Laura L Tosi, Kimberly Templeton, Andrew M Pennington, Kendall A Reid, Barbara D Boyan
{"title":"Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Conditions and How They Are Reported.","authors":"Laura L Tosi, Kimberly Templeton, Andrew M Pennington, Kendall A Reid, Barbara D Boyan","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.24.00194","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.24.00194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>There is increasing evidence that musculoskeletal tissues are differentially regulated by sex hormones in males and females. The influence of sex hormones, in addition to other sex-based differences such as in anatomical alignment and immune-system function, impact the prevalence and severity of disease as well as the types of injuries that affect the musculoskeletal system and the outcomes of prevention measures and treatment. Literature specifically addressing sex differences related to the musculoskeletal system is limited, underscoring the imperative for both basic and clinical research on this topic. This review highlights areas of research that have implications for bone and cartilage health, including growth and development, sports injuries, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and bone frailty. It is clear that important aspects of the musculoskeletal system have been understudied. Consideration of how sex hormone therapy will affect musculoskeletal tissues in prepuberty, during puberty, and in adults is vital, yet little is known. The purpose of this article is to foster awareness and interest in advancing our understanding of how sex differences influence orthopaedic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1512-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babar Kayani, Michael E Neufeld, Maria Bautista, Lisa C Howard, Mohammed Abdelmalek, Nelson V Greidanus, Bassam A Masri, Donald S Garbuz
{"title":"The Wagner Cone Stem for Atypical Femoral Anatomy in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Report of 320 Cases with Minimum 5-Year Follow-up.","authors":"Babar Kayani, Michael E Neufeld, Maria Bautista, Lisa C Howard, Mohammed Abdelmalek, Nelson V Greidanus, Bassam A Masri, Donald S Garbuz","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00849","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Wagner Cone Prosthesis was designed to address complex femoral deformities during total hip arthroplasty (THA), but its mid-term component survivorship and functional outcomes remain undetermined. The objectives of this study were to determine the implant survivorship, patient satisfaction, functional outcomes, osseointegration as seen radiographically, implant subsidence, and complications of THA using the Wagner Cone Prosthesis stem at intermediate-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 302 patients with proximal femoral deformities, including developmental hip dysplasia and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, who underwent a total of 320 primary THAs using the Wagner Cone Prosthesis. The average age at the time of surgery was 49.4 ± 14.5 years (range, 18.8 to 85.6 years). Patient satisfaction was recorded using a self-administered questionnaire assessing satisfaction in 4 domains. The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), radiographic outcomes, and complications were recorded. The mean follow-up time was 10.1 years (range, 5.2 to 15.5 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survivorship of the Wagner Cone Prosthesis was 98.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.2% to 100%) with stem revision as the end point and 95.8% (95% CI: 93.5% to 98.2%) with reoperation for any reason as the end point at 10 years postoperatively. In total, 3 stems were revised: 2 for infection and 1 for chronic hip dislocation. The median patient satisfaction score was 95 (interquartile range [IQR], 80 to 100), median UCLA score was 6 (IQR, 6 to 7), median WOMAC score was 18 (IQR, 16 to 22), median OHS was 40 (IQR, 36 to 47), and median FJS was 80 (IQR, 76 to 88) at the time of final follow-up. All Wagner Cone stems that were not revised showed radiographic evidence of osseointegration, with a mean stem subsidence of 0.9 ± 0.8 mm at the most recent follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of the Wagner Cone Prosthesis stem in patients with complex femoral anatomy undergoing primary THA is associated with excellent component survivorship, high levels of patient satisfaction, good functional outcomes, and reliable osseointegration with minimal stem subsidence as seen on radiographs at intermediate-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1461-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith Kenter, Karen Bovid, E Brooke Baker, Eric Carson, Deana Mercer
{"title":"AOA Critical Issues Symposium: Promoting Health Equity.","authors":"Keith Kenter, Karen Bovid, E Brooke Baker, Eric Carson, Deana Mercer","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01056","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Promoting equitable health care is to ensure that everyone has access to high-quality medical services and appropriate treatment options. The definition of health equity often can be misinterpreted, and there are challenges in fully understanding the disparities and costs of health care and when measuring the outcomes of treatment. However, these topics play an important role in promoting health equity. The COVID-19 pandemic has made us more aware of profound health-care disparities and systemic racism, which, in turn, has prompted many academic medical centers and health-care systems to increase their efforts surrounding diversity, equity, and inclusion. Therefore, it is important to understand the problems that some patients have in accessing care, promote health care that is culturally competent, create policies and standard operating procedures (at the federal, state, regional, or institutional level), and be innovative to provide cost-effective care for the underserved population. All of these efforts can assist in promoting equitable care and thus result in a more just and healthier society.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1529-1534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"If the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Total Knee Arthroplasty Are Good, Do Any Other Measurements Really Matter?: Commentary on an article by Thies J.N. van der Lelij, MD, et al.: \"Tibial Baseplate Migration Is Not Associated with Change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Clinical Scores After Total Knee Arthroplasty. A Secondary Analysis of 5 Radiostereometric Analysis Studies with 10-Year Follow-up\".","authors":"Nicholas Michael Hernandez, Ha Young Chang","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.24.00538","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.24.00538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":"106 16","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thies J N van der Lelij, Bart L Kaptein, Roula Tsonaka, Rob G H H Nelissen, Sören Toksvig-Larsen, Perla J Marang-van de Mheen
{"title":"Tibial Baseplate Migration Is Not Associated with Change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Clinical Scores After TKA: A Secondary Analysis of 5 Radiostereometric Analysis Studies with 10-Year Follow-up.","authors":"Thies J N van der Lelij, Bart L Kaptein, Roula Tsonaka, Rob G H H Nelissen, Sören Toksvig-Larsen, Perla J Marang-van de Mheen","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00957","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) provides highly accurate data about the migration of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) component. However, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) reflect the patients' perspective of their functional status, pain, and overall health after TKA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between tibial implant migration and change in postoperative PROMs and clinical scores, using data pooled from long-term follow-up RSA studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual implant migration data were collected from 5 randomized RSA studies, including a total of 300 patients with 6 distinct TKA implant designs (all Stryker). Tibial implant migration (maximum total point motion [MTPM]) was evaluated with RSA at 3 months, 1 year, and 2, 5, 7, and 10 years postoperatively. The Knee Society Score (KSS)-Knee and KSS-Function and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales were collected in all studies at the same follow-up times. Linear mixed-effects models, with adjustment for TKA implant design and patient characteristics, were used to analyze the data. The 3-month follow-up visit was used as the baseline to assess the association between implant migration and PROMs across the 10-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association between tibial implant migration and change in KSS-Knee (p = 0.384), KSS-Function (p = 0.737), KOOS-Symptoms (p = 0.398), KOOS-Pain (p = 0.699), KOOS-Activities of Daily Living (p = 0.205), KOOS-Sport and Recreation (p = 0.702), or KOOS-Quality of Life (p = 0.368) was found across the entire follow-up. Similar results were found when using the 2-year follow-up as the baseline, after which both cemented and uncemented implants are expected to have stabilized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tibial baseplate migration was not associated with postoperative worsening in PROMs or clinical scores in patients who underwent TKA. These findings suggest that implant migration, as measured with RSA, measures a different parameter (i.e., implant-bone fixation) than PROMs (i.e., patient perception) and clinical scores. Therefore, to assess the performance and safety of TKA implant designs, RSA and PROMs cannot be used interchangeably during the postoperative follow-up of patients and evaluation of the fixation of knee implants.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1479-1485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jay M Levin, Fabrizio Gobbi, Marcus G Pandy, Giovanni Di Giacomo, Mark A Frankle
{"title":"Optimizing Muscle-Tendon Lengths in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Evaluation of Surgical and Implant-Design-Related Parameters.","authors":"Jay M Levin, Fabrizio Gobbi, Marcus G Pandy, Giovanni Di Giacomo, Mark A Frankle","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01123","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.23.01123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimizing the function of muscles that cross the glenohumeral articulation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is controversial. The current study used a geometric model of the shoulder to systematically examine surgical placement and implant-design parameters to determine which RTSA configuration most closely reproduces native muscle-tendon lengths of the deltoid and rotator cuff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A geometric model of the glenohumeral joint was developed and adjusted to represent small, medium, and large shoulders. Muscle-tendon lengths were assessed for the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, and supraspinatus from 0 to 90° of scaption; for the subscapularis from 0° to 60° of internal rotation (IR) and 0° to 60° of scaption; for the infraspinatus from 0° to 60° of external rotation (ER) and 0° to 60° of scaption; and for the teres minor from 0° to 60° of ER at 90° of scaption. RTSA designs were virtually implanted using the following parameters: (1) surgical placement with a centered or inferior glenosphere position and a humeral offset of 0, 5, or 10 mm relative to the anatomic neck plane, (2) implant design involving a glenosphere size of 30, 36, or 42 mm, glenosphere lateralization of 0, 5, or 10 mm, and humeral neck-shaft angle of 135°, 145°, or 155°. Thus, 486 RTSA-shoulder size combinations were analyzed. Linear regression assessed the strength of association between parameters and the change in each muscle-tendon length from the native length.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The configuration that most closely restored anatomic muscle-tendon lengths in a small shoulder was a 30-mm glenosphere with a centered position, 5 mm of glenoid lateralization, 0 mm of humeral offset, and a 135° neck-shaft angle. For a medium shoulder, the corresponding combination was 36 mm, centered, 5 mm, 0 mm, and 135°. For a large shoulder, it was 30 mm, centered, 10 mm, 0 mm, and 135°. The most important implant-design parameter associated with restoration of native muscle-tendon lengths was the neck-shaft angle, with a 135° neck-shaft angle being favored (β = 0.568 to 0.657, p < 0.001). The most important surgical parameter associated with restoration of native muscle-tendon lengths was humeral offset, with a humeral socket placed at the anatomic neck plane being favored (β = 0.441 to 0.535, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A combination of a smaller, lateralized glenosphere, a humeral socket placed at the anatomic neck plane, and an anatomic 135° neck-shaft angle best restored native deltoid and rotator cuff muscle-tendon lengths in RTSA.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study of surgical and implant factors in RTSA highlighted optimal configurations for restoration of native muscle-tendon lengths of the deltoid and rotator cuff, which has direct implications for surgical technique and implant selection. Additionally, it demonstrated the most influential ","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1493-1503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What's New in Limb Lengthening and Deformity Correction.","authors":"Anirejuoritse Bafor, Christopher A Iobst","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.24.00458","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.24.00458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1447-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher N Carender, Dirk R Larson, Robert T Trousdale, David G Lewallen, Daniel J Berry, Matthew P Abdel
{"title":"Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Modular Fluted Tapered Stems: Long-Term Follow-up of 515 Cases.","authors":"Christopher N Carender, Dirk R Larson, Robert T Trousdale, David G Lewallen, Daniel J Berry, Matthew P Abdel","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00921","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modular fluted tapered (MFT) femoral components are frequently utilized in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs). However, long-term follow-up has been limited. The purpose of this study was to update our prior series at long-term follow-up, with specific emphasis on implant survivorship, radiographic results, and complications in a large cohort of aseptic revision THAs using MFT stems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively identified 515 aseptic femoral revisions performed with 2 MFT stem designs in the total joint registry of a single tertiary care academic institution from 1999 to 2013. Serial radiographs were reviewed for subsidence of >5 mm. The mean follow-up (and standard deviation) was 10 ± 5 years (range, 2 to 21 years). A competing risk model accounting for death was utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 15-year cumulative incidence of any revision was 12%. There were 57 revisions, 27 of which involved revision of the fluted tapered component (FTC). Dislocation (n = 19), periprosthetic joint infection (n = 15), and aseptic loosening of the FTC (n = 11) were the most common reasons for revision. The 15-year cumulative incidence of any reoperation was 16%. The 15-year cumulative incidences were 6% for any FTC revision and 2% for FTC revision for aseptic loosening. Stem subsidence of >5 mm occurred in 2% of unrevised cases, and all but 1 stem was stable at the most recent follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This large series of MFT stems used in aseptic revision THAs had a 2% incidence of subsequent revision of the FTC for aseptic loosening at 15 years. Dislocation and infection were the most common reasons for any revision.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":"1470-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Anteromedial Cortical Support in Reduction of Trochanteric Hip Fractures. From Definition to Application.","authors":"","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.ER.23.01023","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.ER.23.01023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":"106 16","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dependable Automated Approach for Measuring the Retrograde Superior Ramus Screw Corridor in Pelvic Fracture Fixation.","authors":"Jing-Xin Zhao, Hua Chen, Mingjie Dong, Fujiao Ju, Houchen Lyu, Li-Cheng Zhang, Pei-Fu Tang","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.23.00695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.23.00695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Precise measurement of the intraosseous corridor within the superior pubic ramus is essential for the accurate percutaneous placement of a retrograde superior ramus screw (SRS). However, conventional manual measurement methods are often subjective, leading to variations in results among observers. Our goal was to develop an automated and dependable method for determining the retrograde SRS corridor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an automated technique that utilized a computed tomography (CT) image-based search algorithm to identify the retrograde SRS corridor with the maximum diameter. We evaluated the reliability of this automated approach in comparison to a manual method using 17 pelves. Subsequently, we used both methods to measure the diameter, length, and orientation of the retrograde SRS corridor in 204 pelves in a Chinese population and assessed the intra- and interobserver agreement of each method by calculating the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and constructing Bland-Altman plots. We determined the screw applicability (percentages of hemipelves that could be treated with specific sizes of screws) for each method. Additionally, we investigated potential factors influencing the corridor, such as sex, age, height, and weight, through regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intra- and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the automated method (0.998 and 0.995) were higher than those for the manual approach (0.925 and 0.918) in the assessment of the corridor diameter. Furthermore, the diameter identified by the automated method was notably larger than the diameter measured with the manual method, with a mean difference and RMSE of 0.9 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively. The automated method revealed a significantly smaller corridor diameter in females than in males (an average of 7.5 and 10.4 mm, respectively). Moreover, use of the automated method allowed 80.6% of the females to be managed with a 4.5-mm screw while a 6.5-mm screw could be utilized in 19.4%, surpassing the capabilities of the manual method. Female sex had the most substantial impact on corridor diameter (β = -0.583).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The automated method exhibited better reliability than the manual method in measuring the retrograde SRS corridor, and showed a larger corridor diameter for screw placement. Females had a significantly smaller corridor diameter than males. Given the intricate nature of the automated approach, which entails utilizing different software and interactive procedures, our current method is not readily applicable for traumatologists. We are working on developing integrated software with the goal of providing a more user-friendly solution for traumatologists in the near future.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15273,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}