores during routine clinical management to identify PD symptoms and work to move patients into a target range or a more controlled symptom state.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-00087-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37908218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of tremor using consumer product accelerometry is feasible in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson's disease: a comparative study.","authors":"Emilie M J van Brummelen,&nbsp;Dimitrios Ziagkos,&nbsp;Wadim M I de Boon,&nbsp;Ellen P Hart,&nbsp;Robert J Doll,&nbsp;Teppo Huttunen,&nbsp;Petteri Kolehmainen,&nbsp;Geert Jan Groeneveld","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-00086-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-00086-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To quantify pharmacological effects on tremor in patients with essential tremor (ET) or Parkinson's Disease (PD), laboratory-grade accelerometers have previously been used. Over the last years, consumer products such as smartphones and smartwatches have been increasingly applied to measure tremor in an easy way. However, it is unknown how the technical performance of these consumer product accelerometers (CPAs) compares to laboratory-grade accelerometers (LGA). This study was performed to compare the technical performance of CPAs with LGA to measure tremor in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In ten patients with PD and ten with ET, tremor peak frequency and corresponding amplitude were measured with 7 different CPAs (Apple iPhone 7, Apple iPod Touch 5, Apple watch 2, Huawei Nexus 6P, Huawei watch, mbientlabMetaWear (MW) watch, mbientlab MW clip) and compared to a LGA (Biometrics ACL300) in resting and extended arm position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both in PD and ET patients, the peak frequency of CPAs did not significantly differ from the LGA in terms of limits of agreement. For the amplitude at peak frequency, only the iPhone and MW watch performed comparable to the LGA in ET patients, while in PD patients all methods performed comparable except for the iPod Touch and Huawei Nexus. Amplitude was higher when measured with distally-located CPAs (Clip, iPhone, iPod) compared with proximally-located CPAs (all watches). The variability between subjects was higher than within subjects for frequency (25.1% vs. 13.4%) and amplitude measurement (331% vs. 53.6%). Resting arm position resulted in lower intra-individual variability for frequency and amplitude (13.4 and 53.5%) compared to extended arm position (17.8 and 58.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peak frequencies of tremor could be measured with all tested CPAs, with similar performance as LGA. The amplitude measurements appeared to be driven by anatomical location of the device and can therefore not be compared. Our results show that the tested consumer products can be used for tremography, allowing at-home measurements, in particular in studies with a cross-over or intra-individual comparison design using the resting arm position.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered in the Dutch Competent Authority (CCMO) database with number NL60672.058.17 on May 30th 2017.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-00086-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37825344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B12 measurements across neurodegenerative disorders.","authors":"Nijee S Luthra,&nbsp;Ariane H Marcus,&nbsp;Nancy K Hills,&nbsp;Chadwick W Christine","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-00085-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-00085-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin B12 deficiency causes a number of neurological features including cognitive and psychiatric disturbances, gait instability, neuropathy, and autonomic dysfunction. Clinical recognition of B12 deficiency in neurodegenerative disorders is more challenging because it causes defects that overlap with expected disease progression. We sought to determine whether B12 levels at the time of diagnosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) differed from those in patients with other neurodegenerative disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional analysis of B12 levels obtained around the time of diagnosis in patients with PD, Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We also evaluated the rate of B12 decline in PD, AD, and MCI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, and B12 supplementation, we found that B12 levels were significantly lower at time of diagnosis in patients with PD than in patients with PSP, FTD, and DLB. In PD, AD, and MCI, the rate of B12 decline ranged from - 17 to - 47 pg/ml/year, much greater than that reported for the elderly population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further studies are needed to determine whether comorbid B12 deficiency affects progression of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-00085-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37810273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluation of AbobotulinumtoxinA vs OnabotulinumtoxinA in real-life clinical management of cervical dystonia.","authors":"V P Misra,&nbsp;N Danchenko,&nbsp;P Maisonobe,&nbsp;J Lundkvist,&nbsp;M Hunger","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-0083-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-0083-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulinum neurotoxins type A (BoNT-As) are commonly used treatments for cervical dystonia (CD). Clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of them in these patients, but data from real-life clinical practice as well as comparative data on the cost and outcome of different BoNT-A formulations are limited. The aim of this study was to compare abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) and onabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNT-A) on their clinical outcomes and drug costs in real-life clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis included 356 adult patients with idiopathic CD treated with aboBoNT-A (<i>n</i> = 253) or onaBoNT-A (<i>n</i> = 103) from 38 centres across Europe and Australia (NCT00833196). The clinical outcome measures were treatment responses, changes in TWSTRS scores and changes in health utility scores from baseline to study visit 2 and 3. Health utility score was mapped from the TWSTRS total scale, using a previous publication. Costs included drug cost for France.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The aboBoNT-A treated group had 2.06 (95% CI: 1.15 to 3.69) times higher odds of achieving treatment response than the onaBoNT-A treated group. The adjusted mean change in TWSTRS total score from baseline to visit 3 were - 6.42 (95% CI: - 7.52 to - 5.33) for aboBoNT-A and - 3.94 (95% CI: - 5.68 to - 2.2) for onaBoNT-A, with a difference of - 2.48 (95% CI: - 4.57 to - 0.39). The corresponding difference in the adjusted mean change for health utility score was 0.008 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.014). Mean treatment costs for aboBoNT-A and onaBoNT-A were 314.1 (95% CI: 299.1 to 329.0) and 346.6 (95% CI: 322.9 to 370.4) Euros, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comparative analysis indicated that treatment with aboBoNT-A may be less costly and lead to improved clinical outcomes when compared with onaBoNT-A, from a French healthcare system perspective. Additional comparative clinical data from larger patient cohorts, as well as more information about cost consequences of an improvement in clinical outcome would be of value to further confirm the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-0083-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37654749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study on the use of intensive pediatric neurorehabilitation in the treatment of kernicterus.","authors":"Jessie Mann,&nbsp;Dory A Wallace,&nbsp;Stephanie DeLuca","doi":"10.1186/s40734-020-0084-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-020-0084-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kernicterus Spectrum Disorder (KSD) is the result of prolonged bilirubin toxicity resulting in widespread neurological injury. Once the bilirubin levels are normalized the encephalopathy becomes static, however the consequences of the injury can have life-long effects. The sequelae of KSD include motor impairments, auditory deficits, dental dysplasia, and potentially cognitive impairments. While KSD is a rare diagnosis, particularly in developed countries, there is evidence that there may be a global increase in incidence (Hansen, Semin Neonatol 7:103-9, 2002; Johnson, J Perinatol 29:S25-45, 2009; Kaplan etal. Neonatology 100:354-62, 2011; Maisels, Early Hum Dev 85:727-32, 2009; Olusanya etal., Arch Dis Child 99:1117-21, 2014; Steffensrud, Newborn Infant Nurs Rev 4:191-200, 2004). The literature on the treatment of various specific sequelae of KSD is varied, but in general specific therapeutic efforts to improve motor skills are not evidenced-based. The following is a case report on the use of Acquire therapy, an intensive neuromotor intervention, to ameliorate some of the motor-function deficits secondary to KSD.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case-report presents the results of two intensive therapeutic intervention sessions in one male child with KSD. Treatments occurred at 28 and 34 months. The child presented with fine and gross motor deficits as well as communication delays. Each session consisted of daily therapy for 4 h each weekday for 3 weeks. The child was assessed before and after treatment with 2 standardized measures, the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The GMFM at the 1st assessment was 34, 74at the 2nd assessment (after intervention 1), and 64 at the third assessment and 104 at the 4th assessment (after intervention 2). The Bayley at the 3rd assessment was 18, and 38 at the 4th assessment (after intervention 2).</p>","PeriodicalId":15374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40734-020-0084-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37630552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}