Fungal Territory最新文献

{"title":"ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI COMMUNITIES FROM Centella asiatica OF BENGKULU ACCESSION","authors":"Nani Radias Tuti, Dwi Ningsih Susilawati, N. Hasni","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.3.22-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.3.22-27","url":null,"abstract":"Various species of endophytic fungi have been isolated and reported from various types of plants and tissues, but how host or plant tissue determines endophytic community structure has not been explored quantitatively. The aim of this research was to understand community structure of endophytic fungi in various organs of Centella asiatica of Bengkulu accession. The analysis data use to Shannon Wienner diversity index (H’), dominance index, colonization rate, frequency of occurrence and UPGMA analysis with Jaccard Coefficient. Total 61 isolates were obtained and grouped into 19 morfotypes, consist of 15 Asomycetes & 4 Basidiomycetes and 10 Genera. The highest colonization rate was in stolons (16%) and the lowest is in petiols (4%). Endophytic fungi were distributed in all of the organs. Leaves harbored more diverse endophytic fungi (H’= 2,138) than the other organs and classified as medium. Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum dan Phoma multirostrata were the dominant species.This research showed that different type of host-pant organs influenced community structure of endophytic fungi from C. asiatica of Bengkulu accession. This is the first report, on the community strcuture of endophytic fungi from C. asiatica from leaves, petiols, stolons, and roots part of the organ plant. Overall, our results indicated that the isolate can be used to analyzed of it’s potential as bioactive compuond same as the host.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123491322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A STATISTICAL STRATEGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CELLULASE, XYLANASE AND -AMYLASE BY CLADOSPORIUM CLADOSPORIOIDES.","authors":"Dr.isaie Mushimiyimana","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.16-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.16-21","url":null,"abstract":"Agro wastes such as carrot peels are economical abundantly and naturally available easily. The present study was aimed for the production of cellulase, xylanase and a-amylase simultaneously using carrot peels. Cladosporium cladosporioides was isolated from soil. It was observed that the fungi displayed high production of cellulase, xylanase and a-amylase using economical substrate such as carrot peel. Cellulase increased up to 1.74U/mL with an approximate of 2.8 fold improvement over the previous production of 0.62 U/mL and xylanase increased up to 19.2 U/mL with an approximate of 2.2 fold over the previous production of 8.43 U/mL. The optimization of media led to 2.5 fold increased in a-amylase activity up to 0.639U/mL over the previous production 0.24 U/mL.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131378498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURES ON THE GROWTH OF FLORAL WASTE DEGRADING FUNGI","authors":"P. Bhati","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.12-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.12-15","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of present study was to find out optimum growth temperature of isolated floral waste degrading fungi viz. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus terreus. Eleven different temperature range ( 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C,36°C,38°C,40°C) were selected to find the optimum growth of these fungi on floral extract-basal medium for flask experiments. The optimum growth temperature of all four fungal strains was found at 32°C±1°C. Beside Alternaria alternate, remaining other three selected fungal strains showed growth at all selected temperatures. At optimum growth temperature (32°C±1°C), the highest growth occurred in Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus terreus (155 mg/50 ml/7 days) while lowest growth was observed in Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternata (140 mg/50 ml/7 days). At minimum selected growth temperature (20°C), maximum growth was found in Aspergillus flavus (45 mg/50 ml/7 days) and lowest growth occurred in Alternaria alternata (35 mg/50 ml/7 days) while at maximum selected growth temperature (40°C) highest growth seen in Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus (30 mg/50 ml/7 days) and no growth recorded in Alternaria alternata (00 mg/50 ml/7 days).","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124813095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF EUCALYPTUS SP., NERIUM OLEANDER AND ALLIUM SATIVUM ON THE GROWTH OF DERMATOPHYTES","authors":"Nadjet Ennaghra, G. Bourzama","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.6-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.6-11","url":null,"abstract":"The surface mycosis of skin, hair and nails are common infections in the world. They are due to the several molds and yeasts. The main agent responsible for these affections is the dermatophytes: filamentous fungi which live in depending on the keratin of the cornea layer, the skin and the superficial growths of human and animal. Their distributions vary from one country to another and area to another in the same country, according to the climate of each area and favors factors development of these fungi. The dermatophytes pose serious problems of health. The thhhThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of three plants against three dermatophytic species induce dermatophytosis in the area of Annaba \"East of Algeria\", isolated from patients reached of the dermatophytosis. We have isolated three species (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugeneum) using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium (SDA), that were tested with crude extracts of three plants; Allium sativum (garlic), Nerium oleander (oleander), and Eucalyptus sp. (eucalyptus). The method applied was the solid state dilutions. The obtained results showed that all extracts examined reduced growth of mycelium compared to the controls. It was found that garlic crude extracts proved the highest growth inhibition against the three species (38, 59% to 100%), followed by eucalyptus with 60% to 80%, whereas, oleander reduces the growth with 50% to 60%.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114958516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of fungal skin infections and their invasion","authors":"A. Hilles, S. Mahmood, M. Kaderi, R. Hashim","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.2.3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi have major roles in microbial community stability, human health, and disease (Peleg et al., 2010). Genomic methodologies to identify fungal species and communities have been limited compared with those that are available for bacteria (Dollive et al., 2012). Superficial mycoses infections are prevalent worldwide. They affect around 20% of the world's population, and this percentage continues to increase (Ameen, 2010).","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116276598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro evaluation of the antifungal activities of eel skin mucus from Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)","authors":"A. Hilles, S. Mahmood, M. Kaderi, R. Hashim, T. Jalal, Mueizzah Afkaarah Salleh","doi":"10.36547/FT.2019.2.1.1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/FT.2019.2.1.1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Discovery and development of new drugs from marine and freshwater animal remain one of the most challenging areas in recent marine sciences field. Thus, the object of current study to examine the antifungal activity of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) skin mucus. Eel skin mucus aqueous and methanol extracts were prepared with different extract concentrations from 0.49 to 1000 μg/mL against fungus pathogens i.e. Aspergillus niger and Microsporum gypseum. The antifungal assay conducted using well diffusion method. The results showed a dose dependent decrease the fungal growth, at 100µl/well, the inhibition zone of methanol extract against M. gypseum (25.7±0.75) mm, while the aqueous one was (23.3±0.16) mm Whereas eel skin mucus methanol and aqueous extracts showed lower inhibition zone against Aspergillus niger at the same concentration which was (11.1±0.59) mm and (9.0±0.15) mm respectively. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity against M. gypseum because M. gypseum infect the upper layers of the skin and eel skin mucus protect eels from infections. The results were statistically significant with p < 0.001. In conclusion, the present study carried out to reveal the antifungal activities of eel skin mucus which might be use as a source of antifungal agent.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115587382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IN VITRO SCREENING OF CELL WALL DEGRADING ENZYME PRODUCTIVITY FROM FUNGAL CULTURE FILTRATES ON DEPROTEINISED PLANT FLUID BY CUP PLATE ASSAY","authors":"R. Jadhav","doi":"10.36547/FT.2018.1.2.5-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/FT.2018.1.2.5-9","url":null,"abstract":"    The present  study  purpose  is  to  evaluate  the  potentiality  of  the  Deproteinised  juice made  from  selected  plants to  induce  the  enzyme productivity  by growing  the   fungi  on  it. It  is  because, in  earlier  findings,  the   DPJ  was  found potential in  enhancing  fungi  and  the  plant  growth  when  used as  the  medium. The internal  factors  are  responsible in  DPJ  which induces  plants  and  fungi  growth.  During  the  process of  Green  Crop  Fractionation (GCF), the deproteinised (DPJ) obtained from  tissues of cabbage, beet, lucerne (Alfalfa), carrot and Anathum (Dill) forages left after leaf protein extraction employed as a medium for the cultivation of mycelial biomass of  Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi. The  mycelial  growth in vitro was  compared with the glucose nitrate medium. The culture filtrates were used to screen different secreted hydrolytic or  cell wall degrading  enzymes.. The agar ‘cup‐plate’ diffusion technique has been applied to the quantitative determination of enzyme activity, principally to amylase, cellulase and protease. With all enzymes so far examined, the relationship between diameter of zone over a wide range secreted quantitatively was  examined.  All fungi grew well on DPJ in comparison to their growth on glucose nitrate (GN) medium. Comparatively with  GN  medium, lucerne DPJ  was found having more mycelial cellular  proliferation.  When the fungi grown on different concentrations of substrates, enriched  with  carboxymethyl cellulose, casein and starch in deproteinised leaf extracts and GN medium, it  was found  that  there  was the enhancement in the mycelial dry weight  grown on  DPJ as compared with glucose nitrate medium. Penicillium showed more  yield of enzyme activities especially of  cellulases and amylases as compared to protease  by  cup  plate  method. There  was  enhancement of  mycelial  biomass when  the  concentrations  of  substrates increased  from  1%  to  2%,  while  there was no  change  in  the  activity  of  all enzymes  by  increasing  the  concentrations of  substrates. Activities  of the enzymes in vitro can be indicative of the pattern of organogenesis in callus cultures in  further  studies by  fungal  culture  filtrates  cultured  on   deproteinised fluid  medium.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEGRADATION OF AZO DYE AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING YEAST MEDIATED MICROBIAL FUEL CELL","authors":"S. Yadav, M. Ragavan, Sanjeeb Kumar Mandal, N. Das","doi":"10.36547/FT.2018.1.1.1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/FT.2018.1.1.1-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the efficiency of yeast mediated microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated towards degradation of Trypan blue (azo dye) and electricity generation. Five yeast strains viz. SC1, SC2, SCD1, SCD2, and SCD3 were isolated from different sources. The internal resistance of yeast isolates was tested using ferric oxide reduction method. To maximize the power density of MFC, NaCl was added to the medium and NaCl tolerance of yeast strains was tested. Among the five isolates, SC1 and SCD2 showed maximum ferric oxide reduction and NaCl tolerance. Initially, 5 % of SC1 and SCD2 yeast culture were inoculated in wastewater containing azo dye (100 µg/ml) in a H-type MFC chamber and 250 ml conical flask used as a control. Increased growth of yeast strain in MFC chamber was noted compared to conical flask culture. The data of electricity generation was taken for 15 days and electricity generation was measured using the multimeter. Maximum electricity generation was noted in SC1 (950mV) followed by SCD2 (750mV). In addition, SC1 could degrade azo dye more efficiently than SCD2. Therefore, it may be concluded thatSC1 yeast mediated MFC can be used as a potential technology for electricity generation and degradation of azo dye in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130204507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCTION OF ALPHA AMYLASE AND CELLULASE FROM SOLID STATE CULTURE OF ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS: A FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS","authors":"S. Khan, A. Mathur","doi":"10.36547/ft.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.321","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand and application of industrially important enzyme necessitate the need to explore new sources with diverse enzymes ranging in their specificity and activities. Enzymes are safe alternatives to chemical synthesis due to minimum side effect and ease of manufacturing. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a cost-effective alternative to submerged fermentation with agro-residues or waste, often being used as substrate for growing diverse organisms for production of metabolites. Current study is one of the scarce report on exploring alpha amylase and cellulase production ability Aspergillus ochraceus (MTCC 1877) using wheat bran as substrate at relative humidity of 90% and at 30 ºC, for 7 days. Result showed the potential of Aspergillus ochraceus (MTCC 1877), as potential source of the two enzymes. Results revealed comparatively higher alpha amylase activity in the SSF extract of Aspergillus ochraceus (MTCC 1877) in comparison to Trichoderma longibrachiatum (ITCC 7839). On the contrary, comparatively higher cellulase activity was observed in the SSF extract of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (ITCC 7839). The results showed the potential of Aspergillus ochraceus (MTCC 1877) as a source of the two enzymes. Variation in enzymes activity may be attributed to the experimental culture conditions and may be further optimized to enhance the enzymes yield.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132894802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}